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A-Level Psychology > Forensic Psychology > Flashcards

Forensic Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Crime

A

Crime is considered as any illegal act which is punishable , after consideration by a judge and jury in a legal trial

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2
Q

Why might there be issues defining crime

A

Many factors can alter whether a crime has been commited or not in the case
Factors such as: Age, Culture, Circumstance etc.

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3
Q

Define Profiling

A

A method of suspect identification which seeks to identify a person’s characteristics based on things done or left at the crime scene

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4
Q

Define Modus Operandi

A

Offenders having a distinctive way of commiting crimes

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5
Q

What are the 3 main methods of measuring Crime

A

Official Statistics
Victim Surveys
Offender Surveys

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6
Q

What is the top-down approach?

A

Method used by Law Enforcement Officers
Aims to identify a type of offender by applying theories to the crime scene
Uses the Bigger Picture

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7
Q

How does the top-down approach work

A

Characteristics identified by research studied are used for categorization of offenders
Offenders are assigned a type of offender

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8
Q

What 2 offences is the top down approach used for

A

Murder Rape

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9
Q

What are the 2 categories an offender can be assigned to according to the Top Down Approach

A

Organised
Dis-Organised

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10
Q

What is meant by an Organised Offender

A

An offender of high IQ
Crime scene tends to be planned out

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of offence by an Organised Offender

A

Planned out Crime - Lack of evidence left behind
Targeted victim, chosen wisely

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of an Organised Offender

A

Above average IQ
Married
Skilled Occupation
Socially and Sexually Competent

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13
Q

Identify 2 post offence characteristics by an Organised Offender

A

Returns to crime scene - Fool police by acting Innocent
Volunteers information

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14
Q

What is meant by a Dis-Organised Offender

A

Typically commit crimes unaccordingly
No co-ordination to commiting crime

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of offence by a Dis-Organised Offender

A

Unplanned/Spontaneous
Likely to leave hard evidence at scene
Random selection of victim

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Dis-Organised Offender

A

Low IQ
Abused in childhood
Confusion during time of offence
No Occupation

17
Q

Identify 2 post offence characteristics by a Dis-Organised Offender

A

Keep Diary
News Articles of incident kept

18
Q

Describe a crime scene displayed by an Organised Offender

A

No mess created during offence
No evidence is left behind
Scene stays as if nothing happened

19
Q

Describe a crime scene displayed by a Dis-Organised Offender

A

Crime scene is a mess (blood splattered)
Furniture Shattered etc.

20
Q

What are the 4 stages of the Top Down Approaches

A

1 - Data Assimilation
2 - Crime Scene Classification
3 - Crime Reconstruction
4 - Profile Generation

21
Q

Describe Data Assimilation

A

Investigators gather information from sources
- Crime Scene Photots
- Police Reports
- Pathologist’ Reports

22
Q

Why may a pathologist’ report be useful when identifying an offender

A

Pathologist’ Report can identify the method of which the offender killed the victim
Using the report can identify the type of offender
E.g 20 Knife stab wounds = Dis-Organised (loss of control)

23
Q

Describe Crime Scene Classification

A

Profilers decide which type of offender the crime scene represents

24
Q

Describe Crime Reconstruction

A

Hypothesis Generation
Patterns in crime, victim behaviour etc. are studied

25
Q

Describe Profile Generation

A

Profilers construct a sketch of the offender
Based on the data analysis

26
Q

Research for characteristics of type of offender

A

FBI Investigators carried out structured interviews with 36 serial sex murderers, including Ted Bundy
Analysis of interviews lead to the chareteristics

27
Q

Identify a limitation of the research on characteristics by FBI Agents

A

Research was conducted on the most serious rape and murder cases
Not generelisable to other cases

28
Q

Why is the Top-Down Approach subjective

A
29
Q
A

A-Level Psychology (19 decks)

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