FORENSIC 1 TO 3 Flashcards
ACTIVE RECALL
1
Q
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
A
2
Q
- What principle involve in personal Identification which states that the greater the number of similarity or difference the greater the probability for the identity or non-identity to be conclusive?
A
B. Law of multiplicity of evidence
3
Q
- What method of identification discovered in 1985 by Prof. Alec Jeffreys in United Kingdom?
A
C. DNA Fingerprinting
4
Q
- Identification of person can be done either by Comparison or by____?
A
A. Exclusion
5
Q
- He is known as the Father of Modern
Fingerprint, whose system of classification was spread in almost all English speaking country?
A
B. Edward Richard Henry
6
Q
- Complete this adage, “the neighboring fingers of the same person have never found to be _____________”.
A
D. Exactly identical an all respects
7
Q
- A system of Identification best used in case of burned body?
A
B. Odontology
8
Q
- The word finger was derived from what Latin word?
A
B. Dactyl
9
Q
- Is the person who discover the two main layer of the friction skin (Epidermis and Dermis) and to whom one of the thin layer of the friction skin was
named?
A
C. Marcelo Malpighi
10
Q
- What patterns do not have numerical value in primary classification?
A
D. Loops and Arches
11
Q
- What are canals of depression found between ridges called?
A
B. Furrows
12
Q
- Is a system of identification use earlier than fingerprint system, and is made by measuring the various bony structure of the human body developed by Alphonse Bertillion?
A
D. Anthropometry
13
Q
- Is that part of the friction skin which if
damaged will constitute a temporary scar?
A
B. Dermis
14
Q
- What ridge divides itself into two or more branches that meets to form the original figure?
A
B. Enclosure
14
Q
- It refers to all fingerprints left at the crime scene including those left accidentally or unconsciously?
A
B. Latent prints
15
Q
- What kind of a ridge resembles a dot, fragment or a period?
A
B. Island ridge
16
Q
- Is a short horizontal ridge found inside a re- curving ridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow from the inner delta to the center of the pattern? This is also found in the second type of central pocket loop.
A
D. Obstruction
17
Q
- Is the type of pattern in which the course is traced the line flow below the right delta and there are three intervening ridge.
A
C. Outer whorl
18
Q
- The principle in fingerprint study that states that fingerprint cannot be forged. Fingerprint is a reliable and a positive means of identification.
A
A. Principle of infallibility
19
Q
- What is the main layer of the epidermis, which covers the surface on which ridges are visible?
A
C. Stratum corneoum
20
Q
- Is fingerprint patterns have slope or downward flow of recurving ridge towards the thumb or the radius bone of the hand?
A
C. Radial loop
21
Q
- The right and left little fingers are used
exclusively for final classification. However, they are also considered in what classification?
A
D. Final
22
Q
- Given a symbol of letter W in fingerprint classification, and having two deltas, in which at least on ridge forming a complete circuit?
A
B. Plain whorl
23
Q
- How deep is the cut to produced permanent scar?
A
B. More than 1mm
24
24. How many standard fingerprint patterns are there? (Types)
C. Eight
25
25. In taking rolled impressions, the index finger should be rolled:
C. Away from the body of the subject
26
26. Before the classification of the fingerprints, the first thing to do is:
A. Blocking of the fingerprint.
27
27. Among the following, which of these is not an element of plain whorl?
A. A complete circuit
B. At least one ridge count
C. Two deltas
D. At least one circuiting ridge is touched by an imaginary line traversing the two deltas
B. At least one ridge count
28
28. Among the following, which of these is not true about accidental whorl?
A. There two deltas
B. May contain two or more cores
C. Two loop patterns are present having separate shoulders
D. Combination of two whorls and a loop
C. Two loop patterns are present having
separate shoulders
29
29. If an appendage is present between the shoulders of a loop (innermost recurve), the one being considered for purposes of locating the core is?
A. Next loop inside
B. Similar loop with an appendage
C. Next loop outside with no appendage at
right angle
D. Next loop outside with appendage at right angle
C. Next loop outside with no appendage at
right angle
30
30. As a fingerprint examiner, in classifying a type of pattern having a set of ridges flowing from the left side towards the right side of the pattern. If you are the examiner, which of the following
ridges be chosen as a delta?
A. Bifurcation
31
31. Located along the undersides of the fingers, palms, toes, and soles appear corrugated skin structure known to the biologist as:
A. Friction skin
32
32. It is a type of latent prints which are made visible due to contact of the subject hands and fingers to some soft object that can assume the patterns once compressed such as, those of soap,
clay etc.
C. Molded
33
33. Is the distance of recognition in broad daylight of a person who is almost a stranger?
C. 25 yards
34
34. Prints which were left in the place accidentally or unconsciously?
A. Chance prints
35
35. The identification of two impressions can be established primarily through:
A. Formation of different types of pattern
36
36. A ridge that is so thin or fine compare to other regular ridge which is not included as a ridge count even if it has been cross by the imaginary line?
C. Incipient ridge
37
37. What is that ridge that divides into two ridges and which resembles a fork structure?
B. Bifurcation
38
38. Is the reproduction on some smooth surface of the design formed by the ridges on the end joint of the fingers and thumb through the media of an ink or any other reagent capable of producing visibility?
C. Fingerprint
39
39. To determine whether a loop is a radial, it is very important that we should know in what ____ the fingerprints came from.
A. Hand
39
40. In final classification, which delta of central pocket loop whorl and plain whorl should be selected if the patterns originate at the right hand?
A. Left
40
41. Considered as the three basic types of ridge characteristics are:
C. Ridge endings, dot and bifurcations
41
42. Points often missed in rolling impressions?
B. Delta
42
43. Refers to the means of recognizing the
characteristics of persons so as to differentiate him from others
C. Identification
43
44. In examining a fingerprint pattern having 2 deltas and a core with few spiral formations at the center but no recurving ridge is cut. What type of pattern was being examined?
B. C
44
45. It is the lower or the inner layer of the skin that must not be destructed for it could possibly create a permanent injury that may result to the loss of the ridges. What is the canal like structure
found between ridges?
B. Furrows
45
46. In locating the delta, which of the following statements must be considered first?
A. Dots and fragments may only be considered as bifurcations if they are as thick as the other ridges
B. The delta may not be located in the middle of a ridge running between the type lines towards the core, but at the nearer end only
C. Delta must be located midway between two diverging type lines or just in-front of where they diverge
D. Bifurcation takes precedence over any
possible delta
D. Bifurcation takes precedence over any
possible delta
46
47. Before the arrival of the DNA test, personal identification through fingerprint is most widely used around the world in positively identifying person especially if the subject is beyond recognition. The reason behind lies on the principle that:
C. Not two persons have identical
fingerprint
47
48. Between birth and death, there are ______ changes in the number of ridge characteristics of the fingerprint.
A. Considerable
C. Few
B. Various
D. No
D. No
48
50. It is the only division in the fingerprint card that does not have a denominator?
D. Key division
49
51. Alphonse Bertillon is a well-known French Criminologist who devised a scheme of identification known as the Anthropometry System. Under this system, Bertillon stated that human skeleton does not change after how many
years?
D. 20
50
49. Condition before fragments and dots are counted:
A. They must be found inside the pattern area
B. They must be in the line of flow
C. They must cut or touched by the
imaginary line
D. They must be thick and heavy as other ridges
C. They must cut or touched by the
imaginary line
51
52. The ridges of the skin is part of the dermal surface that is why sometimes it is called as the dermal ridges and it will not be forge. This statement best describes as:
B. The principle of infallibility
52
53. What is the order of the divisions as shown in the classification line of the fingerprint card?
C. Key, major, primary, secondary, sub-
secondary, final
53
54. Which of the following best describes a loop pattern?
A. Presence of 1 sufficient recurving ridge
B. Has a bifurcation as the delta
C. 1 core at the point of divergence
D. All of these
D. All of these
54
55. Sub-secondary division is derived by ridge counting of loop and ridge tracing a whorl appearing on what fingers?
B. Index, middle, and ring fingers
55
56. Split thumb, webbed or grown finger together are called as:
D. Ectodactyl
56
57. A system of classification used in the
Philippines:
D. Galton-Henry System with FBI
Modification and Extension
57
58. The first conviction in the Philippine Case which gives recognition to the science of fingerprint?
A. People vs. Medina
58
59. Is the person known for being the U.S. public enemy number one, who attempts to destroy his friction by applying a corrosive acid?
B. John Dillinger
59
60. What kind of pattern has two deltas in which at least one ridge makes a turn through one complete circuit?
D. Plain whorl
60
61. Who is the Argentinian Police official began the first fingerprint files base on Galton Patterns. He developed his own system of Classifying prints which was officially adopted in Argentina?
A. Juan Vucetich
61
62. Is that appears as tiny black line with white dots (called pores) in an inked finger impression?
B. Ridges
62
63. What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an up trust, or two of the three basic characteristics of the loop?
B. Tented arch
63
64. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping or slanting ridges flows from the little finger?
B. Ulnar loop
64
65. The core and delta are also termed as _____?
B. Focal point
65
66. Which of the following ridge characteristics will be highly prioritized as delta?
A. A short ridge over an island ridge at its
divergence point
B. A bifurcation leading towards the outside direction of the pattern farther with core
C. A ridge ending that reached the very shoulder of the ridges
D. None of these
B. A bifurcation leading towards the outside direction of the pattern farther with core
66
67. What is the rule where there are two or more possible bifurcation deltas which conform to the definition of delta?
A. The one nearest the core should be
chosen
67
68. Is that part of whorl or loop where the delta, core and ridges appear?
B. Pattern area
68
69. If the number of intervening ridges is below three, then this would be classified as;
B. Meeting whorl
69
70. What division in the classification formula which is always represented by numerical value depending upon a whorl pattern appearing in each finger?
A. Primary
70
71. What patterns are included in the secondary division in deriving the small letter category?
C. Radial, plain arch and tented arch
71
72. A numerical value of 32 over 32 would indicate all ___ patterns in primary classification?
B. Whorl
71
73. What division in the classification formula is derived from both little finger and is place at the extreme right of the classification formula?
C. Final
72
74. He took prints of his own palm twice with the lapse of forty-one years just to prove that prints do not change, except for some scratches due to
old age.
A. Herman Welcker
73
75. That part of the friction skin between the epidermis and dermis layer which responsible for the ridge formation?
C. Dermal papillae
74
77. All, except one, are elements of a whorl pattern?
A. It may contain 2 or more deltas
B. Several pattern may be present
C. Usually possessing of a circular formation at the
center
D. None of these
D. None of these
74
76. The following are considerations used for classification of a loop except one:
A. A delta
B. A ridge count across a looing ridge
C. A sufficient recurve
D. Core
D. Core
75
78. When a ridge bifurcates, sending two ridges across the imaginary line, how is it counted?
C. Two
76
79. Is a ridge formation sometime being
misinterpret as a bifurcation because of its close resemblance? This ridge is known as.
B. Converging ridge
76
81. Is the type of impression taken simultaneously and serves as a guide in checking the proper rolling of the finger in the card?
B. Plain Impression
77
80. Is the type of an impression made or printed on the card by individually rolling the ten fingers of the subject.
C. Rolled Impression
78
82. He is the chief magistrate of Hoogly District in India, first use fingerprints on contracts with the natives, he is also considered as the father of chiroscopy?
D. William James Herschel
79
83. Knowledge of the fingerprint’s unique naturedid not surface in the European countries until a lecture was given by a British doctor, who was a fellow of the royal society that published the
treaties entitled “ De Externo Tactus Organo” ?
B. Marcelo Malphigi
80
84. Is a fingerprint pattern in which the ridges form a sequence of spirals around core axis?
C. Whorl
81
85. Is the process of placing under each pattern the letter symbols as a result of the interpretation?
D. Blocking
82
86. Before classifying any given fingerprint card it is necessary to check first the rolled prints to determine proper placement of the prints using______ as the guide.
B. The plain impression
83
87. It refers to the number of ridges that appears between the tracing ridge and the right delta of a whorl pattern?
D. Ridge tracing
84
88. Who is that fingerprint pioneer who introducesthe fingerprint classifications
that dominated in almost English speaking countries?
A. Sir Edward Richard Henry
85
89. A delta may be any of the following, except:
A. A meeting of two ridges
B. Dot or fragment as thick as the other ridges
C. A bifurcation opening towards the delta
D. A point on the first recurving ridge located nearest to the center and in-front of the divergence of the type lines
C. A bifurcation opening towards the delta
86
90. It is the very center of the pattern and one of the very important focal points of a certain pattern especially for loops. What is that core of the patterns having terminal point?
D. Ridge ending
87
91. A British anthropologist and cousin of Charles Darwin, who began his observation of fingerprint as a means of identifications in 1800’s. According
to his calculations, the odd of two individual’s fingerprint being the same is 1 in 64 billion. He identified the characteristics by which fingerprints
can be identified. These same characteristics (minutia) are basically still in use today, and are often refeed to as ____ details, after his name.
C. Galton
88
92. What division will be left blank in the
classification formula if all fingers are missing?
D. Key and final Division
89
93. Is a pattern possessing most of the elemental characteristics of a whorl, but became special because of its unique combination of two distinct loops. This statement is referring to what type of
pattern?
B. Double loop whorl
90
94. In case of double thumb of the same size what should be the course of action in classifying them.
C. Classify only the inner thumb
91
95. In Ridge counting an Accidental Whorl It should be:
C. Get the least number of ridge counts
92
96. It is obtained by counting the ridges of the first loop appearing on the fingerprint card (beginning with the right thumb), exclusively of the little fingers which are never considered for the key as
they are reserved for the final?
C. Key
93
97. It is a short ridge found at the summit or at the top of re-curving ridge:
Appendage
94
98. In fingerprint pattern, it refers to an end point of a ridges or a ridge with abrupt ending it is what kind of ridge?
C. Ending
95
99. In fingerprint classification, what would be the result if the slab not properly cleaned after its use?
A. Blurred
96
100. The fingerprint identification. The pattern which conforms to one of the definition but is not a plain arch is termed as?
D. Accidental whorl
97
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
98
1. It refers to a short duration artificial light commonly attached to a camera?
D. Flash bulb
99
2. In a special photography using film that was sensitive to UV light and primary colors, you are using what type of film?
C. Panchromatic film
100
3. A photographer in crime scene investigation has to get as many photographs as he can. The first
shot that he should make just after reaching the crime scene is the house where the crime of murder was committed to one of its ten rooms. In
getting the façade of the house what lens should be utilized?
B. Wide angle lens
101
4. A black and white films possess several
characteristics such as speed, spectra sensitivity and granularity. The speed will be referring to the sensitivity of the film to light, granularity is the graininess, and the spectral is the sensitivity to:
A. Wavelength
102
5. Ultra-violet light differs from infra-red light in 3 F”s which stands for Film, filter and _____?
C. Focus
103
6. When taking a snap shot and expecting it to be sharp but an alteration happened to the expected image because it can be seen in two viewpoints. What is this phenomenon?
A. Parallax
104
7. Which part of the camera is used in focusing the light from the subject?
B. Lens
105
8. Is a camera accessory designed to fix the camera focus and avoid its unusual movement during the process of photographing?
B. Tripod
106
9. Which of the following film can record all the colors of the visible light spectrum?
C. Panchromatic Film
107
10. In the modernization of the photography. DSLR camera almost dominated the market because of its great features that are very useful in commercial photo-shoots. What do DSLR
means?
C. Digital single lens reflex camera
108
12 Is the stage in the developing process where the image becomes permanent?
B. Acid fixer
108
13. Is the stage in the developing process where the image is formed?
A. Developer
109
11. A British scientist who made the first miniature cameras, the so-called “mouse trap” cameras:
C. Willian Henry Fox Talbot
110
14. The determining factor of the size of an image as well as the area of coverage of a given camera lens is the?
A. Focal length
111
15. In 1947 Edwin Land Introduce the one step photography also known as Polaroid. What will produce by the LASER?
B. Holograms
112
16. The lens opening also known as the relative aperture is the indicator for light transmitting capability of the lens. Which of the following lens opening will admit more light to pass through its medium?
B. F-8
113
17. The fish eye lens is a special type of camera having a view angle of:
D. 180 degrees
114
18. What is considered as the utmost used of photography in police work?
C. For record purpose
115
19. The following are components of black and white film, except:
A. Anti-halation
C. Emulsion
B. Base
D. Gelatin
A. Anti-halation
116
21. It is a circular dome-like image?
C. Curvature of field
116
20. What type of a film has the longest range of sensitivity in the electromagnetic spectrum called?
D. Infra-red film
117
22. Which of the following film is the fastest? (More sensitive)?
A. ASA 1000
C. ASA 100
B. ASA 200
D. ASA 400
A. ASA 1000
118
23. It was otherwise known as the coherent light?
B. Laser light
119
24. What emulsion speed indicator is express in an arithmetic form?
B. ASA
119
25. In outdoor photography, there will some instance that the presence of light is too much that produces a dilemma to the photographer. What do you think is the best way to do?
B. use a much smaller lens opening
120
26. Once a light reach a certain object three things will possibly occur, either the light will be absorbed, transmitted or ________?
C. Reflected
121
27. Is the simplest type of camera, which consists of box with very small hole on one of its sides?
D. Pin-hole camera
122
28. A colored film has in its emulsion surface three layer of color emulsion. What are these colors? (in sequence)
C. Blue, Green and Red
123
29. Is a lens with focal length of less than the diagonal of its negative material?
D. Wide angle lens
124
30. In crime scene photography, what view tends to show the extent damage on the subject?
B. Extreme close-up
125
31. In police photography, to obtain a general view of the scene of the crime we used a camera at what particular level?
C. Eye level
126
32. The bending of light around an object gives rise to phenomenon called:
C. Refraction
127
33. The absence of all colors is black; white light is composed of the three primary colors – blue, green and red. What is the sum total of all colors
of the rainbow?
A. Visible light
128
34. What type of cameras which eliminate parallax error?
C. SLR
129
35. Is a systematic arrangement of colors to give a pleasant effect?
B. Color harmony
130
36. Is a homogenous mixture which absorbs and transmits different light rays passing through it?
B. Filter
131
37. Which of the following rays is not visible to the naked eye?
B. 30-400 millimicrons
132
38. It is the nearest distance between the nearest object and the camera lens that would give a maximum depth of field?
B. Hyper-focal distance
133
39. When the exposed film is not yet developed, the image recorder is technically referred to:
A. Negative image
134
40. The normal developing time of a normally exposed photographic paper in Dektol Developer with ordinary room temperature is__?
B. 1- 1 1/2 minutes
135
41. To correct an over exposed print, one should ____ the counting time of the next print?
D. Divide
136
42. This shall refer to the lens which forms a real image on the opposite side of the lens?
B. Positive lens
137
43. What is referred to the effective length of time a camera’s shutter remains open?
B. Shutter speed
138
44. Is a camera accessory that is attach to the shutter release button to prevent the accidental movement of the camera during exposure period?
D. Cable release
139
45. Is the science or art of obtaining images in sensitize materials by the action of electromagnetic radiation rays?
A. Photography
140
46. Which of the following supports the entire unit of the enlarger, which usually holds the easel that carries the photographic paper?
C. Baseboard
141
47. Is the process of eliminating unwanted portion of the negative during enlarging?
A. Dodging
142
48. It enables the law enforcement investigator to record the visible and in many cases, the invisible
evidence found at the crime scene?
A. Photography
143
49. The first application of photography in police work?
B. Identification files
144
50. In outdoor photography, there will some instance that the presence of light is too much that produces a dilemma to the photographer. What do you think is the best way to do?
B. Use a much smaller lens opening
145
51. Is lamp that is very useful in photographing objects in dark places?
B. Electronic flash
146
52. This effect causes the images to be spherized, which means the edges of the images look curved and bowed to the human eye?
A. Barrel distortion
147
53. Film Speed can also be expressed in
logarithmic value. How many degrees of difference between two films will indicate two times sensitivity?
C. 3 degrees
147
54. Photography is the reproduction of an image by means of light action. What is the process by which big object are reduced into small strips of
film?
B. Microphotography
148
55. What determine the amount of light a flash unit will yield at a given distance?
D. Light meter
149
56. It is the ability of an object to convert one wavelength to another as long as the active energy source is irradiation the object?
C. Fluorescence
149
57. This Type of camera will eliminate parallax error and it will work well with all types of lenses?
A. Single lens reflex type
150
58. A device made from overlapping metal leaves within a lens or a camera which can be adjusted to specific apertures of f-stops to control the amount of light that strikes the film, also controls the depth of field?
D. Diaphragm
151
59. What part of the sensitized material is
responsible for absorbing excess light does preventing light reflects?
C. Anti-halation backing
152
60. This part of the camera is used to allow light to enter through the lens for a predetermined time
interval?
C. Shutter
153
64. When was the birth year of photography?
C. 1839
153
61. Its action starts from one side and closes on the opposite side with a faster shutter speed. The statement is referring to:
B. Focal plane
154
62. Is a type of lens defects in which light of various wavelength are focus in irregular proportion, thus producing color blurredness?
A. Chromatic aberration
155
63. William Fox Talbot invented what particular object which uses paper impregnated with light sensitive compound?
C. Calotype
156
65. These are made of plastic material support the emulsion layer, it is particularly known as the base
which can be found on the:
B. Film
157
66. Which of the following lens defects does not affect the degree of sharpness of the object rather affects the shape of the object due to the bending
of the light passing the side of the lens?
B. Distortion
157
68. A distance measured from the optical center of
the lens to the film plane?
B. Focal Length
157
67. In addition to legal medicine, as prober, how can you preserve perishable evidence like injuries, contusions, hematoma and others?
D. Photography
158
69. It refers to the absence of all colors?
B. Black light
159
71. In crime scene photography what view tends to show the four angle of the possible entrance and exit point of the suspect?
B. Medium view
159
70. What lens has the focal length that is not more
A. Telephoto
160
72. Is type of lens designed for surveillance work where the photographer must be far from the object being photographed to avoid being
detected?
C. Telephoto lens
161
73. What kind of diaphragm opening must one used to get the wider depth of field?
A. Smaller
162
74. Is the means by which the object’s distance is estimated or calculated to form a sharp or clear image?
A. Focusing
162
75. How would the photographer adjust or set shutter speed of the camera if his objective is to freeze the action of moving objects?
C. Fast
163
77. One of the advancements of photography is in the use of LASER. With LASER, one is able to produce a three dimensional photograph known as:
C. Hologram
164
76. Is that part of the camera that works like pupil of the eye? It may be enlarged or contracted.
A. Diaphragm opening
C. Lens aperture
B. Lens opening
D. All of these
D. All of these
165
78. What camera accessory is designed to
effectively augment the adverse lighting condition of the object being photograph?
C. Flash units
165
79. What camera accessory is designed to
effectively augment the adverse lighting condition of the object being photograph?
C. Flash units
166
80. What country is the first that used photograph of crime scene in court presentation?
C. US
167
81. In Photographing the scene of the crime, what view should be used in order to show the best feature of the nature of the crime scene?
A. Medium
168
82. Is distance at which lens of a camera is
focused with a given particular diaphragm opening which will give the maximum depth of field?
B. Hyper focal distance
169
83. It is known as the fundamental characteristics of a lens that will determine the size of an image
and area of coverage of the lens. This refers to:
C. Focal length
170
84. Laser light is also referred to as ______?
B. Coherent
171
85. The change in the direction of light is
conclusive whenever light passes from one medium to another. This is known as the phenomenon called as:
B. Refraction
172
86. This result star images near the outer edge of the viewing field seeming to have comet-style tails scattering radially away from its optical axis?
A. Negative coma
173
87. The person who first advocate the use of the photography for identification of criminals and the documentation of evidences and crime scene?
C. Odelbercht
174
88. The person who first advocate the use of the photography for identification of criminals and the documentation of evidences and crime scene?
C. Odelbercht
175
89. In photography using micro-prism, the image on focus will shatter of an out of focus image and when it is exactly in focus the prisms seem to disappear. This micro-prism are primarily found on:
B. Ground glass
176
90. A camera that uses lens and spring-loading shutter and roll film. Shutter speed and aperture usually not adjustable is:
A. Bellowed camera
176
91. To readily determine the degree of
magnification of a subject in a photograph ______ should be place beside the subject.
B. Scale bed
177
92. What is the recommended size of photographic evidence?
A. 8 x 10 inches
178
93. Which of the following is the number one purpose of photographs?
C. Decorative
B. For identification
179
94. Which of the following is one of forensic light sources that can be used in sterilization and is germicide?
A. Ultraviolet lamp
180
95. In photography to a mechanic it is a screw driver and to you a photographer it is?
D. Camera
181
96. Graininess or granularity refers to this
characteristic of the metallic silver grains?
B. Sensitivity
182
97. This refers to the solution containing several chemicals that serve as the active molder of photographic image?
C. Developer
182
98. Is a lens that can reduce the size of the object
but increases the area coverage?
B. Wide angle
183
99. Crime scene photographs should be taken in ways that should have meet the eye of an average observer, hence it should be:
D. Generalized
184
100. The single lens reflex type camera able to accurately record through its lens the actual scene in its viewfinder due to:
A. Focusing mirror
184
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND
TOXICOLOGY
185
1. It is a branch of chemistry which deals with the application of chemical principles in the
solution of problems that arise in connection with the administration of
justice.
B. Forensic Chemistry
186
1. If a person habitually drinks alcoholic beverages
there develops a certain degree of adaptation by the
body, thereby increasing the body threshold to it.
Later, greater quantity and percentage will be tolerated
and will lead to the diminution of its effects.
c. tolerance
187
3. _________________is probably the most widely
accepted way to determine the concentration of
alcohol in the body. It is a direct method of estimation
although the subject may refuse blood extraction for
such analysis.
c. analysis of the blood
188
2. The following are the chemical examinations for
semen, except:
a. Florence Test
b. Barberio’s Test
c. Kastle-Meyer Test
d. Acid-phosphatase Test
c. Kastle-Meyer Test
189
4. If analysis of the gastric contents disclosed presence
of possible toxic substance, it is possible that the said
poison could have been introduced post-mortem to
conceal the real cause of death.
a. true
b. false
c. yes
d. no
a. true
190
5. The incorporation of liquids or gases into the body.
It is also the process by which liquid hazardous
materials are soaked up by sand, sawdust, or other
material to limit the spread of contamination.
b. absorption
190
6. There is flushing of the face, with exaggerated
mood, but a person is able to control his behavior. He
shows no signs of mental impairment, incoordination
of movement and difficulty of speech.
a. Slight Inebriation
191
7. These are mixtures of chemicals that burn very
rapidly, but sub sonically meaning that they
“deflagrate.” They consist typically of fuel and an
oxidizer. The black powder used in fireworks is one
example of this.
b. low explosives
192
8. This reagent produces a blue flaky precipitate in the
presence of cocaine. The test is not reliable as many
other drugs and diluents respond in the same manner.
c. Cobalt Thiocyanate Test
193
9. The clumping together of living cells as a result of a
reaction between the cells and an appropriate immune
serum is called:
a. agglutination
194
10. Instrument used to measure out or weight different
types of dry chemicals. The measurement for weighing
the substance is designated as grams.
b. analytical balance
195
11. Blood that is directed back toward its source of
energy. It is often associated with gunshot wounds of
entrance.
d. back spatter
195
12. The rarest blood type among the ABO blood group.
d. AB negative
195
13. The following are the factors to be considered in
the interpretation of the Paraffin Test result. Which is
not included?
b. number of pink specks
196
14. A basic science concerned with the structure and
behavior of atoms (elements); the composition and
properties of compounds; the reactions that occur
between substances and the resultant energy
exchange; and the laws that unite these phenomena
into a comprehensive system.
c. chemistry
197
15. This is a reactive substance that contains a great
amount of potential energy that can produce
an explosion if released suddenly, usually
accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound,
and pressure.
c. explosive
198
16. Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membrane due to deficient oxygenation of the blood;
usually evident when reduced hemoglobin exceeds
5%. It is present in many heart and respiratory
conditions.
c. cyanosis
199
17. It is a colorless, transparent gas, sweetish taste
and emitting an odor similar to a rotten egg. The gas
is soluble in water to form carbonic acid and it burns in
the air with a pale blue flame.
c. Hydrogen Sulfide
200
18. A standard for determining the reliability of
scientific expert testimony in court currently adopted
by many jurisdictions. Five factors are utilized to assess
the scientific theory or technique testing of theory, use
of standard and controls, peer review, error rate, and
acceptability in the relevant scientific community.
c. Daubert Test
201
19. A common class of microscopic evidence. They are
classified as animal, vegetable, mineral, or natural,
manufactured, or synthetic.
a. fibers
202
20. All of the following are accurate tests for the
presence of alcohol in the human body, except one:
a. Saliva Test
b. Harger Breath Test
c. Fecal Test
d. Blood Test
c. Fecal Test
203
21. A ________________________ is less sensitive
than a primary explosive and requires substantially
more energy to be initiated.
b. secondary explosive
204
22. This is a property possessed by various substances
that glow when exposed to light of a short wavelength.
The phenomenon in which some substances absorb
light and re-emit part of it as light of a longer
wavelength.
c. fluorescence
205
23. Which of these is a fluid used to restore tampered
serial numbers on metals?
a. etching fluid
206
24. A physical state of matter that has low density and viscosity, can expand and contract greatly in response to changes in temperature and pressure, and readily and uniformly distributes itself throughout any
container.
c. gas
206
25. A method of choice for the detection of occult (usually not noticeable to the naked eye) blood at a crime scene that was cleaned up or escaped detection for extended periods of time.
d. luminol test
207
26. What kind of toxicological analysis is routinely carried out for fire deaths.
c. Carbon monoxide and alcohol
208
27. A class of fibers of vegetable (e.g., cotton, flax, ramie), animal origin (e.g., silk, wool, and specially fur), or mineral origin (e.g., asbestos).
c. natural fibers
209
28. The act of detecting scent, generally by respiration, transmitting impulses from the mucous membranes in the upper part of the nose via the olfactory nerve to the forebrain, where the information is translated into
perceived odor.
d. olfaction
210
29. This is a chemical reaction in which oxygen
combines with another substance.
c. oxidation
211
30. The value of an aqueous solution is a number describing its acidity or alkalinity. A number used to represent the acidity or alkalinity
a. pH
212
31. An individual who, through their examination of evidence, characterizes and identifies blood and body
fluids.
d. serologist
213
32. A test for marijuana in which positive result is shown by purple color in the chloroform layer.
d. Duquenois- Levine Test
214
33. Persons with blood alcohol below ____ are not considered intoxicated.
b. 0.05%
215
34. This is the ability of one material to dissolve in or blend uniformly with another.
c. solubility
216
35. The theory attributed to Edmond Locard regarding the transfer of trace evidence between two objects.
c. Transfer theory
217
36. The internal resistance to flow exhibited by a fluid.
b. viscosity
218
37. This is the original chemical test for the detection of the spatial distribution of nitrites in gunpowder
residue.
d. Walker test
219
39. The study of the occurrence and distribution of disease among people.
c. epidemiology
220
40. It is the gas blown out of the lungs during
respiration, product of complete combustion of carbon containing compounds, and the end result of fermentation and decomposition of organic matters.
b. carbon dioxide
220
38. The measured amount of a chemical that is
administered at one time, or that an organism is
exposed to in a defined period of time.
a. dosage
221
41. This portion of criminal investigation is beyond the scope of a physician's duty. The expert analyst or a toxicologist is much more in the position to perform the
work.
b. chemical analysis
222
42. This reagent turns blue-purple in the presence of LSD. However, owing to the extremely small quantities
of LSD in illicit preparations, this test is difficult to conduct under field conditions.
c. Van Urk Test
223
43. The specimen that is preferably used in the
determination of abused drugs in the body is:
d. Urine
224
44. This develops a few minutes after the initial dose of alcoholic drink has been absorbed and has reachedthe central nervous system. It is characterized by a feeling of wellbeing and slight excitation. The actions, speech and emotion are less strained. Self-confidence develops, as well as blunting of self-criticism, self- consciousness and self-control.
b. stage of excitement
225
45. Highly irritant substance that causes local
distraction of tissues and characterized by nausea, vomiting and great local distress.
c. corrosive poisons
226
46. These are also called blasting agents. They are so insensitive to shock that they cannot be reliably detonated.
c. tertiary explosive
226
47. It refers to a substance which relieves or reduces fever.
c. antipyretic
227
48. Condition resulting from insufficient intake of oxygen: symptoms include breathing difficulty, impairment of senses, and, in extreme, convulsions, unconsciousness and death.
c. asphyxia
227
49. Post-mortem examination of the organs and body tissue to determine cause of death or pathological condition.
b. autopsy
228
50. Poisonous fluid secreted by animals such as
snakes and scorpions and typically injected into prey or aggressors by biting or stinging.
b. venom
229
51. This is one of the byproducts of complete
combustion of the gunpowder and other elements with the propellant. It is light, almost black, and lack sufficient force to penetrate the skin. It is merely deposited on the target and readily wiped off.
c. smoke
229
52. The use of scientific evidence to estimate the
likelihood of adverse effects on the health of
individuals or populations from exposure to
hazardous materials and conditions.
c. risk assessment
230
53. This is a substance intended to kill plants.
d. herbicide
230
54. The following are the microchemical tests for blood, except:
a. Teichmann Hemin Reaction/Teichman
Test/Haemin Crystal Test
b. Haemochromogen Crystal Test Or Takayama Test
c. Acetone-Haemin Test
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
231
55. This is the act of drawing in of air, vapor or gas and any suspended particulates into the lung.
c. inhalation
232
56. This is a substance that causes evacuation of the intestinal contents.
b. laxative
233
57. A substance that is chemically harmful to the cells of the kidney.
c. nephrotoxic
234
58. This is the ability to withstand the effect of various factors including potentially toxic substances.
c. resistance
235
59. Watery proteinaceous portion of the blood that remains after clotting.
b. serum
236
60. Action of a drug other than that desired for
beneficial pharmacological effect.
c. side-effect
237
61. That branch of chemistry, which deals with the application of chemical principles in the solution of problems that arise in connection with the administration of justice. It is chemistry applied in the elucidation of legal problems. It is chemistry used in courts of law. Chemistry belonging to the court of law.
a. forensic chemistry
238
63. These are known specimens to compare with the questioned needed to aid in establishing a suspect’s relationship to the crime under investigation.
a. standard specimen
238
62. Are articles and materials which are found in
connection with an investigation and which aid in establishing the identity of the perpetrator of the circumstances under which the crime was committed or which in general assist in the prosecution of the
criminal.
d. physical evidence
239
64. The following are the primary reasons which maycontribute to the disaster of evidence/specimen, except:
a. Improper packing of specimen
b. Failure of identification of specimen
c. Proper precautions are used in transmitting
the specimen
d. Lack of precautions to prevent tampering of the
specimen
c. Proper precautions are used in transmitting
the specimen
240
241
65. This test is used to determine whether the stain contains blood or another substance. This also determines whether visible stains do or do not contain blood. It is used to demonstrate the presence of blood.
d. preliminary test
242
66. Is a viscid whitish fluid of the male reproductive track containing spermatozoa suspended in scissions of accessory glands.
c. semen
243
67. Below are the possible locations of nitrates when black powder and smokeless powder explode, except:
a. residue of the barrel of the gun.
b. in or around the wound
c. on the clothes of the witness far from the
vicinity
d. on the exposed surface of the hand of the person firing the gun
c. on the clothes of the witness far from the
vicinity
244
68. This test is used to determine the presence of nitrates, or whether a person has fired a gun or not.
a. paraffin test
245
69. This is a specialized epithelial outgrowth of the skin which occurs everywhere on the human body except on the palm of the hands and the soles of the feet.
a. skin
b. ridges
c. hair
d. organs
c. hair
246
70. What substance makes our blood red?
a. hemoglobin
247
71. This is a test that determines whether fiber is
mineral, animal or vegetable. A single fiber is applied with flame at one end and the following are noted: manner of burning, odor of fumes and appearance of burnt end.
c. ignition test
248
72. It is the art of extracting and working on metals by the application of chemical and physical knowledge.
c. metallurgy
249
73. This is a branch of geology that deals with the systematic classification and identification of rocks, rock forming minerals and soil. Also includes study of dust, dirt, safe insulation, ceramics and other such materials, both natural and artificial.
a. petrography
250
74. A test where a positive result is color purple in the presence of heroin and morphine as well as most opium derivatives. The test will also produce an orange-brown color when mixed with amphetamine
and methamphetamine.
a. Marquis Test
251
75. The normal quantity of seminal fluid in a single ejaculation.
b. 1.5 – 3.5 ml
252
76. __________________ was the first poison for
which analytical test called Marsh Test was developed.
a. arsenic
253
77. The scope of forensic chemistry includes the
following, except:
a. it includes the legal side of criminal
investigation
b. it includes the analysis of any material, the quality
of which may give rise to legal proceeding
c. it is not limited to purely chemical questions involved in legal proceedings
d. it has invaded other branches of forensic sciences
notably legal medicine, ballistics, questioned
documents, dactyloscopy, and photography.
a. it includes the legal side of criminal
investigation
254
78. Below are the roles of the forensic chemist in the scientific criminal investigation, except:
a. Determining whether or not a place/ location is a clandestine laboratory.
b. Examination of marked bills/ suspects during
entrapment (extortion case)
c. Taking paraffin test.
d. Filing the case in court.
d. Filing the case in court.
255
79. Police Lieutenant Alvarez conducts a test that will possibly identify blood or determines whether the stains contain blood. This test is called:
d. Preliminary
256
80. The following are the four stages of work of a
forensic chemist, except:
a. Collection or reception of the specimen or evidence
to be examined
b. The actual examination of the specimen
c. Communication of results of the examinations
d. Deciding the outcome of the examinations
d. Deciding the outcome of the examinations
257
81. It has been called as the circulating tissue of the body.
c. Blood
258
82. Substances or agents that produces vomiting.
b. Emetics
259
83. Which of the following is not included in the proper way of collecting and preserving hair as evidence?
c. Secure the hair samples to a piece of paper by
using scotch tape
260
84. Explosives that detonate or moves faster through the material than the speed of sound are called:
a. high explosives
261
85. This refers to the escape of whole blood from a blood vessel. Abnormal internal or external bleeding. May be venous, arterial, or capillary from blood vessels
into the tissues, or into or from the body.
d. hemorrhage
262
86. Type of poisoning in which the victim voluntarily took the poison for the purpose of taking his own life.
a. Suicidal poisoning
263
87. It is a colorless transparent, volatile liquid with aromatic odor and with boiling point at 78°C. Like any other types of alcohol, it is formed out of the fermentation of various carbohydrates in grains, fruits or flowers, and from other materials subjected to and
isolated by distillation.
b. Ethyl alcohol
264
88. The firearm is held a very short distance from the skin/target, generally less than 6 inches.
a. contact range
b. near contact range
c. distant range
d. any of these
265
89. A branch of science that treats of the form and quantity of medicine to be administered within a certain period.
d. posology
266
90. Substance used mainly to repel blood sucking insects in order to protect man and animals: also used to repel mammals, birds, rodents, mites, plant pests,
etc.
b. repellent
267
92. It is a yellow-colored liquid and comprises about 55% of the blood.
d. plasma
267
91. This is sometimes called the "silent killer", it is a colorless gas, insoluble in water and alcohol. When inhaled it combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin.
a. carbon monoxide
268
93. Gunshot residue examinations are performed to help the investigators in determining the following, except:
a. whether a person has discharged a firearm or not
b. whether a firearm was discharged or not
c. the possible gunshot range or the distance of the
shooter from the victim
d. the possible age or efficiency of the firearm
d. the possible age or efficiency of the firearm
269
94. It is one of the most toxic and rapid acting gases. It is formed by addition of acid to potassium or sodium salt of cyanide. It is naturally found in leaves of cherry-
laurel, in bitter almond, in kernels of common cherry, plum, peaches, in ordinary bamboo shoots, and in certain oil seed and beans.
d. hydrogen cyanide
270
95. A poisonous substance isolated from the skin of poisonous frogs.
d. bufotoxin
271
96. Body fluids routinely tested because they are good
sources of cells.
d. semen and blood
272
97. A powerful tool in identification which points to the
source of biological evidence by matching it with
samples from the victims, suspects and their relatives.
a. DNA profiling
273
98. Mr. A has been found to have low sperm count. His
condition is known as:
b. oligospermia
274
99. In what mode of administration can poison be
rapidly absorbed?
d. injection
275
100. The application of chemical principles and
processes in the examination of evidence.
d. forensic chemistry
