CDI 1 TO 6 Flashcards
- Which of the following is not one of the forms ofinformation the investigator obtained from regular, cultivatedor grapevine sources?a. Sensory c. Concreteb. Written d. Physical forms
c. Concrete
- Coerced and uncounseled statements are consideredinvoluntary or forced confessions which are usually:
b. Extra judicial
- Which of the following is not an element of corpus delicti?a. Proof of the occurrence of certain eventb. Person’s criminal responsibility for the actsc. Additional evidence of a different character to thesame pointd. Proper chain of custody
c. Additional evidence of a different character to thesame point
- An act or declaration made in the presence and withinthe hearing or observation of a party who does or saysnothing, when the act or declaration naturally calls for actionif comment is not true.
a. Admission by Silence
- Statement no. 1. Confession is a voluntary statement, either oral or written, made by a person charged with the commission of a crime which he admits participation in, or commission of, the criminal act. It cannot be implied. It shouldbe direct and positive acknowledgment of guilt.Statement no. 2 Admission is a statement by the accused regarding facts pertinent to the crime. It tends, in connection with the proof of other facts, to prove the suspect’s guilt. It can be implied.
c. Statements No. 1 and 2 are both true
- Which of the following need not be present in order toprove the guilt of the accused by means of confession oradmission?a. Confession must be supported by corroborative evidenceb. Corpus delicti must be established separatelyc. Confession must be voluntarily and freely givend. Confession must be ratified by the judge or the fiscal
d. Confession must be ratified by the judge or the fiscal
- A person who, by social or professional position possesses or has access to information of continuing interest, willingly provides information to the police either in response to a specific request or his own initiative.
b. Casual informant
- Covert observation of a person, place, or things by humanor technical means to acquire information.
a. Surveillance
- This is also called “roping”, an investigation technique in which the operative conceals his true identity and adopts an assumed role to obtain information or accomplish a specific mission.
a. Undercover assignment
- What is the type of reasoning in which the collected information is analyzed carefully to develop a theory of the crime.
a. Inductive
- Statement no. 1. In the reconstruction of a crime, theinvestigator’s rational theory of the crime may begin with deductivelogic and later on inductive logic;Statement no. 2. A rational theory of crime is more than a learnedguess, but less than certainty and has very high order of probability.
c. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both true
- Statement no. 1. In Physical of reconstruction, the physicalappearance of the crime scene is reconstructed from the description ofthe witnesses and the indication of the physical evidence.Statement no. 2. In mental reconstruction after physical reconstruction,conclusions are made about the consistency of the accounts of thevarious witnesses. No assumption is made without supporting
c. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both correct
- After reconstructing the crime scene, the following are the minimalrequirements to be observed by the investigator to insure admissibilityof photographs in court:a. The object which is represented should not be immaterial or irrelevantb. The photograph should not unduly incite prejudice and sympathyc. The photograph shouldd. All of the above
d. All of the above
- Statement No. 1- The systematic procedure for verbaldescription of a person after a short period of visualobservation is termed Portrait Parle;Statement No. 2- Description of police characters which awitness may refer and that is kept by police unit for purpose ofreferences is Rogue’s Gallerya. Statement No. 1 is correct while statement No. 2 is incorrectb. Statement No. 2 is correct while statement 1 is incorrectc. Statement No.1 and 2 are both correctd. Statement No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
c. Statement No.1 and 2 are both correct
- Statement no. 1-Tagging of physical evidence aside fromthe marking should be made immediately after receipt by theevidence custodianStatement no. 2- Marking or labeling of physical evidenceshould be made at the crime scene upon collection.a. Statement No. 1 is correctb. Statement No. 2 is correctc. Statement No.1 and 2 are both correctd. Statement No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
b. Statement No. 2 is correct
- Under Republic Act 7438, when does the police custody of suspect to a crime commence, hence the latter is entitled to be informed of his rights under the Miranda doctrine which cannot be waived?a. At the time of custodial investigationb. During the actual questioningc. During the announcement that he is under arrestd. At the moment that he is invited for questioning
d. At the moment that he is invited for questioning
- Statement no. 1- In spiral method of search, the searchersgather at the center, and proceed outward along radius orspokes.Statement no. 2- In wheel method, the searchers follow eachother along the path of a spiral, beginning on the outside andspiraling toward the center.a. Statement No. 1 is correctb. Statement No. 2 is incorrectc. Statements No.1 and 2 are both correctd. Statements No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
d. Statements No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
- “Eavesdropping the crime scene” means:
c. Playing the role of a curious spectator and mix withthe crowd to listen to their conversation
- Criminal investigative activities virtually deals with:a. Recognition and collection of facts which may be sensory, documentary and physical formsb. Preservation and evaluation of information gathered fromthe regular, cultivated and grapevine sourcesc. Persons and thingsd. A and B only
c. Persons and things
- This is known as the Anti-Hazing Law:
A. RA 8049
- This is the first that an investigator must do upon hisarrival at the scene of the crime:
C. Interview ofwitness
- A case wherein the violation of law or ordinances has justbeen unearthed or discovered and the suspect and witness arestill emotionally affected, upset, or shocked.
a. Hot case
- This law is known as the “ Rape Victim Assistance andprotection Act of 1998”.
b. RA 8505
- A quality of good report where it should be a true representation of facts (correctness) to the best of the investigator’s ability.
a. Accuracy
- It is the part of the investigation report that gives a brief summary of the major investigation steps accomplished
b. Synopsis
Same kind and same point
Cummulative evidence
Different kind of evidence and same point
Corroborative evidence
Specific information to general theory
Inductive
General theory to specific information
Deductive
- After identifying, collecting and preserving informationgathered about the crime, the investigator shall_______________ such information to determine whether itcan stand prosecution and trial.
d. Evaluate
- Through this tool of criminal investigation tangible thingsmay be used to detect crimes, identify the criminals, facilitate,and assist the investigator in its task in achieving theobjectives of criminal investigation.
c. Instrumentation
- Which phase of criminal Investigation will the investigatorapprise the person of his rights under Republic Act 7438?a. During the identification of criminal offenderb. During the arrest, detention and interrogation of theoffenderc. During the gathering of evidence to prove the guilt ofcriminal offenderd. During police line-up
b. During the arrest, detention and interrogation of theoffender
- What specific offense has been committed? Who committedit? When was it committed? Where was it committed? Why wasit committed? And how was it committed? These are called the_______________________ of criminal investigation.
a. Cardinal Points
- One of the stages of criminal investigation is the identification of criminals, which can be done in any or acombination of the following, except:a. By confession or admission by the criminalb. By corpus delictic. By circumstantial evidenced. By eyewitness
b. By corpus delicti
- Coerced and uncounseled statements are consideredinvoluntary or forced confessions which are usually:
b. Extra judicial
- After apprising him of his rights under Republic Act 7438,Gino Aquino was invited and interrogated for the crime ofmurder. He executed an extra-judicial confessionacknowledging his guilt to the crime charged. What is theeffect of such confession to his case?
a. It can be used as evidence against him
- Which of the following is not an element of corpus delicti?a. Proof of the occurrence of certain eventb. Person’s criminal responsibility for the actsc. Additional evidence of a different character to thesame pointd. Proper chain of custody
c. Additional evidence of a different character to thesame point
- An act or declaration made in the presence and withinthe hearing or observation of a party who does or saysnothing, when the act or declaration naturally calls for actionif comment is not true.
a. Admission by Silence
- In this process, written confession of the accused is usedas a script in describing events of the crime. This strengthensthe prosecutor’s case and serves to convince the judge thatthe accused was not maltreated nor affected by sinister
b. Crime reenactment
- Statement no. 1. Confession is a voluntary statement,either oral or written, made by a person charged with thecommission of a crime which he admits participation in, orcommission of, the criminal act. It cannot be implied. It shouldbe direct and positive acknowledgment of guilt.Statement no. 2 Admission is a statement by the accusedregarding facts pertinent to the crime. It tends, in connectionwith the proof of other facts, to prove the suspect’s guilt. Itcan be implied.a. Statement No. 1 is true while statement no. 2 is falseb. Statement No. 1 is false while statement no. 2 is truec. Statements No. 1 and 2 are both trued. Statements No. 1 and 2 are both false
c. Statements No. 1 and 2 are both true
- Which of the following need not be present in order to prove the guilt of the accused by means of confession or admission?a. Confession must be supported by corroborative evidenceb. Corpus delicti must be established separatelyc. Confession must be voluntarily and freely givend. Confession must be ratified by the judge or the fiscal
d. Confession must be ratified by the judge or the fiscal
- Assume that you are an investigator who investigates a murder case perpetrated by an unknown suspect. A person in the name of Ruel, a call center agent, saw the crime and he is willing to identify the suspect. Which of the following methods will you not utilize to establish the identity of the suspect?a. Verbal Description and Rogue’s Galleryb. General Photographs and Cartographic Sketchc. Police Line-upd. Systematic interview that may lead to the identity of a known criminals
d. Systematic interview that may lead to the identity of a known criminals
- You are an investigator of a suspected rape-slaying casewhich was allegedly witnessed by a certain person whovolunteered to identify and testify against the perpetrator.What are the factors that you should not consider todetermine the accuracy of his identification of the suspect?a. His ability to observe and remember the distinct appearanceof the suspectb. The prevailing conditions of visibility and observation whenthe crime was committedc. His state of mind when he witnessed thecommission of the crimed. The lapse of time between the criminal event and whenidentification was made
c. His state of mind when he witnessed thecommission of the crime
- Circumstantial Evidence is evidence that indirectly proves afact in issue through an inference which fact-finder draws fromthe evidence presented. It is sufficient to produce theconviction of the accused if:a. There are more than one circumstances presentb. The facts from which the inferences derived are provenc. The combination of all the circumstances is such as toproduce a conviction beyond reasonable doubtAll of the above
All of the above
- A person who, by social or professional position possessesor has access to information of continuing interest, willinglyprovides information to the police either in response to aspecific request or his own initiative.
b. Casual informant
- Covert observation of a person, place, or things by humanor technical means to acquire information.
a. Surveillance
- In this method of shadowing, operatives are stationed at afixed point assuming that subject follows the same generalroute each day.
b. Leap Frog Method
- This is also called “roping”, an investigation technique inwhich the operative conceals his true identity and adopts anassumed role to obtain information or accomplish a specificmission.
a. Undercover assignment
- You are an investigator tasked to investigate a suspected murdercase which the there is no known suspect, no witnesses nor any othercircumstantial evidence, except physical evidence. Where can you getthese pieces of evidence that may lead you to the identity of the suspect?
a. The Crime Scene
- You were an investigator who tries to reconstruct thecrime scene. What are the components of the crime scenesituation which you would analyze?a. The suspect’s arrival at the scene and place of entryb. Movement of the suspect from point of entry and hiscontact with the victimc. The suspect’s place of exitd. All of the above
d. All of the above
- What is the type of reasoning in which the collected information isanalyzed carefully to develop a theory of the crime.
a. Inductive
- Statement no. 1. In the reconstruction of a crime, theinvestigator’s rational theory of the crime may begin with deductivelogic and later on inductive logic;Statement no. 2. A rational theory of crime is more than a learnedguess, but less than certainty and has very high order of probability.a. Statement no. 1 is true while statement no. 2 is falseb. Statement no. 1 is false while statement no. 2 is truec. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both trued. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both false
c. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both true
- Statement no. 1. In Physical of reconstruction, the physicalappearance of the crime scene is reconstructed from the description ofthe witnesses and the indication of the physical evidence.Statement no. 2. In mental reconstruction after physical reconstruction,conclusions are made about the consistency of the accounts of thevarious witnesses. No assumption is made without supportingevidence.a. Statement no. 1 is correctb. Statement no. 2 is incorrectc. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both correctd. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both incorrect
c. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both correct
- After reconstructing the crime scene, the following are the minimalrequirements to be observed by the investigator to insure admissibilityof photographs in court:a. The object which is represented should not be immaterial orirrelevantb. The photograph should not unduly incite prejudice and sympathyc. The photograph should be free from distortiond. All of the above
d. All of the above
- Republic Act No. 7438 defines immediate members of thefamily are as follows, except:a. Spouse, fiancé/fiancée, parents, child, brother or sisterb. Grandparents, grandson/daughter, greatgranddaughter/grandsonc. Uncle, aunt, guardian, wardd. Relatives, intimate friends and best friends
d. Relatives, intimate friends and best friends
- The interview of a witness can be described by the acronym IRONIC, which stands for:
d. Identity, Rapport, Opening statement, Narration,Inquiry, Conclusion
- Which one is not a means of recording crime a scene?
d. Surveying
- Application of all procedures for the search of missingpersons.
b. Tracing
- Physical evidence are contaminated, altered of shape,damaged or lost because of:a. Improper packagingb. Corruption of investigatorc. Non-maintenance of chain of custodyd. A and C are true
d. A and C are true
- Statement No. 1- The systematic procedure for verbaldescription of a person after a short period of visualobservation is termed Portrait Parle;Statement No. 2- Description of police characters which awitness may refer and that is kept by police unit for purpose ofreferences is Rogue’s Gallerya. Statement No. 1 is correct while statement No. 2 is incorrectb. Statement No. 2 is correct while statement 1 is incorrectc. Statement No.1 and 2 are both correctd. Statement No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
c. Statement No.1 and 2 are both correct
- Statement no. 1-Tagging of physical evidence aside fromthe marking should be made immediately after receipt by theevidence custodianStatement no. 2- Marking or labeling of physical evidenceshould be made at the crime scene upon collection.a. Statement No. 1 is correctb. Statement No. 2 is correctc. Statement No.1 and 2 are both correctd. Statement No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
b. Statement No. 2 is correct
- Under Republic Act 7438, when does the police custodyof suspect to a crime commence, hence the latter is entitled tobe informed of his rights under the Miranda doctrine whichcannot be waived?a. At the time of custodial investigationb. During the actual questioningc. During the announcement that he is under arrestd. At the moment that he is invited for questioning
d. At the moment that he is invited for questioning
- What is the principal psychological factor that contributesto a successful interrogation?
a. Privacy
- Statement no. 1- In spiral method of search, the searchersgather at the center, and proceed outward along radius orspokes.Statement no. 2- In wheel method, the searchers follow eachother along the path of a spiral, beginning on the outside andspiraling toward the center.a. Statement No. 1 is correctb. Statement No. 2 is incorrectc. Statements No.1 and 2 are both correctd. Statements No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
d. Statements No.1 and 2 are both incorrect
- “Eavesdropping the crime scene” means:
c. Playing the role of a curious spectator and mix withthe crowd to listen to their conversation
- Criminal investigative activities virtually deals with:
c. Persons and things
- You are a police officer responding to a crime which there is a dyingperson. You will obtain dying declaration from him. Which of thefollowing is not one of your duties in regard to dying declaration?
c. Attempt to save the life of the victim
- This is known as the Anti-Hazing Law:
A. RA 8049
- The notion which declares that human behavior tends torepeat itself, can serve as basis of the investigator indetermining:
B. Modus operandi
- This is the first that an investigator must do upon hisarrival at the scene of the crime:
C. Interview ofwitness
- It is one of the oldest methods of suspect identification:
A. Cartographic sketch
- You are Criminologist-Police Commissioned Officer wholeads the execution of a valid search warrant. Who must bepresent when a valid search warrant is conducted on adomicile?A. The house ownerB. Any member of the house owner’s familyC. Two witnesses residing in the same communityD. All of the above
D. All of the above
- In Exclusionary Rules on Evidence, evidence obtained inviolation of any of these is inadmissible, except one.a. Rights against unreasonable search and seizuresb. Right to privacy and communication and correspondencec. In-custodial investigation rights and right against self-incriminationd. Right to counsel
d. Right to counsel
- A case wherein the violation of law or ordinances has justbeen unearthed or discovered and the suspect and witness arestill emotionally affected, upset, or shocked.
a. Hot case
- This law is known as the “ Rape Victim Assistance andprotection Act of 1998”.
b. RA 8505
- Why does the dead body of the victim of violence need to bephotographed after its removal from the crime scene?
b. To identify the victim and have close-up picture of thewounds
- The photographs to be taken at the scene of the crime are thefollowing, except:a. Over-All and environment’s photographb. Photographs of articles of evidence and photographs of thedeceasedc. Photographs of the scene of the crime operatives showingtheir identityd. Special technique photographs of the body after removal
c. Photographs of the scene of the crime operatives showingtheir identity
- It supplements photographs of the crime scene and considered tobe the simplest and the most effective way of showing actualmeasurements and of identifying significant items of evidence in theirlocation at the scene.
a. Crime scene sketch
- In searching for physical evidence at the crime scene,the following types of search could be used dependingupon locale, number of personnel available, type of objectsought and speed desired, except:a. Strip and double strip or grid searchb. Zone searchc. Rectangular and circular searchd. Spiral and wheel search
c. Rectangular and circular search
- Which of the following must be done to maintain thephysical integrity of evidence?
d. Identify, tag and seal the evidence
- Which of the following must be done to maintain thelegal integrity of evidence?
b. Maintain its chain of custody
- The methodology involving the systematic searching,handling, distribution and accountability of all evidencefound at the crime scene, including the documentation ofevery article of evidence from the point of initial discoveryat the scene, to its collection and transport to the point ofexamination, its temporary storage and its final disposal isreferred to us.
d. Chainof custody
- To prove the chain of custody of evidence, thefollowing must be demonstrated, except:a. The evidence must be free from alteration,contamination and switchingb. The evidence offered is the same evidence found at thescene
d. Any change in the condition of the evidence canbe explained
- Which of the following is not one of the questioningtechniques that should be utilized in interrogation?a. Chronological c. Going backwardb. General to specific d. Goingupward
d. Goingupward
- In questioning a witness, the ideal type of writtenstatement is:a. Narrative type because it is easier and will be shortb. Question and answer because it provides detailsof actsc. Combination of the twod. Your convenient type
b. Question and answer because it provides detailsof acts
- Jessie was invited by the NBI operatives to answerquestions pertinent to the murder case being investigated.After the questioning at the NBI Headquarters however,he was held for further questioning and considered him asuspect already. Persons who can visit him are as follow,except:a. Lovers, friends and countrymenb. Immediate member of his familyc. Any medical doctor, priest or religious ministerd. Personnel of the C.H.R.
a. Lovers, friends and countrymen
- Crimes involving destruction of life, except:a. Mutilation serious physical injuries and rapeb. Duel, abortion and infanticidec. Homicide and murderd. Parricide
a. Mutilation serious physical injuries and rape
- Vincent killed his adopter after the rendition of judgment of the petition foradoption. What was the crime committed by Vincent?
c. Homicide
- Principles in homicide investigation that should be borne in mind are thatmistakes of the homicide investigator cannot be corrected and thehomicide investigator should not cross the three bridges which heburns behind him. Which of the following is not one of the so called“Burned bridges”?a. When the dead person has been movedb. When the dead body has been embalmedc. When the dead body has been contaminated and thechain of custody was not properly accountedd. When the body is burned or cremated
c. When the dead body has been contaminated and thechain of custody was not properly accounted
- This is considered to be the beginning of any homicideinvestigation.
a. Process of establishing the accurate cause of death
- In a case of dead person, when should autopsy be performed?
b. At once, when there is the slightest reason to suspectthe probability of homicide
- Which of the following is the primary role of the investigatorupon arrival at the homicide scene?a. Verification of the victim’s deathb. Identification of the person who is responsible for the deathc. Call a physician for the proper declaration of deathd. All of the above
a. Verification of the victim’s death
- Legally, when does death considered to have occurred?
d. All of the above
- You were a police officer who responded in a violent crime justrecently occurred. How would you determine signs of death?a. By detecting signs of breathing and respiratory movementb. By hearing heart soundsc. By applying pressure in the fingernails of a persond. Any of the above
d. Any of the above
- The following are the uses of physical evidence, except:a. Determine the cause of crimeb. Reconstruct the crimec. Identify the participantsd. Confirm or discredit an alibi
a. Determine the cause of crime
- In order to introduce physical evidence in trial, three importantfactors may be considered, except:a. The article must be properly identifiedb. Continuity or chain of custodyc. Legality of the procurementd. Competency must be proved, that the evidence is material andrelevant
c. Legality of the procurement
- Evidence of violence characterized by the removal of thesuperficial epithelial layer of the skin brought about by the frictionagainst a hard rough surface.
b. Abrasions
- Statement no. 1-The admissibility of dying declaration is notdependent on it being made in any particular form.Statement no. 2- Dying declaration has no definite form requiredand need not be under oath.a. Statement no. 1 is trueb. Statement no. 2 is falsec. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both trued. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both false
c. Statements no. 1 and 2 are both true
- Before the dead body is removed from the crime scene, theinvestigator must be sure that the following had already beenperformed:1. Crime scene search is made and sketch and photographsare taken.2. Possible witnesses are identified, leads taken intoconsiderations and relative position of the body was determined.3. Notes are properly taken; evidence are identified,collected and preserved.4. Close coordination between the medico-legal officer, theprosecutor and the homicide investigator was established.a. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3b. 1, 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4
- Below are the acts falling under rape by sexual assault, except:a. Inserting penis into another person’s mouthb. Inserting penis into another person’s anal orificec. Inserting penis while the woman is sleepingd Inserting any instrument or object, into the genital oranal orifice of another person.
c. Inserting penis while the woman is sleeping
- Post-mortem change that is characterized by thediscoloration of the body after death.
A. livor mortis
- What injury would a person sustain if he or she hasbeen hit in the head with a hard object?
A. lacerated wound
- This is the Anti-sexual Harassment Act of 1995:
B. RA 7877
- Which of the following body system coincides with thestopping of a mental organ function of a person to bemedically “dead”?
C. central nervous
- Identification of a dead body through examination ofthe teeth:
C. Forensicodontology
- This is known as the Anti-Plunder Act:
A. RA 7080
- Which of the following is not a crime against persons?
C. Abduction
- Which of the following is not one of the acts ofcommitting violation of domicile?
C. Search of the domicile without warrant
- Senior Police Officer II Melendez and Police Officer ICastillo arrested and detained Jose Ramos without anylegal basis for the crime of theft. When brought to theinquest prosecutor, the latter issued a release order. Whatcrime, if any, do the officers commit?
A. Arbitrary detention
- Any person who killed his father, mother or child,whether legitimate or illegitimate, or any of hisascendants, or his spouse, is guilty of what crime?
c. Parricide
- A and B are husband and wife. While working assecurity guard of Landbank, A felt sick one night anddecided to go home around midnight. He saw B havingsexual intercourse with their neighbor, C. A grabbed C andhacked the latter to death. As Criminologist-Investigatorwhat crime if any would you charged against A?
a. Homicide
- In attempted or frustrated homicide, the offendermust have the intent to kill the victim. If there is no intentto kill, the offender is liable for:
a. Physical injury
- Under RA 8294, the use of unlicensed firearm in thecommission of a crime is not considered as a separatecrime but shall be appreciated as a-
b. Mere aggravating circumstance
- X, a male, takes Y, another male, to a motel andthere, through threat and intimidation, succeeds ininserting his penis into the anus of Y. What crime, if any,does X commit?
b. Rape
- In what order would the steps be done by theinvestigator upon the finding of an evidential cigarettebutt?
C. 2, 3 and 1
- In the course of investigating the house where astabbing took place, police find what to be bloodstains onthe front door. Since the unknown perpetrator and thevictim who may die were both cut their identities need tobe established through the bloodstains. How will the policecollect the stains?
C. Scrap the stain into white paper using a cleanrazor blade
- Majority of the mistakes committed relative toevidence, take place:1. during periods of transportation2. in the collection of samples3. a contaminated sampling4. the wrong type material
D. 2 and 3
- Once the crime scene has been thoroughlydocumented and locations of evidence was noted, thecollection process begins and will usually starts with:
C. fragile evidence
- What is the final phase of crime scene investigation?
D. release of crime scene
- How can plaster cast and photograph be marked foridentification?
B. Marking at the back
- Which among the five human senses is considered themost objective?
D. Seeing
- How can identification be made on a decomposedcadaver?A. study his bones C. study his denturesB. study his skull D. all of these
D. all of these
- Known as an Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009.
a. RA 9775
- Philippine Act on Crimes Against InternationalHumanitarian Law, Genocide, and other Crimes againstHumanity.
b. RA 9851
- In the Exclusionary Rules on Evidence, evidenceobtained in violation of any of these is inadmissible, exceptone:a. Rights against unreasonable search and seizuresb. Right to privacy and communication andcorrespondencec. In-custodial investigation rights and right against self-incriminationd. Right to counsel
d. Right to counsel
- Builder of the first pyramid, he was considered as thefirst or earliest recorded medico legal expert.a. Antistius
b. Imhotep
- First chief medico legal officer of the PhilippineCommonwelth.
c. Dr. Gregorio T. Lantin
- Regarded as the Father of Forensic Medicine.
c. Paulus Zacchias
- Earliest known forensic pathologist or police surgeon,who performed the autopsy of Julius Caesar, reportingthat out of the 23 stab wounds, only one penetrated thechest cavity between the first and second rib which wasCaesar’s proximate cause of death.
a. Antistius
- First chief of the Medico Legal Division of the Bureau ofInvestigation.
d. Dr. Enrique V. delos Santos
- This states that the greater number of points ofsimilarities and variations between two persons, thegreater the probability of the conclusion to be accurate.
c. Law of multiplicity of evidence in identification
- Color of blood when exposed to the atmosphere.
c. Reddish-brown
- It has for its characteristics as, bright scarlet in color,with high oxygen content and leaves the blood vessel withpressure.
a. Arterial blood
- Dark red in color, with low oxygen content and usuallydoes not spill far from the wound.
b. Venous blood
- This blood contains a high number of deodorleinsbacillus, it does not clot and has acidic reactions.
c. Menstrual blood
- A condition in which foreign matters are introduced inthe blood stream blocking the blood circulation in the finercapillaries and arteries.
b. Embolism
- It is the disorder of the fluid balance due to peripheraldeficiency, characterized by the decreased blood volume,its flow, hemo-concentration and renal deficiency.
b. Shock
- Extravasations or loss of blood from the circulation dueto inflicted wounds in the cardio-vascular system.
c. Hemorrhage
- The growth and development of micro-organism in thelocation of the injury or wound.
a. Infection
- Effusion of blood into the tissue underneath the skindue to the rupture of blood vessels as a result of theapplication of a blunt force.
a. Contusion
- Wound produced to man-s instinctive reaction of self-preservation to repel attacks or an aggressor.
a. Defense wound
- A wound which resembles the shape or object of theinstrument which caused it.
c. Patterned wound
- Pulverization of the body into shape with the use of
b. Cremation
- Prescribed depth of a grave under P.D. 856, Section19 of the Code of Sanitation.
c. At least 1 and 1⁄2 meters deep
- A pers20. A person who died of a communicable disease mustbe buried with:on who died of a communicable disease mustbe buried with:
b. 12 hours after death, unless the health officerpermits extension
- A significant difference between the male and femaleskull is that in males, the supercialiary ridges are ______than compared with females.
a. Less sharp
- Female pelvis diameter is _______ compared withmale pelvis.
a. Greater
- How many minutes is necessary persistent cessationin respiration, circulation and brain function is sufficient todeclare a person clinically dead?
a. 10-15 minutes
- A simple test used to determine cessation ofrespiration by placing water or mercury in a container ontop of the chest of a person and no visible movement isnoticed.
a. Winslov test
- A muscular change characterized by the softness ofthe muscles and in which it no longer responds tomechanical or electrical stimulus due to the dissolution ofproteins.
b. Stage of secondary flaccidity
- In tropical countries, hair and nails are detached froma dead body in how many days?
a. 7
- Maggots are seen in dead bodies particularly in warmcountries within how many days from death?
c. 3
- Refers to a fracture where there is a break in the bone,loss of alignment of the affected bones and separation offragment bones.
c. Communicated fracture
- Bleeding usually in the cavity or organs in the body.
a. Internal hemorrhage
- Abrasion due to contact with a rough, hard object.
a. Imprint abrasion
- Reduction of oxygen in the blood.
a. Hypoxia
- In blood grouping, should there be no agglutinationwith either group A or B what would be the particularblood group of the sample?
d. Group O
- Average time for the stomach to empty its contentsafter meals.
b. 3 to 4 hours
- Period of time wherein human bones will not exhibitchanges.
b. 20 years
- It is the formation of a soft, friable and brownish whitegreasy substance in the soft fatty tissue after death.
d. Maceration
- A discoloration of the body after death when the bloodtends to pool in the blood vessels of the most dependentportions of the body and starts 20 to 30 minutes afterdeath and is completed by 12 hours.
b. Primary flaccidity
- Rate of growth of human hair.
a. 0.4 to 0.5 mm./day
- A person is considered dead if the rate of fall of bodytemperature is about:
b. 15 to 20 0F
- Sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused byinfections carried in the blood stream. It may followobstruction of the pancreatic duct and subsequentcongestion of the gland.
d. Acute pancreatitis
- A break or solution in the continuity of the skin.
a. Wound
- A collection of blood underneath the skin.
d. Hematoma
- A wound which inflicted in the body which is so seriousthat it will endanger one’s life.
b. Mortal wound
- A collection of blood underneath the skin.
d. Hematoma
- Straining or tearing of tendons, ligaments and muscles
causing skin discoloration and extreme pain.
a. Sprain
- It is a fracture wherein a break of the skin and bone
is evident.
d. fracture
- A displacement of the articular surface of the bone
without external wounds.
d. Dislocation
- In gunshot wounds, when there is evident burning of
tissues and blackening of the skin, it may be ascertained
that it is a near contact fire meaning that the distance of
the body to the gun is approximately:
a. 6 inches
- A physical injury which is found at the site and also
the opposite site of the application of force.
d. Coup and contre coup injury
- A physical injury found at the site of the application of
force.
b. Coup injury
- A wound produced by a blunt instrument such as log
c. Lacerated wound
- When the person was stabbed by an ice pick, what
wound would be exhibited?
a. Punctured wound
- Wound produced by a butcher’s knife.
c. Lacerated wound
- A condition of a woman who has had one or more
sexual experience but not had conceived a child.
d. Virgo-intacta
- Refers to the action of bacteria to a dead body.
d. Putrefaction
- A condition of exposure to cold temperature of certain
parts of the body which produces mechanical disruption of
cell structure characterized by cold stiffening and
diminished body temperature.
b. Frostbite
- Failure of adequate heat elimination related to the
breakdown of sweating mechanism.
b. Heat exhaustion
- In determining the sex by analyzing the skeleton,
which part is not used?
d. Tibia
- These are superficial punctuate contusions seen most
frequently at the side of the neck, overlaying or anterior
to the sternomostoid muscle, breast and other parts of the
body.
d. Love Bites
- A person who is devoid of oxygen for around 3 to 5
minutes would die, the cause of death would be:
a. Stupor
- Most effective method in determining sex of an
individual.
a. Gonodal test
- Its medico-legal importance is to approximate the time
of death.
d. Rigor mortis
- Defloration is the laceration of the hymen due to:
d. Sexual intercourse
- In cellular or molecular death, death of individual cell
occurs in:
b. 3 to 6 hours
- Most noticeable sign of death
d. Cessation of heart action and circulation
- It applies to disease or trauma kills, wherein there is
no chance for complication or sequelae to develop.
b. Immediate or primary cause of death
- An injury or disease which survived for a prolonged
interval which allowed the development of serious
suquelae which becomes the cause of death. It is usually
common to cases involving stab wounds.
a. Proximate cause of death or secondary cause of
death
- Their presence in the cadaver would indicate that
death has occurred more than 24 hours hence are useful
to proximate the time of death.
a. Flies
- A complete study of a dead body, undertaken by a
trained physician.
a. Autopsy
- Painful spasm of the vagina during sexual act.
c. Vaginismus
- After death, the metabolic process inside the body
ceases, heat is no longer produced and the body slowly
loses its temperature.
a. Algor mortis
- Transient loss of consciousness with temporary
cassation of the vital functions of the body.
c. Suspended animation
- Hair on the body surface is usually:
c. Fine
- Characterized by no breathing and heart action, chill
in the body and non-existent reflexes.
b. Coma
- If the length of the fetus is 45 cm., the age of the fetus
is______ months.
b. 9 months
- Death occurs when there is deep irreversible coma,
absence of electrical brain activity and complete cessation
of all the vital functions without possibility of resuscitation.
c. Brain death
- It occurs when there is a continuous and persistent
cessation of heart action and respiration. It is a condition
in which the physician and the members of the family
pronounce a person to be dead.
a. Cardio-respiratory Death
- This is the state of the body in which there is complete,
persistent and continuous cessation of the vital functions
of the brain, heart and lungs which maintain life and
health.
b. Somatic Death
- After cessation of the vital functions of the body there
is still animal life among individual cells. About three (3)
to six (6) hours later there is death of individual cells. This
is known as________.
b. Molecular Death
- This condition is not really death but merely a transient
loss of consciousness or temporary cessation of the vital
function of the body on the account of disease or external
stimulus or other forms or influence.
a. State of Suspended Animation
- In this test, a ligature is applied around the base of a
finger with moderate tightness. In a living person there
appears a bloodless zone at the site of the application of
the ligature. If such ligature is applied to the finger of a
dead man, there is no such change in color.
c. Magnus Test
- After death the metabolic process inside the body
ceases. No more heat is produced but the body loses
slowly its temperature, evaporation or by conduction to
the surrounding atmosphere. The progressive fall of the
body temperature is one of the most prominent signs of
death. This is known as_______.
c. Algor-Mortis
- It is the rise of temperature of the body after death
due to rapid and early putrefactive changes or some
internal changes.
c. Post-mortem Caloricity
- The muscles are relaxed and capable of contracting
when stimulated. The pupils are dilated, the sphincters are
relaxed, and there is incontinence of urination and
defecation.
a. Stage of Primary Flaccidity/Period of Muscular
Irritability
- The muscles become flaccid, and no longer capable of
responding to mechanical and chemical stimulus and the
reaction become alkaline.
c. Stage of Secondary Flaccidity/Secondary
Relaxation
- The whole body becomes rigid due to the contraction
of the muscles. This develops three to six hours after
death and may last from twenty-four to thirty-six hours.
b. Stage of Post Mortem Rigidity or Cadaveric
Rigidity or Rigor Mortis
- The stoppage of the heart action and the loss of blood
vessels cause the blood to be under the influence of
gravity. It begins to accumulate in the most dependent
portion of the body.
b. Livor Mortis
- The blood merely gravitated into the most dependent
portion of the body but still inside the blood vessels and
still fluid in form.
a. Hypostatic Lividity
- This appears during the later stage of its formation
when blood has coagulated inside the blood vessels or has
diffused into the tissues of the body.
b. Diffusion Lividity
- It is the breaking down of the complex proteins into
simpler components associated with the foul smelling
gases and accompanied by the change of color.
c. Putrefaction
- The dehydration of the whole body which results in
the shivering and preservation of the body.
c. Mummification
- This s a condition wherein the fatty tissues of the body
are transformed to soft brownish white substance known
as adipocere.
a. Saponification
- This is the softening of the tissues when in a fluid
medium is the absence of putrefactive microorganism
which is frequently observed in the death of fetus or utero.
a. Maceration
- An injury, disease or the combination of both injury
and disease responsible for initiating the trend or
physiological disturbance, brief or prolonged, which
produce the fatal termination.
a. Cause of Death
- This applies to cases when trauma or disease kill
quickly that there is no opportunity for sequel or
complication to develop.
c. Immediate Cause of Death
- The injury or disease was survived for a sufficiently
prolonged interval which permitted the development of
serious sequel which actually causes death.
d. Secondary Cause of Death
- It refers to the physiological derangement or
biochemical disturbance incompatible with life which is
initiated by the cause to death.
a. Mechanism of Death
- It is the explanation as to how the cause of death
came into being or how the cause of death arose.
b. Manner of Death
- The fatality is caused solely by disease.
a. Natural Death
- Death due to injury of any sort such as gunshot wound, stab, fracture, traumatic shock, etc.
b. Violent Death
- The so-called Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
a. CRIB Death
SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH
INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION
- It is the term used by authorities in securing an area
where crime occurred.
C. cordon
- ________ is the taking of a person into custody in order
that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an
offense. Rule 113, Sec 1.
A. arrest
- This is a person held in custody.
D. detainee
- It is a property or money given as surety that a person
released from custody will return at an appointed time.
B. bail
- It includes any questioning by law enforcement
authorities after a person is taken into custody or deprived
of his freedom in any significant manner.
A. custodial investigation
- It is the legal act of confiscating.
C. murder
- It is any person who, not falling within the provisions of
Article 246, shall kill another, without the attendance of
any of the circumstances enumerated in the next
preceding article, shall be deemed guilty of homicide and
be punished by reclusion temporal.
B. homicide
- It is another way of acquiring an information through a
pleasant manner.
D. interview
- It is a formal inquiry or systematic study. The action
of investigating something or someone; formal or
systematic examination or research.
A. investigation
- _______ is a person who conducts formal inquiry.
B. investigator
- It is the process of being questioned. A tool used to
collect an information.
C. interrogation
- It is the act of looking for a person or a thing.
C. search
- It refers to the tools or means by which investigators
attempt to explain everything that transcribed in the crime
scene.
A. instrumentation
- It is a warrant directing any peace officer to search
and seized.
D. search warrant
- It is a law enforcement authorities or investigating
officers who collects forensic evidence from the crime
scene.
B. SOCO
- It is a document from court ordering and directing a
peace officer to apprehend and detain any person whose
name will appear in warrant for him to answer matters
regarding the commission of a crime.
C. arrest warrant
- This refers to the issuance of invitation to the person
suspected to have committed a crime who at the same
time is brought before the custody of law in order to
answer matters regarding the commission of crime
without jeopardy to the liability of a person for a violations
he/she may commit.
A. criminal investigation and detention
- Without further delay, the executing officer of the
warrant must deliver the arrested person to the nearest
police station or jail.
D. arrest by virtue of warrant of arrest
- It is the document containing necessary information
about the confession of the person brought before the
custody of law prepared by the investigating officer.
B. custodial investigation report
- A point at which a check is performed by police officers
or any other law enforcers for security and safety
purposes.
C. checkpoint
- This is taking a person in custody under authority of
law.
B. warrant of arrest
- It a sudden invasion by police officers or officers of the
law.
D. raid
- A ______ is when a police make an arrest without a
warrant.
A. warrantless arrest
- This refers to the process of determining the sequence
of events about what occurred during and after the
commission of crime.
D. reconstruction
- This is a place where crime took place.
C. crime scene
- This refers to a person who is a member of the SOCO
team that takes lead during an investigation.
A. team leader
- This refers to a person who is responsible in receiving,
keeping and preserving of any evidence found by the
evidence collector in the crime scene.
B. evidence custodian
- It is the act of collecting or acquiring found evidence
at the crime scene that is relevant to the case and may
have value in the future.
D. collection of evidence
- This refers to the identification of evidence.
B. recognition of evidence
- It is the conduct of processes particularly in the
recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation and
recognition of evidence to include the identification and
interview and the arrest of suspect(s) at the crime scene.
A. crime scene investigation
- This is the act of documenting every piece of evidence
found in the crime scene. Observing proper labelling of
physical evidence by means of sketching, taking of
photographs or video recording.
C. documentation of evidence
- It is the one who conducts crime scene investigation
thoroughly over a case. CSI are the people who examine
crime scenes with distinct specialties.
D. crime scene investigator
- Without any assumption of its truth, it is a proposition
made as basis for reasoning.
B. hypothesis
- It is the act of determining its competence as an
evidence.
A. evaluation of evidence
- It is assessing the plausibility of hypothesis.
C. testing the hypothesis
- This involves police procedures not limited to; first
responder’s responsibility in the protection and
preservation of the CS, identification and assistance to
injured persons, recording names and location of hospital
where they will be evacuated, call for emergency
assistance; and etc…
A. crime scene response
- This may be subsequent places which may include the
victim’s home, suspect’s home, suspect’s vehicle, the road
between suspect’s home and the victim’s, or any
comparable indoor or outdoor area.
C. secondary
- _______ refers to the site of the original or first
criminal activity.
B. primary
- It is composed of many crime scenes. E.g. a gunshot
victim’s body dumped in a field represents the following
crime scenes within overall crime scene of the field; the
body, the body’s wounds, and the ground around the
body.
D. single microscopic crime scene
- The crime scene technician must ______ the first
officer who responded to the scene or the victim to the
determine the “hypothesis” of the case
B. interview
- The ________ are the trace evidence on the body, the
gunshot residue around the wound, and the tire tread
marks in the ground next to the body.
A. microscopic crime scene
- This is the third step in crime scene processing.
D. photograph
- This is the second step in crime scene processing.
C. examine
- Those are the one who use the `poker’ face who hide
their emotions by being expressionless.
A. withholders
- This are individuals who readily react to stimulus and
show it through facial expressions. These are the easiest
to deal with.
D. ever-ready expressors
- This describes those who demonstrate facial
expressions but contradict their true feelings.
C. substitute expressors
- ______ those who is said to wear their feeling on their
sleeves they show their face. Most investigators find this
kind difficult to deal with.
B. revealers
- It is the confession or final conclusive report.
C. conclusion
- _______ refers to the manner in which words are
spoken.
A. paralanguage
- _______ include movements of the eyes, expressions
on the face, movements of certain parts of the body (such
as hands and feet, and body posture.
B. kinetics or body motions
- This occurs during as well as after interrogation. It is
an ongoing assessment of the data to quality and quantity
and what is needed to further refine it, consolidate what’s
there, and focus for final conclusion or confession.
D. evaluate
- Keep question as simple as possible avoid confusing
questions.
C. simple question
- It refers to establishing a good communication in order
to proceed a cognitive interview.
B. build rapport