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Forelimb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the bones in the canine forelimb:

A
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2
Q

Identify the bones in the feline forelimb:

A
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3
Q

Identify the bones in the equine forelimb:
(ignore phalanges)

A
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4
Q

Identify the bones in the bovine forelimb:

A
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5
Q

Name numbers 1-8, the bony processes of the scapula:

A
  1. Supraspinous fossa
  2. Scapula spine
  3. Acromion
  4. Infraspinous fossa
  5. Supraglenoid tubercle
  6. Coracoid process
  7. Serrated face
  8. Subscapular fossa
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6
Q

Name numbers 9-22, the bony processes of the humorous:

A
  1. Glenoid cavity
  2. Greater tubercle
  3. Intertubercular groove
  4. Lesser tubercle
  5. Head
  6. Deltoid tuberosity
  7. Brachial groove
  8. Trees major tuberosity
  9. Lateral epicondyle
  10. Capitulum
  11. Trochlea
  12. Supratrochlear foramen
  13. Olecranon fossa
  14. Medial epicondyle
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7
Q

Name numbers 23-31, the bony processes of the ulna and radius:

A
  1. Articular circumference
  2. Neck
  3. Radial tuberosity
  4. Olecranon process!
  5. Coronoid process (lateral projection)
  6. Coronoid process (medial projection)
  7. Carpal articular surface
  8. Styloid process ulna
  9. Styloid process radius
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8
Q

Name the joints of the canine forelimb:

A
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9
Q

What are the layman terms for the following equine forelimb bones:
3rd Metacarpal
2nd + 4th Metacarpals
1st Phalanx
2nd Phalanx
3rd Phalanx

A

3rd Metacarpal = cannon bone
2nd + 4th Metacarpals = splint bones
1st Phalanx = long pastern bone
2nd Phalanx = short pastern bone
3rd Phalanx = coffin bone

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10
Q

Name the carpal, metacarpal and digital bones of this canines forelimb:

A
  1. radial carpal bone
  2. planar carpal bone
  3. accessory carpal bone
  4. first carpal bone
  5. second carpal bone
  6. third carpal bone
  7. fourth carpal bone
  8. first metacarpal bone
  9. second metacarpal bone
  10. third metacarpal bone
  11. fourth metacarpal bone
  12. firth metacarpal bone
  13. sesamoid bone
  14. dorsal sesamoid bones
  15. proximal sesamoid bones
  16. proximal phalanges (I - V)
  17. middle phalanges (II - V)
  18. distal phalanges (I - V)
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11
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the canine upper forelimb:

(ignore 14, 15)

A
  1. Trapezium
  2. Omotransverse
  3. Deltoid (2 parts)
  4. Brachialis
  5. Brachial triceps
  6. Deep pectoral
  7. Latissimus dorsi
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12
Q

Name the deeper muscles of the canine forelimb:

A
  1. Omotransverse
  2. Rhomboid
  3. Supraspinate
  4. Infraspinate
  5. Major teres
  6. Deltoid
  7. Brachial triceps
  8. Brachial
  9. Carpal + Digital extensor
  10. Carpal + Digital flexor
  11. Brachiocephalic
  12. Superficial pectoral
  13. Deep pectoral
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13
Q

Name the deep shoulder and arm muscles of the canine forelimb:

1 is lateral
2 is medial

(ignore 2, 8, 12, 14, 15)

A
  1. Rhomboid
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Deep pectoral
  4. Supraspinate
  5. Infraspinate
  6. Major teres
  7. Brachial triceps
    a. long head
    b. accessory head
    c. medial head
  8. Brachial
  9. Brachial bicep
  10. Subscapular
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14
Q

Name the muscles of the canine forearm and forefoot:

(ignore 2, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)

A
  1. Radial carpal extensor
  2. Common digital extensor
  3. Lateral digital extensor
  4. Lateral ulnar
  5. Long abductor of 1st digit
  6. Ulnar head of ulnar carpal flexor m.
  7. Humeral head of ulnar carpal flexor m.
  8. Superficial digital flexor
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15
Q

For each joint, list and identify the major ligaments that act to provide support:

A
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16
Q

Muscle - Trapezium

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Occipital bone, nuchal ligament
I: spine of scapula, acromion process, lateral clavicle
C: Elevates and retracts scapula

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17
Q

Muscle - Omotransversarius

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae/atlas
I: scapula spine
C: Pulls limb cranially

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18
Q

Muscle - Brachiocephalicus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Occipital bone
I: deltoid tuberosity of humorous
C: Extends shoulder

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19
Q

Muscle - Rhomboideus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Spine of thoracic vertebrae
I: Medial scapula border
C: Pulls scapula dorsally

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20
Q

Muscle - Latissimus dorsi

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
I: greater tuberosity of humorous
C: Adducts and extends shoulder

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21
Q

Muscle - Superficial Pectoral

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Sternum
I: Greater tubercle of humorous
C: Flexes shoulder, moves limb cranially

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22
Q

Muscle - Deep Pectoral

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Sternum
I: Lesser tubercle of humorous
C: Flexes shoulder, moves limb caudally

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23
Q

Muscle - Serratus ventralis

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Extrinsic muscle of forelimb
O: Ribs
I: Medial border of scapula
C: Draws scapula cranially

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24
Q

Muscle - Supraspinatus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder
O: Scapula supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humorous
C: Abducts shoulder

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25
Q

Muscle - Infraspinatus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder
O: Scapula infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humorous
C: Lateral rotation of shoulder

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26
Q

Muscle - Subscapularis

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder
O: Scapula subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humorous
C: Medial rotation of shoulder

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27
Q

Muscle - Deltoideus

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder
O: Spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humorous
C: Abducts shoulder

28
Q

Muscle - Teres major

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder
O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Intertubercular groove of humorous
C: Adducts + rotates shoulder

29
Q

Muscle - Triceps brachii (lateral, medial, long)

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: Intrinsic muscle of shoulder + elbow extensor
O: lateral - humorous lateral border, accessory - proximal caudal neck humorous, long - scapula caudal border
I: all - olecranon
C: extends elbow

30
Q

Muscle - Biceps brachii (long, short)

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: flexor of elbow
O: scapula greater tubercle
I: radial and ulnar tuberosity
C: flex elbow + extend shoulder

31
Q

Muscle - Brachialis

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: flexor of elbow
O: caudal neck humorous
I: medial aspect of radius and ulna
C: flex elbow

32
Q

Muscle - Extensor carpi radialis

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: extensor of carpus and digits
O: lateral epicondyle crest of humorous
I: small tuberosity of metacarpals 2 + 3
C: extension of carpus and digits, flex elbow

33
Q

Muscle - Common digital extensor

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: extensor of carpus and digits
O: lateral epicondyle of humorous
I: extensor process II-V
C: extension of digits II-V and carpus

34
Q

Muscle - Lateral digital extensor

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: extensor of carpus and digits
O: lateral epicondyle of humorous
I: extensor process II-V
C: extension of digits II-V and carpus joint

35
Q

Muscle - Extensor Carpi ulnaris

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: extensor of carpus and digits
O: lateral epicondyle of humorous
I: 5th metacarpal bone
C: extension of carpus and digits

36
Q

Muscle - Superficial digital flexor

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: flexor of carpus and digits
O: Supracondylar tubercule of the humerus
I: II - V metcarpophalangeal joints
C: flexor of carpus and digits

37
Q

Muscle - Deep digital flexor

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: flexor of carpus and digits
O: Caudal aspect of radius and ulna
I: Distal phalanges ll - V
C: flexor of carpus and digits

38
Q

Muscle - Flexor carpi ulnaris

Functional group:
Origin:
Insertion:
Contraction:

A

FG: flexor of carpus and digits
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent olecranon
I: Accessory carpal
C: flexor of carpus and digits

39
Q

What are the nerves of the forelimb?

A

Suprascapular
Subscapular
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar

40
Q

What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the suprascapular nerve?

A

C6 and 7

Supraspinate, infraspinate

41
Q

What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the subscapular nerve ?

A

C6 and 7

Subscapular

42
Q

What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the axillary nerve?

A

C7 and 8

Deltoid, teres major, minorteres, subscapular

43
Q

What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C6, 7 and 8

Brachia; biceps, coracobrachial, brachial mucles

44
Q

What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the radial nerve?

A

C7, 8 and T1

Brachial triceps, radial carpal extensor, lateral ulnar, supinator, common and lateral digital extensors

45
Q

What is the nerve root and the muscle groups supplied by the Median nerve?

A

C8, T1 and 2

Radial carpal flexor, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronator

46
Q

What is the nerve roots and muscles supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1 and 2

Ulnar carpal flexor, deep digital flexor

47
Q

Identify the nerves that supply muscles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10:

A
  1. Suprascapular
  2. Subscapular
  3. Axillary
  4. Musculocutaneous
  5. Radial
  6. Median
  7. Ulnar
48
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the caudal forearm skin?

A

Caudal cutaneous antebrachial

49
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the medial forearm skin?

A

Medial cutaneous antebrachial

50
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the cranial forearm skin?

A

Cranial cutaneous antebrachial

51
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the lateral forearm skin?

A

Lateral cutaneous antebrachial

52
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the caudal forearm and palmar paw?

A

Median sensory branches

53
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the palmar paw?

A

Ulnar sensory branches

54
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the dorsal forearm and paw?

A

Superficial radial

55
Q

Where do all nerves supplying the forelimb originate from?

A

The brachial plexus (last 3 cervical nerves - first 2 thoracic nerves)

56
Q

What does injury to the radial nerve at the proximal end of the humerus cause?

What does injury to the radial nerve at the region of the elbow cause?

A

Forelimb cannot give support to body a brachial triceps cannot extend the elbow

Carpus and digits cannot extend so dog supports weight on dorsal surface of the forefoot

57
Q

What are the main blood vessels that supply the limb?

What are the main blood vessels that drain the limb?

A

Supply - Axillary + brachial arteries

Drain - Brachial + Cephalic veins and Anterior Vena Cava

58
Q

What is the blood vessel in the forelimb commonly used for venous access?

A

Cephalic vein

59
Q

What muscles flex the shoulder?

What muscles extend the shoulder?

A

Flex: superficial pectoral, deep pectoral

Extend: brachiocephalicus, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii

60
Q

What muscles flex the elbow?

What muscles extend the elbow?

A

Flex: biceps brachii, brachialis, extensor carpi radialis

Extend: triceps brachii

61
Q

What muscles flex the carpus?

What muscles extend the carpus?

A

Flex: flexor carpi ulnaris, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor

Extend: extensor carpi ulnaris, lateral digital extensor, common digital extensor, extensor carpi radialis

62
Q

What muscles flex the digits?

What muscles extend the digits?

A

Flex: flexor carpi ulnaris, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor

Extend: extensor carpi ulnaris, lateral digital extensor, common digital extensor, extensor carpi radialis

63
Q

What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

NR = L 4, 5, 6
MG = sublumbar muscles and femoral quadriceps

64
Q

What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the obturator nerve?

A

NR = L 4, 5, 6
MG = adductors of hip

65
Q

What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the Gluteal nerve?

A

NR = L 6, 7 - S 1, 2
MG = flexor and extensor hip muscles

66
Q

What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the tibial nerve?

A

NR = L 6, 7 - S 1, 2
MG = hamstring, gastrocnemius, popliteal, caudal crural

67
Q

What are the nerve roots and what muscles/muscle groups are supplied by the peroneal nerve?

NMSK (18 decks)

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