Foreign Policy (HRE) Flashcards
When did Luther post his 95 theses in Wittenberg?
1517
Edict of Worms
1521 - Luther placed on an imperial ban and whoever helped him escape punishment was also reprimanded.
Who continued to protect Luther?
Elector Fredrick the Wise of Saxony
When was Ferdinand made Charles’s permanent HRE representative?
1522
When were edicts issued against Lutherans and anapabtists?
1525
When was the inquisition introduced to the HRE?
1522
When was the Diet at Nuremberg and what was the outcome?
1524 - authorities called upon to supress Lutheranism
When did Charles beat Francis for the HRE title?
1519
When were the Diets of Speyer and what was the general consensus by this time?
1526 and 1529 - changing tide as princes were unwilling to commit to either supress or support Lutheranism and therefore the movement was given breathing space.
When was the Schmalkaldic League formed and who were two of its leaders?
1531 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony and Philip the Landgrave of Hesse.
Augsburg Confession
1530 - presented by several princes at the Diet at Augsburg, outlining their religious beliefs and their desire to choose
Declaration of Ratisborn
July 1941 - granted protection to adherents of the Augsburg Confession and allowed secularisation of church property, reformation of monasteries and Lutherans were given imperial positions
Note : Charles gained nothing from this
doctrine of double justification of faith although later rejected by both luther and the papacy
When did Charles gain Tournai?
1521
Peace of Crepy
1544 - Charles renounced his claim to the duchy of Burgundy and Francis renounced his pretensions to Naples, Flanders, and Artois
Schmalkaldic War
July 1546 to May 1547 - between Charles and the Schmalkaldic League.
Battle of Muhlberg - Charles gained support of the Witttelsbachs and Maurice of Saxony (who was after the electorship) and mobilised an army of 25 000 under the Duke of Alba, defeating the Lutherans
Augsburg Interim
30th June 1548 - HRE ordered to readopt Catholicism however some concessions were made to Lutherans with regards to church discipline and worship hence why it satisfied no one
Peace of Nuremberg
May 1532 - general peace established whereby Lutherans were not to be persecuted for their beliefs
Treaties of Friedwald and Chambord
Freidwald (1551) and Chambord (1552) between the French and Schmalkaldic League - French provided military and financial support in exchange for Metz, toul and Verdun
Treaty of Passau
15th August 1552 - formally accepted Augsburg Confession and foreshadowed Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg
1555 - Lutheranism was given legal and official recognition within the empire and individual princes had the right to dictate their nation’s religion. This completely subverted Charles’s aims as HRE.
Who did Charles leave his HRE title to?
His brother Ferdinand
Was Spanish foreign policy regarding the HRE successful?
No because the Peace of Augsburg undermined any success he had had along the way - perhaps if he had attempted to squash the Lutheran threat earlier he wouldn’t have had such an issue.
