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MSK Exam I > Foot Muscles > Flashcards

Foot Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles are in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis

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2
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep fibular N

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3
Q

What are the attachment sites for extensor hallucis brevis?

A

O: common origin with extensor digitorum brevis
I: dorsal aspect of base of 1st proximal phalanx

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4
Q

What is the action of the extensor hallucis brevis muscle?

A

Extend the hallux at the metatarsophalangeal joint

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5
Q

What are the attachment sites for the extensor digitorum brevis muscle?

A

O: superolateral aspect of calcaneus and interosseous talocalcaneal L
I: lateral aspect of extensor digitorum longus tendon

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6
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle?

A

Extend digits 2-4

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7
Q

Which muscles are in the first layer of plantar muscles?

A

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi

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8
Q

What is the common origin site for layer 1 plantar muscles (abductor hallucis, FDB, and abductor digiti minimi)?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the insertion site for abductor hallucis muscle?

A

Medial aspect of the base of 1st proximal phalanx

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10
Q

What is the action of abductor hallucis?

A

Abduct and flex the hallux

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11
Q

What is the insertion site for flexor digitorum brevis?

A

2nd-5th digits (intermediate phalanges)

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12
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flex digits 2-5

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13
Q

What is the insertion site for abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral aspect of the base of 5th proximal phalanx

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14
Q

What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi muscle?

A

Abduct and flex 5th digit

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15
Q

Which muscles are located in the second layer of plantar muscles?

A

Quadratus plantae and lumbricals

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16
Q

What are the attachment sites for the quadratus plantae muscle?

A

O: plantar surface of the calcaneus
I: lateral aspect of FDL tendon

17
Q

What is the action of the quadratus plantae muscle?

A

Assist FDL in flexing digits 2-5

18
Q

What are the attachment sites for the lumbrical muscles?

A

O: FDL tendon
I: medial proximal phalanx of digits 2-5 and medial aspects of digital expansion on digits 2-5

19
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

20
Q

Which muscles are located in the 3rd layer of plantar muscles?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi and adductor hallucis

21
Q

What are the attachment sites for flexor hallucis brevis?

A

O: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I: base of 1st proximal phalanx

22
Q

What is the action of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle?

A

Flex 1st proximal phalanx

23
Q

What are the attachment sites for flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

O: base of 5th metatarsal
I: base of 5th proximal phalanx

24
Q

What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle?

A

Flex proximal phalanx of 5th digit

25
Q

What are the attachment sites for adductor hallucis?

A

Oblique head: bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
Transverse head: plantar metatarsophalangeal L
I: lateral aspect of the base of 1st proximal phalanx

26
Q

What is adductor hallucis’s action?

A

Adduct hallux

27
Q

Which muscles are located in the 4th plantar muscle layer?

A

Dorsal and plantar interossei

28
Q

What are the attachment sites for dorsal interossei muscles?

A

O: adjacent edges and bases of 1st-5th metatarsal
1st inserts on medial aspect of 2nd proximal phalanx
2-4 insert on lateral aspect of bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th proximal phalanges

29
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei muscles?

A

Abduct digits 2-4 (DAB)

Flex MP joint

30
Q

What are the attachment sites for plantar interossei muscles?

A

O: medial aspects and bases of of 3rd-5th metatarsals
I: medial aspect of bases of 3rd, 4th and 5th proximal phalanges

31
Q

What is the action of plantar interossei muscles?

A

Adduct digits 3-5 (PAD)

Flex MP joint

32
Q

How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?

A

4

33
Q

How many plantar interossei muscles are there?

A

3

34
Q

Which tendons are present in the 4th plantar muscle layer?

A

Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior tendons

35
Q

What is a unique feature of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle found in the 3rd layer?

A

It’s tendons have sesamoid bones that protect the first metatarsal head and tendon of FHL when standing and walking

36
Q

Which tendons are found in the second layer of plantar muscles?

A

Flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons

37
Q

What role do muscles of the sole of the foot (plantar muscles) play?

A

Help maintain foot arches and our ability to stand on uneven ground
Considered to be synergists

MSK Exam I (34 decks)

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