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msk exam i > Back Angiology And Neurology > Flashcards

Back Angiology And Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

The superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery travels with what?

A

The spinal accessory nerve along the deep surface of the trapezius muscle

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2
Q

If the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery is present, it replaces which artery?

A

Replaces the dorsal scapular artery traveling along the medial border of the scapula supplying the levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

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3
Q

What does the dorsal scapular artery supply?

A

Levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

If it arises from the transverse cervical artery it is known as the deep branch of that artery

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4
Q

What muscle does the thoracodorsal artery supply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

Which arteries are known to be arterial sources for the production of paraspinal arteries?

A

Vertebral artery, ascending cervical, deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar and lateral sacral arteries

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6
Q

What is the significance of the paraspinal arteries?

A

Supply the vertebra, spinal cord and surrounding structures and feed directly into the anterior and posterior spinal arteries especially in regions of the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord to assist the very small spinal arteries in supplying the spinal cord

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7
Q

What are the four main branches of the paraspinal arteries?

A

Dorsal, equatorial, periosteal and spinal branches

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8
Q

Which arteries are apart of the spinal branch of the paraspinal arteries?

A

Anterior and posterior vertebral canal, anterior and posterior radicular, anterior and posterior segmental medullary, and great anterior segmental medullary arteries

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9
Q

Which three paraspinal arterial sources are from the descending aorta?

A

Posterior intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries

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10
Q

Which two paraspinal arterial sources are from the internal iliac artery?

A

Iliolumbar and lateral sacral arteries

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11
Q

Which paraspinal artery is from the costocervical trunk?

A

Deep cervical artery

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12
Q

Which paraspinal artery is from the inferior thyroid artery?

A

Ascending cervical artery

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13
Q

Which paraspinal artery is from the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery

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14
Q

What are the two main plexuses of spinal veins?

A

External and internal vertebral venous plexuses

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15
Q

Which two arteries from the spinal branch of paraspinal arteries does not directly feed into the anterior/posterior spinal arteries?

A

Anterior and posterior radicular arteries

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16
Q

Complete transection of the spinal cord results in what?

A

Loss of sensation and motor function below the lesion

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17
Q

What is the result of a spinal injury at C1-3?

A

No function below the head, respirator necessary for life

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18
Q

What is the result of a spinal cord injury at C4-5?

A

No function of limbs, respiration capable

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19
Q

What is the result of a spinal injury at C6-8?

A

Loss of hand and variable upper limb function, may be able to propel a wheelchair

20
Q

What is the result of a spinal injury at T1-9?

A

Paralysis of both lower limbs

21
Q

What is the result of a spinal injury at T10-L1?

A

Some thigh muscle function, may allow walking with long leg braces

22
Q

What is the result of spinal injury at L2-3?

A

Most lower limb functions present, may be able to walk with short leg braces

23
Q

What are the three main layers of spinal meninges?

A

Dura, arachnoid and pia mater

24
Q

What are the components of dura mater?

A

Epidural space, dura-arachnoid interface, spinal dural sac, dural root sheath, filum terminale

25
Q

What components make up the spinal arachnoid mater?

A

Subarachnoid space (filled with CSF), arachnoid trabeculae, lumbar cistern

26
Q

What components make up the pia mater?

A

Denticulate L and filum terminale internunm

27
Q

Describe the dura mater

A

Outermost tough covering of the spinal cord and spinal roots

28
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater

A

Thin membranous intermediate layer, lines the spinal dural sac, held firmly to the dural sac by the pressure of CSF which circulates in the subarachnoid space

29
Q

Describe the pia mater

A

Thinnest and innermost covering of the spinal cord

Follows the entire surface of the spinal cord and lines the spinal roots

30
Q

Which nerves make up the posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves?

A

Suboccipital, great occipital, least occipital and C4-8 (cutaneous and muscular innervation) nerves

31
Q

What innervates the transversospinalis muscle?

A

Medial muscular branch of C4-8 spinal nerves of the cervical posterior rami

32
Q

What innervates zygopophyseal joints?

A

Articular branches of C4-8 nerves of the posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

33
Q

What innervates erector spinae and splenius muscles?

A

Lateral muscular branch of C4-8 nerves of the cervical spinal nerve posterior rami

34
Q

Which nerves make up the posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves?

A

Medial branch including muscular, articular and cutaneous branches
Lateral branch including muscular and cutaneous branches

35
Q

What branches make up the posterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves?

A

Medial muscular, articular and cutaneous branch

Lateral muscular and cutaneous branches and superior cluneal nerve

36
Q

What makes up the posterior rami of sacral spinal nerves?

A

Medial branch

Lateral branch including the middle cluneal nerve

37
Q

What are the five categories of structures innervated by the recurrent meningeal nerve and posterior rami of spinal nerves?

A

Fibroskeletal structures (periostium and ligaments), and meninges innervated by recurrent meningeal nerves and synovial joints, intrinsic back muscles and spinal nerves and nerve roots innervated by posterior rami

38
Q

What are the most common types of back pain?

A

Muscular, joint and fibroskeletal pain

39
Q

What is muscular back pain?

A

Often the result of spasm in muscular tissue producing ischemia

40
Q

What is joint pain in the back?

A

Usually the result of osteoarthritis or disease arthritis

41
Q

What is fibroskeletal back pain?

A

Usually a result of fractures and dislocation of ligamentous structures

42
Q

The posterior rami of which spinal nerve innervates the suboccipital musculature?

A

Cervical spinal nerve (suboccipital nerve)

43
Q

What is the cauda equina of the spinal cord?

A

Bundle of anterior and posterior roots from the lumbosacral enlargement and medullary cone

44
Q

What is the terminal end of the spinal cord?

A

The medullary cone and it ends at L2

45
Q

What is the cervical enlargement?

A

Swelling of the spinal cord from C4-T1

Segments of the SC that correspond with the brachial plexus and UE

46
Q

What is the lumbosacral enlargement?

A

Swelling of the spinal cord from T11-S1

Segments of the SX that correspond with the lumbar and sacral plexuses and LE

msk exam i (34 decks)

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