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MSK Exam I > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are some characteristics of epithelia?

A

Cellularity, polarity, attachment, avascular, innervation and regeneration

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2
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

A thin extracellular, felt like sheet of macromolecules that epithelial tissue rests on

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3
Q

Epithelium that is primarily involved in secretion is often arranged as what?

A

Glands

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4
Q

What are the three surfaces of an epithelium that create its polarity?

A

Apical, lateral and basal

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5
Q

What makes epithelium have polarity?

A

Organelles and proteins are unevenly distributed

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6
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

Exposed to the lumen of a tube or external environment

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7
Q

What is the lateral surface?

A

Right or left surface of the cell and can be attached

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8
Q

What is the basal surface?

A

Attached to underlying basement membrane and on the opposite side of the lateral surface

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9
Q

What are tight/occluding junctions?

A

Impermeable junctions that allow cells to function as a barrier
Encircle cells near most apical surface

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10
Q

Which proteins are involved with tight/occluding junctions?

A

Occludins and claudins

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11
Q

What are gap/communicating junctions?

A

Fluid filled channels that connect apposed cells

Proteins: connexin aggregates

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12
Q

What are the three main examples of anchoring junctions?

A

Adherens, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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13
Q

What are adherens?

A

Lateral adhesins involving cadherin:actin filament interactions

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14
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Lateral adhesins involving cadherins:intermediate filament interactions

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15
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

Basal adhesions involving integrins:intermediate filament interactions

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16
Q

What is the clinical relevance for tight junctions?

A

Bacteria that causes food poisoning target TJs in the intestine —> impairs junctions —> loss of tissue fluid into intestinal lumen
Helicobacter pylori causes gastric ulcers —> binds TJs in the stomach, increasing permeability

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17
Q

What is the clinical relevance for desmosomes?

A

Autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris -> abnormal desmosome function -> reduces cell to cell adhesion -> blisters of oral mucosa

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18
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

Selective barrier between tissues that permits diffusion of nutrients

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19
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Cytoplasmic processes containing an actin core
Specialized for absorption
Number and shape correlate to the cell’s absorptive capacity

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20
Q

What is the clinical importance for microvilli?

A

Celiac disease -> loss of microvilli on absorptive cells in the SI

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21
Q

What are stereocilia?

A

Microvilli of an unusual length
Long and less mobile with an actin core
Increased surface area for absorption/secretion
Restricted location: epididymis and hair cells of inner ear

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22
Q

What are cilia?

A

Long highly motile structures containing internal arrays of microtubules
Can be motile, primary or nodal

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23
Q

What are motile cilia?

A

Beat in a wave like fashion to propel substances across the tissue

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24
Q

What are primary cilia?

A

Immotile, function as chemosensors, osmosensors and mechanosensors

25
Q

What are nodal cilia?

A

Embryonic

Have a role in L/R axis determination

26
Q

What is the location of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Lining of blood and lymphatic vessels (endothelium), lining of serous membranes (mesothelium), lining of alveoli in lungs, loop of Henle in kidney and various ducts

27
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Exchange, barrier and lubrication

28
Q

What is the location of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Kidney tubules, glands and associated ducts, terminal bronchioles and covering of the ovaries

29
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption, barrier and secretion

30
Q

What is the location of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Auditory tubes, uterus, oviducts, stomach, SI/LI and gallbladder

31
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption and secretion

32
Q

What is the location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

Lining of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea and bronchi

33
Q

What is the function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption, secretion, debris and particular movement

34
Q

What is the location of urothelium?

A

Urinary bladder, ureters and urethra

35
Q

What is the function of urothelium?

A

Barrier and distensible property

36
Q

What is the location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Oral cavity, portion of the pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra, cornea

37
Q

What is the function of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Barrier and protection

38
Q

What is the location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epidermis of the skin

39
Q

What is the function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Barrier and protection

40
Q

What is the location of stratified cuboidal columnar epithelium?

A

Sweat glands and ducts, ovarian follicles, salivary gland ducts

41
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal columnar epithelium?

A

Barrier and passageway

42
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A

Epithelial tissue that secretes mucus

Lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages

43
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

Epithelial tissue that lines internal body cavities
Forms a smooth, transparent, two layered membrane
Lubricated by a fluid derived from serum
Includes the peritoneum, pericardium and pleura

44
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium that comprises part of a serous membrane**

45
Q

What are unicellular glands?

A

Single, secretory cells distributed among non-secretory cells

46
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

Mucus secreting cell lining the intestines and respiratory tract

47
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Multicellular glands comprised of secretory cells grouped as an acinus
Produced is secreted into a system of ducts for release

48
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

Functional tissue of an organ (not the CT and other supporting tissues)

49
Q

What is stroma?

A

CT support of secretory units

50
Q

What is septa?

A

Partitions the exocrine gland into separate lobules

May enclose the entire gland as a capsule

51
Q

What is merocrine secretion?

A

Secretion is delivered in a membrane bound vesicle to the apical surface and undergoes exocytosis

52
Q

What is holocrine secretion?

A

Secretion accumulates within the cell —> apoptosis

Secretion and cell debris are released

53
Q

What is apocrine secretion?

A

Release of apical portion of the cell, surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane

54
Q

Glands can be classified into what?

A

Simple (unbranched ducts) or compound (2+ branches)

55
Q

What are compound glands?

A

Can have branching ducts with numerous secretory portions (tubular, acinar and tubuloacinar)

56
Q

What is a compound tubular gland?

A

Coiled secretory portion

57
Q

What is a compound acinar gland?

A

Saclike secretory units

58
Q

What is a compound tubuloacinar gland?

A

Tubular and acinar secretory units

59
Q

What are the secretory portions of a gland?

A

Tubular or acinar

May be branched even if duct is not

MSK Exam I (34 decks)

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