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MSK Exam I > Back Arthrology > Flashcards

Back Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the C1/2 vertebral joint

A

Compound synovial joint (planar and trochoid)

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2
Q

Describe the intervertebral joints between C3-S1

A

Symphysis joint

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3
Q

What class of joints is the vertebral joint between S5 and Co1

A

Symphysis

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4
Q

What class of joints is the zygopophyseal joint between C1-S1?

A

Planar synovial

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5
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies

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6
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies

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7
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum?

A

Pale, yellow fibers which travel on the ventral surfaces of vertebral laminae

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8
Q

What is the interspinous ligament?

A

Travels between the adjacent spinous processes

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9
Q

Describe characteristics of the intertransverse ligament

A

Not well defined in the cervical region
Fibrous cords in the thoracic region
Thin membranes in the lumbar region

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10
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament?

A

Travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral spinous processes, continues as the Ligamentum nuchae in the cervical region

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11
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis?

A

A tough fibrous outer region overlapping lamellae of fibrocartilage

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12
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

Soft gelatinous inner portion

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13
Q

What are the intervertebral discs composed of?

A

Annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

What is the atlantoccipital joint?

A

A condyloid synovial joint between the atlas and basilar occipital bone

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15
Q

Which ligaments are responsible for holding the atlantoccipital joint together?

A

Anterior atlantoccipital membrane, tectorial membrane and posterior atlantoccipital membrane

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16
Q

What is the anterior occipital membrane?

A

From the anterior arch of the atlas to the basilar occipital bone

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17
Q

What is the tectorial membrane?

A

From the posterior surface of the body of the axis to the anterior internal margin of the foramen magnum on the occipital bone

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18
Q

What is the tectorial membrane?

A

From the posterior surface of the body of the axis to the anterior internal margin of the foramen magnum on the occipital bone

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19
Q

What is the posterior atlantoccipital membrane?

A

From the anterior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas to the posterior internal margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone

20
Q

What is the anterior atlantoccipital membrane a continuation of?

A

The anterior longitudinal ligament

21
Q

What is the tectorial membrane a continuation of?

A

The posterior longitudinal membrane

22
Q

What is the posterior atlantoccipital membrane a continuation of?

A

The ligamentum flavum

23
Q

What are vertebral joints/syndesmoses?

A

Ligamentous structures that support the vertebral column

24
Q

What is the medial atlantoaxial joint?

A

A trochoid synovial joint between the anterior facet of the dens of the axis and the articular facet for the dens of the atlas

25
Q

What is the cruciate ligament composed of?

A

Superior longitudinal band, transverse ligament of the atlas and inferior longitudinal band

26
Q

What is the location of the superior longitudinal band of the cruciate ligament?

A

From the occipital bone to the transverse ligament

27
Q

Describe the transverse ligament of the atlas

A

Around the odontoid process from the tubercle fo the transverse ligament to contralateral tubercle of the transverse L

28
Q

Describe the inferior longitudinal band of the cruciate L

A

From C2 to transverse L

29
Q

What is the alar ligament (atlantoaxial joint)?

A

From the odontoid process of the axis to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone

30
Q

What is the apical ligament of the dens?

A

Extends from the apex of the dens to the anterior internal margin of the foramen magnum

31
Q

What is the lateral atlantoxial joint?

A

A planar synovial joint between superior and inferior articulating processes of the atlas and axis

32
Q

What is the lumbar sacral joint?

A

A compound joint (symphysis and planar synovial) between L5 and the sacrum

33
Q

Which ligaments hold the atlantoaxial joint together?

A

Cruciate L, alar L and apical L of the dens

34
Q

Which ligaments are responsible for holding the lumbar sacral joint together?

A

Anterior and posterior longitudinal L, ligamentum flavum, iliolumbar L, and intervertebral disc

35
Q

Which ligaments are absent from the lumbar sacral joint?

A

Interspinous, intertransverse, and supraspinous

36
Q

What is the iliolumbar ligament?

A

Travels from L5 transverse process and body to the iliac crest
Also includes the lumbosacral L

37
Q

What is the lumbosacral ligament?

A

Travels from L5 transverse process and body to the ala

38
Q

What is a hyperextension or whip lash injury?

A

An injury common in automobile accidents and results in excessive stretching and even tearing of the anterior longitudinal L
A recoil effect can often result in hyper flexion injury as well

39
Q

Why is the anterior ligament important?

A

Due to its possible splinting action that should be used whenever fracture of the vertebral column is suspected (except cervical fractures due to hyperextension)

40
Q

When a fracture of the vertebral column occurs the pt should be kept in what position at all times?

A

Hyperextension
The pull of the anterior longitudinal L will help realign fragments of bone and keep further injury to the spinal cord from occurring

41
Q

What is a common cause of low back and lower limb pain?

A

Herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis

42
Q

Where does herniation typically occur?

A

Posterolaterally where the annulus fibrosis receives no support from the anterior and posterior longitudinal L

43
Q

At what level is herniation most common?

A

At L4/5 and L5/S1 where the discs are much larger and therefore more mobile

44
Q

What is the second number rule?

A

For the cervical and lumbar regions the vertebral level at which the prolapse occurs will affect the spinal nerve with the second number designation
Ex. Prolapse at C5/6 will affect spinal nerve 6

45
Q

What is the uncovertebral joint (of Lushka)?

A

The joint between the uncinate process of the inferior vertebra and beveled inferior surface of the superior vertebra
Located at the cervical intervertebral joint

MSK Exam I (34 decks)

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