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MRT Year 2 > Foot Comp > Flashcards

Foot Comp Flashcards

1
Q

Angling for low and high arches on an AP axial foot

A

Low arch = decrease angle

High arch = increase angle

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2
Q

Angling for flexion/extension of the ankle joint on an AP axial foot

A

Ankle at 90 degrees: decrease angle
Ankle extended (toes pointed): increase angle (increase distortion)
Weightbearing: decrease angle

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3
Q

Angling the foot for low and high arches for AP medial oblique foot

A

Low arch: 30 degrees

High arch: 45 degrees

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4
Q

How to know if a oblique foot is over/under rotated?

A

Under: cuneiform-cuboid joint space is closed and the 4th metatarsal base superimposes the 5th metatarsal base

Under: cuneiform-cuboid joint space closed, lateral cuneiform thrown over others

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5
Q

What causes arch of foot to fall on a lateral weightbearing foot?

A

Weakened tendons and ligaments

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6
Q

What attaches to the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal?

A

Tendon

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7
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found?

A

Embedded in tendons

Plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal (tibial-medial and fibular-lateral)

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8
Q

What projections are used to demonstrate a fracture of the sesamoid bones?

A

Tangential with 0 deg angle

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9
Q

What is another word for the navicular?

A

Scaphoid

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10
Q

What is another word for the talus?

A

Astralagus

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11
Q

What is another name for the calcaneus?

A

Os Calcis

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12
Q

Tarsals compared to carpals?

A

Larger and less mobile, they provide a base of support for the body when standing

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13
Q

What is a common site for bone spurs?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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14
Q

What attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity?

A

Achilles tendon

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15
Q

What is opposite the sustentaculum tali?

A

Peroneal trochlea

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16
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali for?

A

“Support for the talus”

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17
Q

What articular surfaces of the calcaneus make up the subtalar joint?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior articular facet

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18
Q

What is between the middle and posterior facet?

A

Calcaneal sulcus?

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19
Q

What is the opening is the subtalar joint?

A

Sinus tarsi?

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20
Q

What passes through the calcaneal sulcus?

A

Ligaments

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21
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

Tibia, fibula, navicular, calcaneus

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22
Q

What metatarsals articulate with what tarsals?

A

Medial cuneiform: 1 and 2
Intermediate cuneiform: 2
Lateral cuneiform: 2, 3, 4
Cuboid: 4 and 5

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23
Q

Largest and smallest cuneiform?

A

Largest: medial
Smallest: lateral

24
Q

What does the cuboid occasionally articulate with?

A

Navicular

25
Q

Where is the transverse arch located?

A

Plantar surface of distal tarsals

26
Q

All joints of the lower limb (except tibiofibular) are classified as?

A

Synovial joints

Diarthrodial

27
Q

Distal tibiofibular joints classification?

A

Fibrous

Amphiarthrodial

28
Q

Interphalangeal joint classification?

A

Ginglymus/hinge

Flexion/extension

29
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint classification?

A

Modified ellipsoidal/condyloid
Flexion/extension, adduction/abduction
Circumduction like hand generally not possible

30
Q

Tarsometatarsal joint classification?

A

Plane/gliding

Limited gliding

31
Q

Intertarsal joint classification?

A

Plane/gliding

Gliding, rotation, inversion, eversion

32
Q

Ankle joint classification?

A

Sellar/saddle

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

33
Q

Another name for AP foot projection?

A

Dorsoplantar

34
Q

Another name for PA projection of the foot?

A

Plantodorsal

35
Q

Decreasing the angle between the dorsum pedis and lower leg?

A

Dorsiflex

36
Q

Inward turning/bending of the ankle?

A

Inversion

37
Q

Most sprained ankles result from?

A

An accidental forced eversion or inversion

38
Q

Foot technique?

A

60 kV @ 2mAs

39
Q

What is a lisfranc joint injury?

A

Abnormal separation between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals

40
Q

To what does the Lisfranc ligament attach?

A

Medial cuneiform to the 1st and 2nd metatarsal

41
Q

Where is the Lisfranc ligament best demonstrated?

A

Weightbearing AP and lateral foot projection

42
Q

Enchondroma?

A

Slow growing benign cartilagenous tumour found in small bones of hands and feet of adolescents and young adults
Radiolucent tumours, thin cortex, pathological fractures

43
Q

What is gout?

A

Uric acid deposits in joints and other tissues

Common ins 1st MTP joint, men 30+ more prone

44
Q

What is a joint effusion?

A

Fluid in the joint

45
Q

Osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative joint disease, narrowing of joint spaces

46
Q

Osteomalacia?

A

Rickets
Bone softening
Bowing due to soft bone

47
Q

Paget’s disease?

A

Dense, but soft bone “cotton wool”

Increase technique

48
Q

Reiter’s syndrome?

A

Bony erosion at achilles tendon insertion on postersuperior calcaneus, bilateral

49
Q

Osteoporosis?

A

Decreased bone density

Decrease technique

50
Q

Fat pads of the foot/ankle?

A
  • Anterior pre-talar fat pad

- Posterior pericapsular fat pad

51
Q

Where is the anterior pretalar fat pad located? What does displacement indicate?

A

Anterior to the ankle joint next to the neck of the talus

Displacement indicates joint effusion and possible underlying injuries

52
Q

Where is the posterior pericapsular fat pad located?

A

Within the indentation formed by the articulation of the posterior tibia and talar bones
Less sensitive and requires more fluid evasion to be displaced

53
Q

What reduces usefulness of the anterior pretalar fat pad?

A

Plantarflexion flattens it

54
Q

How do you angle the foot for a tangential sesamoid bone projection?

A

15 to 20 degrees

55
Q

Lateral oblique opposed to medial oblique-what is demonstrated better?

A
  • space between 1st and 2nd metatarsals
  • cuneiforms
  • navicular

MRT Year 2 (18 decks)

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