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MRT Year 2 > Foot Comp > Flashcards

Foot Comp Flashcards

1
Q

Angling for low and high arches on an AP axial foot

A

Low arch = decrease angle

High arch = increase angle

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2
Q

Angling for flexion/extension of the ankle joint on an AP axial foot

A

Ankle at 90 degrees: decrease angle
Ankle extended (toes pointed): increase angle (increase distortion)
Weightbearing: decrease angle

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3
Q

Angling the foot for low and high arches for AP medial oblique foot

A

Low arch: 30 degrees

High arch: 45 degrees

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4
Q

How to know if a oblique foot is over/under rotated?

A

Under: cuneiform-cuboid joint space is closed and the 4th metatarsal base superimposes the 5th metatarsal base

Under: cuneiform-cuboid joint space closed, lateral cuneiform thrown over others

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5
Q

What causes arch of foot to fall on a lateral weightbearing foot?

A

Weakened tendons and ligaments

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6
Q

What attaches to the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal?

A

Tendon

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7
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found?

A

Embedded in tendons

Plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal (tibial-medial and fibular-lateral)

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8
Q

What projections are used to demonstrate a fracture of the sesamoid bones?

A

Tangential with 0 deg angle

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9
Q

What is another word for the navicular?

A

Scaphoid

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10
Q

What is another word for the talus?

A

Astralagus

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11
Q

What is another name for the calcaneus?

A

Os Calcis

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12
Q

Tarsals compared to carpals?

A

Larger and less mobile, they provide a base of support for the body when standing

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13
Q

What is a common site for bone spurs?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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14
Q

What attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity?

A

Achilles tendon

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15
Q

What is opposite the sustentaculum tali?

A

Peroneal trochlea

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16
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali for?

A

“Support for the talus”

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17
Q

What articular surfaces of the calcaneus make up the subtalar joint?

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior articular facet

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18
Q

What is between the middle and posterior facet?

A

Calcaneal sulcus?

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19
Q

What is the opening is the subtalar joint?

A

Sinus tarsi?

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20
Q

What passes through the calcaneal sulcus?

A

Ligaments

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21
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

Tibia, fibula, navicular, calcaneus

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22
Q

What metatarsals articulate with what tarsals?

A

Medial cuneiform: 1 and 2
Intermediate cuneiform: 2
Lateral cuneiform: 2, 3, 4
Cuboid: 4 and 5

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23
Q

Largest and smallest cuneiform?

A

Largest: medial
Smallest: lateral

24
Q

What does the cuboid occasionally articulate with?

25
Where is the transverse arch located?
Plantar surface of distal tarsals
26
All joints of the lower limb (except tibiofibular) are classified as?
Synovial joints | Diarthrodial
27
Distal tibiofibular joints classification?
Fibrous | Amphiarthrodial
28
Interphalangeal joint classification?
Ginglymus/hinge | Flexion/extension
29
Metatarsophalangeal joint classification?
Modified ellipsoidal/condyloid Flexion/extension, adduction/abduction Circumduction like hand generally not possible
30
Tarsometatarsal joint classification?
Plane/gliding | Limited gliding
31
Intertarsal joint classification?
Plane/gliding | Gliding, rotation, inversion, eversion
32
Ankle joint classification?
Sellar/saddle | Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
33
Another name for AP foot projection?
Dorsoplantar
34
Another name for PA projection of the foot?
Plantodorsal
35
Decreasing the angle between the dorsum pedis and lower leg?
Dorsiflex
36
Inward turning/bending of the ankle?
Inversion
37
Most sprained ankles result from?
An accidental forced eversion or inversion
38
Foot technique?
60 kV @ 2mAs
39
What is a lisfranc joint injury?
Abnormal separation between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals
40
To what does the Lisfranc ligament attach?
Medial cuneiform to the 1st and 2nd metatarsal
41
Where is the Lisfranc ligament best demonstrated?
Weightbearing AP and lateral foot projection
42
Enchondroma?
Slow growing benign cartilagenous tumour found in small bones of hands and feet of adolescents and young adults Radiolucent tumours, thin cortex, pathological fractures
43
What is gout?
Uric acid deposits in joints and other tissues | Common ins 1st MTP joint, men 30+ more prone
44
What is a joint effusion?
Fluid in the joint
45
Osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease, narrowing of joint spaces
46
Osteomalacia?
Rickets Bone softening Bowing due to soft bone
47
Paget's disease?
Dense, but soft bone "cotton wool" | Increase technique
48
Reiter's syndrome?
Bony erosion at achilles tendon insertion on postersuperior calcaneus, bilateral
49
Osteoporosis?
Decreased bone density | Decrease technique
50
Fat pads of the foot/ankle?
- Anterior pre-talar fat pad | - Posterior pericapsular fat pad
51
Where is the anterior pretalar fat pad located? What does displacement indicate?
Anterior to the ankle joint next to the neck of the talus | Displacement indicates joint effusion and possible underlying injuries
52
Where is the posterior pericapsular fat pad located?
Within the indentation formed by the articulation of the posterior tibia and talar bones Less sensitive and requires more fluid evasion to be displaced
53
What reduces usefulness of the anterior pretalar fat pad?
Plantarflexion flattens it
54
How do you angle the foot for a tangential sesamoid bone projection?
15 to 20 degrees
55
Lateral oblique opposed to medial oblique-what is demonstrated better?
- space between 1st and 2nd metatarsals - cuneiforms - navicular

MRT Year 2 (18 decks)

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