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MRT Year 2 > C-Spine Comp > Flashcards

C-Spine Comp Flashcards

1
Q

What does the spinal canal contain?

A

Spinal cord and CSF

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2
Q

Parts of the spinal cord?

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1 (conus medullaris)

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4
Q

2 primary curves of the spine?

A
  1. Thoracic

2. Sacral

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5
Q

2 compensatory curves of the spine?

A
  1. Cervical (from baby lifting head and sitting up)

2. Lumbar (from baby walking)

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6
Q

Another word for kyphosis?

A

Humpback

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7
Q

Another word for lordosis?

A

Swayback

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8
Q

What pass through the intervertebral foramina?

A

Blood vessels/nerves

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9
Q

What are the intervertebral disk spaces for?

A

Absorbing shock

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10
Q

Parts of an intervertebral disk?

A
  • Annulus fibrosis (outside)

- Nucelus pulposus (inside)

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11
Q

Things specific to C-spine vertebrae?

A
  • transverse foramina
  • bifid spinous processes
  • overlapping vertebral bodies
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12
Q

C1 AKA?

A

Atlas

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13
Q

C2 AKA?

A

Axis

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14
Q

What are the articular pillars of C1 called?

A

Lateral masses

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15
Q

What degree of rotation is needed to see the foramina?

A

45 degrees, side farthest from the IR

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16
Q

What degree of rotation is needed to see the zygapophyseal joints?

A

90 degrees

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17
Q

What are the lateral masses for?

A
  • assist in rotation

- support the weight of the head

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18
Q

Occipitoatlantal joint classification

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • ellipsoid/condyloid
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19
Q

C1-C2 R/L atlantoaxial joints (lateral)

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • plane/gliding
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20
Q

C1-C2 medial atlantoaxial joint (dens) joint classification

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • pivot/trochoid
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21
Q

Intervertebral disk space joint classification?

A
  • synovial
  • amphiarthrodial
  • cartilaginous/symphysis
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22
Q

Zygapophyseal joint classification

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • plane/gliding
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23
Q

T spine foramina seen at what degree of rotation?

A

90 degrees

24
Q

T Spine zygapophyseal joints seen at what degree of rotation?

A

70-75 degrees

25
Q

Why are upright C-spines preferred?

A
  • demonstrate alignment and ligament stability
  • natural curvature of the spine
  • shoulders depressed
26
Q

How to reduce dose on C-spine obliques?

A

PA obliques, less dose to thyroid

27
Q

What is orthostatic breathing used for?

A

On T-spine to blue out overlying structures

28
Q

Clay shoveller’s fracture?

A
  • hyperflexion
  • avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C6-T1
  • seen on lateral C-spine
29
Q

Compression fracture?

A
  • associated with osteoporosis
  • collapse of a vertebral body
  • increases kyphosis
  • seen on lateral projection
30
Q

Hangman’s fracture?

A
  • pedicle of C2 with or without subluxation of C2 on C3
  • extreme hyperextension
  • seen on lateral C-spine, anterior displacement of C2
31
Q

Jefferson’s fracture?

A
  • comminuted fracture of the anterior/posterior arch of C1
  • landing on head or feet
  • AP odontoid, lateral c-spine
32
Q

Odontoid fracture?

A
  • dens fracture, can be extended into lateral masses/arches
  • AP odontoid
  • 3 classes
33
Q

3 classes of odontoid fracture?

A
  1. Top of dens: rare, potentially unstable
  2. Base of dens: unstable
  3. Extends to lateral masses: best prognosis for healing
34
Q

Teardrop/burst fracture?

A
  • compression with hyperflexion
  • comminuted vertebral body fracture with triangular fragments avulsed from anteroinferior vertebral body
  • posterior vertebral body in spinal canal
  • quadriplegia/neurological damage
35
Q

Bowtie artifact?

A
  • lateral c-spine
  • vertebral body rotated on axis
  • zygapophyseal joint out of alignment
36
Q

Bilateral locked facets?

A

-both zygapophyseal joints disrupted

37
Q

HNP “slipped disk”

A
  • nucleus pulposus protrudes through the annulus fibrosis into spinal canal
  • most common L4/L5
38
Q

Kyphosis?

A
  • extreme convex curvature of the spine

- caused by: compression fracture in osteoporotic patients, poor posture, rickets, other

39
Q

Scoliosis?

A
  • lateral curvature of the spine

- most common in children 10-14, girls

40
Q

Osteoarthritis?

A

-degeneration of a joint

41
Q

Osteoporosis?

A

-decreased bone density

42
Q

Scheurermann’s disease?

A
  • begins in adolescence
  • abnormal spine curvature of kyphosis and scoliosis
  • more common in boys
  • symptoms disappear, but some curvature still remains
43
Q

Spondylitis

A

Inflammation of the vertebrae

44
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis?

A
  • men ages 20-40
  • inflammation of the SI, intervertebral, costovertebral joints, paraspinal calcification and ossification, fusions of joints (ankylosing)
45
Q

Spondylosis?

A

-age related degeneration of the intervertebral disk spaces

46
Q

Transitional vertebra?

A
  • incidental finding

- vertebrae takes on the characteristics of the adjacent region of the spine

47
Q

What are flexion/extension laterals for?

A
  • demonstrate the anterior/posterior vertebral mobility

- rule out whip lash or post op

48
Q

Fuchs vs Judd views?

A

Fuchs: AP, cephalad angle
Judd: PA, caudad angle
-to demonstrate the upper portion of the dens when not well visualized on the odontoid view

49
Q

AP wagging jaw?

A
  • to visualize C1-T2

- jaw in continuous movement during exposure

50
Q

AP Axial-vertebral arch (pillars)

A
  • C4-C7 vertebral pillars/spinous processes (with whip lash)
  • 20-30 degrees caudad
  • hyperextended neck
51
Q

Lateral C-spine: vertebral foramina of C1 seen

A

Head tilted towards the IR, adjust inter pupillary line perpendicular to IR

52
Q

Lateral c-spine: posterior arch of C1 is in profile, but the cranial occipital cortices and the mandibular rami are not aligned?

A

Head tilted away from the IR

53
Q

What view demonstrated a Jefferson #?

A

Odontoid

54
Q

What do the oblique views demonstrate?

A

-stenosis of the intervertebral foramen

55
Q

Angling for AP c-spine?

A
  • 15 degrees cephalad when supine

- 20 degrees cephalad when upright or when lordotic curve evident

MRT Year 2 (18 decks)

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