Ankle Comp Flashcards
Reiter’s syndrome?
Bony erosion at the insertion of the achilles tendon on the posterior superior margin of the calcaneus
-similar to rheumatoid arthritis, but common in heels, toes, and SI joints, assymetric
What does the sustentaculum tali do?
Support for the talus
Which tarsals articulate with which metatarsals?
- Medial: 1 and 2
- Intermediate: 2
- Lateral: 2, 3, and 4
- Cuboid: 4 and 5
What is a common site for bone spurs? Why?
Calcaneal tuberosity because the achilles tendon attaches here and pulls on it
What is a Marcher’s fracture?
Fracture of the distal 1/3rd of a metatarsal, due to recurrent stress
Name the tarsal bones
- 1st, 2nd, 3rd (medial, intermediate, lateral) cuneiforms
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Talus
- Calcaneus
What forms the roof of the mortise joint?
Tibial plafond
What attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity?
Achilles tendon
What type of movements does the ankle have?
Flexion and extension only
What is the largest and strongest bone of the foot?
Calcaneus
What is a Jone’s fracture?
Fracture of the tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
What is a tri-malleolar fracture?
Fracture of the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, and distal posterior tibia
What is osteoporosis?
Decreased bone density
Technique for ankle?
63kV @ 3.2 mAs
Certain types of fractures in children and youth include the _______?
The distal tibial epiphysis and tibial plafond
What forms the ankle (mortise) joint?
Tibia and fibula (medial/lateral malleoli)
Why is the mortise joint not fully open on an AP projection?
Distal fibula is 1/2” more posterior than distal tibia, 15-20 deg from MCP
What is found opposite the sustentaculum tali?
Peroneal trochlea (trochlear process)
What is osteoarthritis?
Loss of joint cartilage, affects predominantly the weightbearing joints
-narrowing of joint space, thinning of articular cartilage, developments of osteophytes (spurs), irregular
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
A synovial joint of the sellar type
What pass through the calcaneal sulcus and sinus tarsi?
Ligaments
What can increase the ankle joint space?
“Sprained ankle” stretched or torn collateral ligaments or torn muscle tendons
What is a Salter-harris fracture?
Fracture between the epiphysis and metaphysis
What can be performed to evaluate the stability of the joint space?
AP stress views
Where is the transverse arch located?
Plantar surface of foot, distal tarsals
What is found on either side of the calcaneal tuberosity?
Medial and lateral process
What fits into the mortise joint?
Talus
What is a Pott’s fracture?
Fracture of the malleoli
All joints of the lower limb (1 exception) are classified as?
Synovial joints, diarthrodial (freely moveable)
What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?
Fibrous, amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable), syndesmosis type
What type of synovial joints are IP joints?
- Ginglymus/hinge
- flexion and extension
What type of synovial joints are TMT joints?
- Plane/gliding
- limited gliding movement
What type of synovial joints are IT joints?
- plane/gliding
- inversion/eversion (gliding and rotation)
What type of synovial joint is the ankle joint?
- sellar/saddle
- dorsiflexion and plantarflexion only
- side to side only occurs with stretched or torn ligaments
