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MSK Exam 2 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the tarsal bones?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms (3)
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2
Q

What are the functions of arches of the foot?

A

Absorb shock during weight bearing

Make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

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3
Q

What bones are part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

A 
Calcaneus 
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms (all 3) 
1st-3rd Metatarsals 
1st-3rd Proximal, Medial, and Distal Phalanges
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4
Q

What bones are part of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th-5th Metatarsals
4th-5th Proximal, Medial, and Distal Phalanges

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5
Q

What bones are part of the Transverse Arch?

A

Cuboid
Cuneiforms (all 3)
Bases of Metatarsals

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6
Q

The fascia of the dorsum of the foot is thin and continuous with the ________ ________.

A

Extensor Retinaculum

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7
Q

What artery and nerve emerge beneath the inferior border of the Extensor Retinaculum?

A

Dorsalis Pedis A.

Deep Fibular N.

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8
Q

The fascia on the sole of the foot is called the ________ _______ and consists of a longitudinal band of dense CT.

A

Plantar Aponeurosis

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9
Q

The Plantar Aponeurosis distally divides into five bands that enclose digital tendons as well as support the…

A

Longitudinal foot arches (Medial and Lateral)

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10
Q

This is often caused by running, high-impact exercise, worn-out shoes, and being overweight. There is inflammation at the proximal attachment of the Plantar Aponeurosis, causing pain.

A

Plantar Fasciitis

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11
Q

Plantar Fasciitis pain is the worst after…

A

Sitting or getting out of bed in the morning

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12
Q

What is a complication of Plantar Fasciitis that can occur?

A

Can lead to calcaneal spur formation, especially from medial calcaneal tubercle

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13
Q

What are the dorsal foot muscles?

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.

Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.

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14
Q

This dorsal muscle inserts on the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe.

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.

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15
Q

This dorsal muscle inserts on long extensor tendons of the lateral four digits.

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.

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16
Q

What innervates the dorsal foot muscles?

A

Deep Fibular N.

  • **Sciatic N. – Tibial and Common Fibular Ns.
  • **Common Fibular N. – Superficial and Deep Fibular Ns.
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17
Q

There are 4 layers of plantar foot muscles, and they function to…

A

Help maintain foot arches

Help to stand on uneven ground

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18
Q

The 1st layer of plantar foot muscles are…

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis M.
Abductor Hallucis M.

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19
Q

The 1st layer of plantar foot muscles are three short muscles that extend from the ________ to the ________.

A

Calcaneus

Phalanges

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20
Q

The 2nd layer of plantar foot muscles are…

A

Quadratus Plantae M.

Lumbrical Ms. (4)

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21
Q

This foot muscle joins the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus M. to the Calcaneus and assists it in flexing the lateral four digits.

A

Quadratus Plantae M.

***In 2nd layer

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22
Q

This foot muscle originates from the Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons and are located on the medial aspect of the extensor expansion.

A

Lumbrical Ms. (4)

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23
Q

What actions do the Lumbrical Ms. perform?

A

Flex MP joint

Extend PIP and DIP joints

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24
Q

What tendons are in the 2nd layer of the plantar foot muscles, but the muscles themselves are not considered in the layer?

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon

Flexor Digitorum Longus tendon

25
Q

The 3rd layer of plantar foot muscles are three short muscles going to the first and fifth digits. They consist of…

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M.
Adductor Hallucis M.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.

26
Q

The Adductor Hallucis M. has two heads, which are…

A

Transverse head

Oblique head

27
Q

This muscle has two heads covering the plantar surface of the 1st metatarsal, and its tendons have sesamoid bones.

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.

28
Q

What is the purpose of the sesamoid bones in the Flexor Hallucis Brevis M. tendon?

A

Protects first metatarsal head and Flexor Hallucis Longus M. tendon when standing and walking

29
Q

The 4th layer of plantar foot muscles consists of…

A

3 Plantar Interossei (PAD)

4 Dorsal Interossei (DAB)

30
Q

What is the function of the 3 Plantar Interossei muscles?

A

Move digits 3, 4, and 5 toward 2nd digit (which is the midline)

***Remember, it’s different in the hand. 3rd digit is the midline. Don’t get them confused!

31
Q

What is the function of the 4 Dorsal Interossei muscles?

A

Move digits 2, 3, and 4 away from 2nd digit (which is the midline)

32
Q

What tendons also lie in the 4th layer of the plantar foot muscles (the muscles themselves are not within this layer)?

A

Fibularis Longus M.

Tibialis Posterior M.

33
Q

_______ _______ is the term for a lateral deviation of the great toe. Tissue surrounding the deviated area swells, and swelling leads to friction, then friction causes a bursa to form. A tender and inflamed bursa is called a ________.

A

Hallux Valgus

Bunion

34
Q

This is the term for an inflamed area with thickened skin over the proximal interphalangeal joints.

35
Q

This toe deformity is caused by a flexion in the distal IP joint.

A

Mallet Toe

36
Q

This toe deformity is caused by an extension at the MP joint, and flexion at the proximal IP joint.

A

Hammer Toe

***Usually in 2nd digit

37
Q

This toe deformity is caused by an extension at the MP joint and flexion at BOTH the proximal and distal IP joint.

38
Q

This toe deformity is caused by extension of the MP joint and flexion of the IP joint in the big toe.

A

Trigger Toe

39
Q

What does the Tibial N. branch into?

A

Lateral Plantar N.
Medial Plantar N.
Medial Sural Cutaneous N. (which gives off Sural N.)

40
Q

What does the Common Fibular N. branch into?

A

Superficial Fibular N.
Deep Fibular N.
Lateral Sural Cutaneous N.

41
Q

What connects the Medial and Lateral Sural Cutaneous Ns.?

A

Communicating Branch

42
Q

What does the Deep Fibular N. branch into?

A

Lateral Branch of Deep Fibular N.

Medial Branch of Deep Fibular N.

43
Q

What does the Lateral Branch of the Deep Fibular N. innervate?

A

Intrinsic dorsal foot muscles

Efferent fibers

44
Q

What does the Medial Branch of the Deep Fibular N. innervate?

A

Skin between 1st and 2nd digit

Afferent fibers

45
Q

This nerve passes deep to Abductor Hallucis and runs anterolaterally deep to Flexor Digitorum Brevis.

A

Lateral Plantar N.

***Terminating branch of Tibial N.

46
Q

This nerve passes deep to Abductor Hallucis and runs anteriorly between Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis.

A

Medial Plantar N.

***Terminating branch of Tibial N.

47
Q

The Lateral Plantar N. terminates by terminating into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch forms…

A

Common Plantar Digital N.

Proper Plantar Digital N.

48
Q

The Medial Plantar N. ends near the metatarsal bases by dividing into…

A

Common Plantar Digital N.

Proper Plantar Digital N.

49
Q

At what point does the Tibial N. divide into the Lateral and Medial Plantar Ns.?

A

Posterior to the Medial Malleolus

50
Q

What does the Medial Plantar N. innervate?

A 
Abductor Hallucis M.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis M.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.
Medial One Lumbrical
Supplies Plantar Skin
51
Q

What does the Lateral Plantar N. innervate?

A 
Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
Quadratus Plantae M.
Adductor Hallucis M.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M. 
PADs and DABs 
Lateral Three Lumbricals 
Supplies Plantar Skin
52
Q

What provides blood supply to the foot?

A

Anterior Tibial A.
Posterior Tibial A.
Fibular A.

53
Q

This nerve supplies skin on the medial side of the foot as far anteriorly as the head of the 1st metatarsal.

A

Saphenous N.

54
Q

This nerve supplies skin on the lateral aspect of the hindfoot and midfoot.

55
Q

This nerve supplies the skin of the heel.

A

Calcaneal branches (from Tibial and Sural Ns.)

56
Q

Infections in the foot will drain to what LNs?

A

Popliteal LNs

57
Q

The Lateral Plantar A. (from Posterior Tibial A.) runs with the Lateral Plantar N. superficial to Quadratus Plantae M. This artery gives rise to what?

A

3rd-5th Plantar Metatarsal As. and Plantar Digital As.

58
Q

The Lateral Plantar A. ends by joining the Deep Plantar A. (from Dorsalis Pedis A.) to form the…

A

Deep Plantar Arterial Arch

59
Q

The Medial Plantar A. runs with the Medial Plantar N. and passes distally between Abductor Hallucis and FBD. This artery gives rise to what?

A

1st and 2nd Plantar Metatarsal As. and Plantar Digital As.

MSK Exam 2 (26 decks)

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