Blue Boxes - Fascia, Veins, Lymph, & Cutaneous Ns.

Question 1

Trauma to muscles and vessels in the leg due to burns, muscle overuse, or blunt trauma can cause hemorrhage, edema, or inflammation of muscles. Septa of the leg are strong, so this will cause intracompartmental pressure. This is called…

Answer 1

Compartment Syndrome

Question 2

In Compartment Syndrome, small vessels are particularly susceptible to compression. Structures distal may become ________ or permanently injured. Signs are loss of _______ and lowering of ________ of distal tissues.

Answer 2

Ischemic
Pulse
Temperature

Question 3

What can be performed to relieve the pressure in Compartment Syndrome?

Answer 3

Fasciotomy

Question 4

In healthy veins, blood flows toward the heart and they keep it from flowing away. In ________ veins, the Great Saphenous V. becomes dilated or rotated so that the cusps of their valves do not close correctly causing blood to flow inferiorly.

Answer 4

Varicose

Question 5

Where are varicose veins most common?

Answer 5

Posteromedial leg

Question 6

This is the term for when one or more of the deep veins of the lower limb is characterized by swelling, warmth, and erythema (inflammation and infection).

Answer 6

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Question 7

_______ _______ (stagnation) is an important cause of thrombus formation.

Answer 7

Venous stasis

Question 8

How can Venous Stasis be caused?

Answer 8

1) Incompetent fascia (diminishes effectiveness of musculovenous pump)
2) External pressure on veins such as from long hospital stays or tight cast/bandage
3) Muscular inactivity (i.e., during overseas aircraft flight)

Question 9

DVT with inflammation around the involved veins is called a…

Answer 9

Thrombophlebitis

Question 10

A large thrombus that breaks free from a lower limb vein may travel to a lung, forming a _______ _______. This obstructs a pulmonary artery and can cause death.

Answer 10

Pulmonary thromboembolism

Question 11

The Great Saphenous V. is sometimes used for coronary artery bypasses for what reasons?

Answer 11

1) It is readily accessible
2) There is sufficient distance b/w tributaries and perforating veins so usable lengths can be harvested
3) Its wall contains more muscular and elastic fibers than other superficial veins
4) Its removal rarely causes a problem in circulation due to presence of other deep veins

Question 12

How can the Great Saphenous V. be changed so it’s able to be used as an artery?

Answer 12

The vein is inverted so the valves do not obstruct blood flow

Question 13

The Great Saphenous V. can always be found by making a skin incision anterior to the ________ ________. This procedure is called ________ ________.

Answer 13

Medial Malleolus

Saphenous Cutdown

Question 14

What is Saphenous Cutdown used for?

Answer 14

To insert a cannula to administer drugs, blood, plasma, and electrolytes

Question 15

The Saphenous N. runs close to the V., so if it’s cut or caught in ligature (such as in Saphenous Cutdown) the patient will complain of what?

Answer 15

Pain or numbness on medial border of foot

Question 16

Abrasions and minor sepsis caused by pathogenic microorganisms will cause Inguinal LNs to enlarge. They are located in __________ tissue and are easy to palpate.

Answer 16

Subcutaneous

Question 17

When Inguinal LNs are enlarged the perineum and entire lower limb should be examined to determine the cause. It’s especially important to check for metastasis of cancer from the ________ in females, because the _______ ______ drains lymph into the Inguinal LNs.

Answer 17

Uterus

Uterine fundus

Question 18

How can we put a nerve block on the Femoral N. (L2-L4)?

Answer 18

By injecting anesthetic into the nerve 2 cm inferior to the Inguinal Ligament

Question 19

T/F. In order to interpret abnormalities in peripheral sensory function, a doctor must understand that most areas have only one segment innervating them.

Answer 19

False. Most areas have MORE than one segment innervating them. They often overlap.

Question 20

Major cutaneous nerves must be interpreted as anatomically different from _________ maps.

Answer 20

Dermatome