Ankle & Foot Joint

Question 1

What are the functions of foot arches?

Answer 1

Absorb shock during weight bearing

Make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

Question 2

What is part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

Answer 2

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms (all 3)
1st-3rd Metatarsals and Phalanges

Question 3

What is part of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?

Answer 3

Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th-5th Metatarsals and Phalanges

Question 4

What is part of the Transverse Arch?

Answer 4

Cuboid
Cuneiforms (all 3)
Base of Metatarsals

Question 5

The arches of the foot consist of what type of support?

Answer 5

Dynamic

Passive

Question 6

Dynamic support of the foot arches includes what?

Answer 6

Tibialis Anterior M.
Tibialis Posterior M.
Flexor Hallucis Longus M.
Intrinsic plantar muscles

Question 7

Passive support of the foot arches includes what?

Answer 7

Plantar Aponeurosis
Short and Long Plantar Ligaments
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligaments (Spring Ligaments)

Question 8

Passive fallen arch is primarily due to what?

Answer 8

Laxity in spring ligament

Question 9

The arch of the forefoot has only ________ stabilizers, whereas the arches of the metatarsus and tarsus have only ________ stabilizers.

Answer 9

Passive

Dynamic

Question 10

What are the active/dynamic stabilizers of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

Answer 10

Flexor Hallucis Longus M. 
Fibularis Longus M. 
Intrinsic plantar muscles 
Tibialis Posterior M.
Tibialis Anterior M.

***Think FFITT – when you’re “active” you’re “FFITT”

Question 11

What are the passive stabilizers of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

Answer 11

Plantar Aponeurosis
Short Plantar Ligament
Long Plantar Ligament
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring Ligament)

Question 12

This is the term for the loss of the Transverse Arch.

Answer 12

Pes transversoplanus (splay foot)

Question 13

This is the term for the loss of longitudinal arch.

Answer 13

Pes planus (flat foot)

Question 14

Pes planus (flat feet) usually occurs in the Medial Longitudinal Arch because why?

Answer 14

Plantar Ligaments and Plantar Aponeurosis become abnormally stretched.

Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament can no longer support Talus head

Question 15

The ankle (talocrural) joint is formed by the Tibia and Fibula and the Talus (trochlea). The joint forms a three-sided mortise (deep socket) formed by two ________ and inferior Tibia.

Answer 15

Malleoli

Question 16

The malleoli grip on the trochlea (Talus) strongest during ________.

Answer 16

Dorsiflexion

Question 17

What type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 17

Hinge joint (synovial)

Question 18

The ankle has an articular capsule that is thin anteriorly and posteriorly and is supported by strong _______ _______ on either side.

Answer 18

Collateral Ligaments

Question 19

This ligament stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion.

Answer 19

Medial (Deltoid) Ligament

Question 20

The Medial (Deltoid) Ligament has four parts named from the leg bone to the foot bone they attach to. What are the parts?

Answer 20

Anterior Tibiotalar part
Tibionavicular part
Tibiocalcaneal part
Posterior Tibiotalar part

Question 21

This is the name for a severe eversion of the ankle. The Fibular and Medial Malleolus are fractured, and the Medial (Deltoid) Ligament is torn.

Answer 21

Pott’s Fracture-Dislocation

Question 22

This ligament is also on the medial border of the ankle and goes from the Sustentaculum Tali to the navicular.

Answer 22

Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring Ligament)

Question 23

The lateral ankle consists of three discrete ligaments that attach the Lateral Malleolus to the Talus and Calcaneus. They are named from the foot bone to the leg bone they attach. What are these ligaments?

Answer 23

Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 24

The Posterior Tibiofibular L. and Anterior Tibiofibular L. make up what?

Answer 24

Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (Syndesmotic Ligaments)

Question 25

What injury is the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (Syndesmotic Ligaments) associated with?

Answer 25

High ankle sprain

Question 26

There are two important intertarsal joints, which are...

Answer 26

``` Transverse Tarsal Joint Subtalar Joint (Talocalcanean Joint) ```

Question 27

What does the Transverse Tarsal Joint consist of?

Answer 27

Calcaneocuboid Joint Talonavicular Joint ***Two separate joints aligned transversely

Question 28

The Transverse Tarsal Joint working together permit slight rotation and thus add to inversion and eversion at the ________ Joint.

Answer 28

Talocalcaneal

Question 29

Transection across the Transverse Tarsal Joint is a standard method for what?

Answer 29

Surgical amputation of the foot

Question 30

This joint is where the Talus rests on the Calcaneus and its main movements are inversion and eversion.

Answer 30

Subtalar (Talocalcanean) Joint

Question 31

The fibrous capsule of the Subtalar (Talocalcanean) Joint is supported by...

Answer 31

Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament

Question 32

T/F. The ankle is the most frequently injured joint in the body.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Ankle sprains (ligament fiber tears) are almost always an (EVERSION/INVERSION) injury.

Answer 33

Inversion

Question 34

This ligament always tears first in an inversion ankle sprain.

Answer 34

Anterior Talofibular Ligament ***ATF ligament = Always Tears First (ATF)

Question 35

This ankle ligaments connects the Fibula (Lateral Malleolus) to the Calcaneus.

Answer 35

Calcaneofibular Ligament

Question 36

These two ligaments provide support anterolaterally and posterolaterally to the ankle joint.

Answer 36

Anterior Talofibular Ligament | Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 37

The Extensor Retinaculum is divided into two sections. This section of Extensor Retinaculum runs transversely alone the distal anterior leg.

Answer 37

Superficial Extensor Retinaculum

Question 38

The Extensor Retinaculum is divided into two sections. This section of Extensor Retinaculum runs transversely alone the proximal dorsal foot.

Answer 38

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum