Ankle & Foot Joint Flashcards
What are the functions of foot arches?
Absorb shock during weight bearing
Make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes
What is part of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuneiforms (all 3) 1st-3rd Metatarsals and Phalanges
What is part of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th-5th Metatarsals and Phalanges
What is part of the Transverse Arch?
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (all 3)
Base of Metatarsals
The arches of the foot consist of what type of support?
Dynamic
Passive
Dynamic support of the foot arches includes what?
Tibialis Anterior M.
Tibialis Posterior M.
Flexor Hallucis Longus M.
Intrinsic plantar muscles
Passive support of the foot arches includes what?
Plantar Aponeurosis
Short and Long Plantar Ligaments
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligaments (Spring Ligaments)
Passive fallen arch is primarily due to what?
Laxity in spring ligament
The arch of the forefoot has only ________ stabilizers, whereas the arches of the metatarsus and tarsus have only ________ stabilizers.
Passive
Dynamic
What are the active/dynamic stabilizers of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
Flexor Hallucis Longus M. Fibularis Longus M. Intrinsic plantar muscles Tibialis Posterior M. Tibialis Anterior M.
***Think FFITT – when you’re “active” you’re “FFITT”
What are the passive stabilizers of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
Plantar Aponeurosis
Short Plantar Ligament
Long Plantar Ligament
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring Ligament)
This is the term for the loss of the Transverse Arch.
Pes transversoplanus (splay foot)
This is the term for the loss of longitudinal arch.
Pes planus (flat foot)
Pes planus (flat feet) usually occurs in the Medial Longitudinal Arch because why?
Plantar Ligaments and Plantar Aponeurosis become abnormally stretched.
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament can no longer support Talus head
The ankle (talocrural) joint is formed by the Tibia and Fibula and the Talus (trochlea). The joint forms a three-sided mortise (deep socket) formed by two ________ and inferior Tibia.
Malleoli
The malleoli grip on the trochlea (Talus) strongest during ________.
Dorsiflexion
What type of joint is the ankle?
Hinge joint (synovial)
The ankle has an articular capsule that is thin anteriorly and posteriorly and is supported by strong _______ _______ on either side.
Collateral Ligaments
This ligament stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion.
Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
The Medial (Deltoid) Ligament has four parts named from the leg bone to the foot bone they attach to. What are the parts?
Anterior Tibiotalar part
Tibionavicular part
Tibiocalcaneal part
Posterior Tibiotalar part
This is the name for a severe eversion of the ankle. The Fibular and Medial Malleolus are fractured, and the Medial (Deltoid) Ligament is torn.
Pott’s Fracture-Dislocation
This ligament is also on the medial border of the ankle and goes from the Sustentaculum Tali to the navicular.
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (Spring Ligament)
The lateral ankle consists of three discrete ligaments that attach the Lateral Malleolus to the Talus and Calcaneus. They are named from the foot bone to the leg bone they attach. What are these ligaments?
Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
The Posterior Tibiofibular L. and Anterior Tibiofibular L. make up what?
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (Syndesmotic Ligaments)
What injury is the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (Syndesmotic Ligaments) associated with?
High ankle sprain
There are two important intertarsal joints, which are…
Transverse Tarsal Joint Subtalar Joint (Talocalcanean Joint)
What does the Transverse Tarsal Joint consist of?
Calcaneocuboid Joint
Talonavicular Joint
***Two separate joints aligned transversely
The Transverse Tarsal Joint working together permit slight rotation and thus add to inversion and eversion at the ________ Joint.
Talocalcaneal
Transection across the Transverse Tarsal Joint is a standard method for what?
Surgical amputation of the foot
This joint is where the Talus rests on the Calcaneus and its main movements are inversion and eversion.
Subtalar (Talocalcanean) Joint
The fibrous capsule of the Subtalar (Talocalcanean) Joint is supported by…
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
T/F. The ankle is the most frequently injured joint in the body.
True
Ankle sprains (ligament fiber tears) are almost always an (EVERSION/INVERSION) injury.
Inversion
This ligament always tears first in an inversion ankle sprain.
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
***ATF ligament = Always Tears First (ATF)
This ankle ligaments connects the Fibula (Lateral Malleolus) to the Calcaneus.
Calcaneofibular Ligament
These two ligaments provide support anterolaterally and posterolaterally to the ankle joint.
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
Posterior Talofibular Ligament
The Extensor Retinaculum is divided into two sections. This section of Extensor Retinaculum runs transversely alone the distal anterior leg.
Superficial Extensor Retinaculum
The Extensor Retinaculum is divided into two sections. This section of Extensor Retinaculum runs transversely alone the proximal dorsal foot.
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
