Anterior & Lateral Leg

Question 1

The Crural Fascia is the deep fascia of the leg and continuous with the _______ _______. It covers the leg muscles and is part of the proximal attachment of underlying muscles. It thickens distally to form the ________ _________.

Answer 1

Fascia Lata

Extensor Retinaculum

Question 2

This septum separates the anterior leg compartment from the lateral leg compartment.

Answer 2

Anterior septum

Question 3

This septum separates the lateral leg compartment from the posterior (superficial) leg compartment.

Answer 3

Posterior septum

Question 4

What separates the anterior leg compartment from the posterior (deep) compartment?

Answer 4

Interosseous membrane

Question 5

What are the muscles within the anterior leg compartment?

Answer 5

Tibialis Anterior M.
Extensor Hallucis Longus M.
Extensor Digitorum Longus M.
Fibularis Tertius M.

Question 6

What are the primary function of the anterior leg compartment?

Answer 6

Dorsiflexion

Toe extension

Question 7

This is the a long, thick muscle on the anterolateral surface of the Tibia. It attaches proximally to the lateral tibial condyle and distally to the medial side of first cuneiform and first metatarsal.

Answer 7

Tibialis Anterior M.

Question 8

What are the functions of the Tibialis Anterior M.?

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion

Inversion

Question 9

The Extensor Digitorum Longus M. attaches proximally to the lateral tibial condyle, anterior fibula, and interosseous membrane. How does it attach distally?

Answer 9

Four tendons create extensor expansions over lateral four digits.

Two lateral slips – go to distal phalanx
One central slip – go to middle phalanx

Question 10

What are the functions of the Extensor Digitorum Longus M.?

Answer 10

Extends lateral four digits

Dorsiflexion

Question 11

This muscle fuses with the Extensor Digitorum Longus M. proximally and its tendon does NOT attach to a digit. Sometimes absent.

Answer 11

Fibularis Tertius M.

***DO NOT confuse this muscle with other “fibularis” muscles – those are in lateral compartment

Question 12

This muscle attaches proximally to the anteroinferior fibula and distally to the dorsum of the fifth metatarsal.

Answer 12

Fibularis Tertius M.

Question 13

What functions does the Fibularis Tertius M. perform?

Answer 13

Dorsiflexion

Eversion

Question 14

This muscle is lateral to the Tibialis Anterior M. and attaches proximally to the anteromedial fibula and interosseous membrane. Distally attaches to the base of distal phalanx of hallux.

Answer 14

Extensor Hallucis Longus M.

***Runs medial to Extensor Digitorum Longus M. – more central in the foot

Question 15

This nerve supplies all muscles of the anterior leg compartment.

Answer 15

Deep Fibular N.

Question 16

The Deep Fibular N. runs inferomedially with the _______ _______ vessels between the Tibialis Anterior M. and the Extensor Hallucis Longus M.

Answer 16

Anterior Tibial (A. and V.)

Question 17

Where does the Deep Fibular N. provide cutaneous innervation?

Answer 17

Skin between the first and second digit

Question 18

This artery arises from the Popliteal A. and supplies blood to the anterior leg compartment.

Answer 18

Anterior Tibial A.

Question 19

What demarcates the approximate point of the division of the Anterior and Posterior Tibial As.?

Answer 19

Tibial Tuberosity

Question 20

The Anterior Tibial A. passes anteriorly over the Interosseous Membrane with the Deep Fibular N., between which muscles?

Answer 20

Extensor Hallucis Longus M.

Tibialis Anterior M.

Question 21

Where does the Anterior Tibial A. terminate?

Answer 21

At ankle between malleoli to become Dorsalis Pedis A.

Question 22

What muscles are in the lateral leg compartment?

Answer 22

Fibularis Brevis M.

Fibularis Longus M.

Question 23

This is a list of over 7,500 internationally accepted terms for anatomical structures decided by the Federation of Associations of Anatomists (FIAA).

Answer 23

Terminologia Anatomica

Question 24

This muscle extends form the fibular head to the sole of the foot and is superficial to Fibularis Brevis M.

Answer 24

Fibularis Longus M.

Question 25

The Fibularis Longus M. attaches proximally to the fibular head, then passes inferior just posterior to the ________ _______ and attaches distally across the sole of the foot to the _______ _______ and _______ _______.

Answer 25

Lateral Malleolus First Metatarsal Medial Cuneiform

Question 26

What are the functions of the Fibularis Longus M.?

Answer 26

Eversion | Plantar flexion

Question 27

This is a component of the Calcaneus that separates the tendons of Fibularis Longus M. and Fibularis Brevis M.

Answer 27

Fibular Trochlea ***Ridge on lateral surface of Calcaneus

Question 28

This tarsal bone is the most lateral and contains a groove for the Fibularis Longus M.

Answer 28

Cuboid

Question 29

What is the name for the groove on the Cuboid for the Fibularis Longus M.?

Answer 29

Cuboid sulcus

Question 30

This bone articulates with the Calcaneus posteriorly, 4th and 5th metatarsals anteriorly, and Navicular and Lateral Cuneiform medially.

Answer 30

Cuboid

Question 31

This muscle is deep to Fibularis Longus M.

Answer 31

Fibularis Brevis M.

Question 32

The proximal attachment for the Fibularis Brevis M. is the inferolateral Tibia, then it descends posterior to the _______ _______ and attaches distally to the dorsal surface of the lateral tuberosity of the ________ ________.

Answer 32

Lateral Malleolus | Fifth Metatarsal

Question 33

What are the functions of the Fibularis Brevis M.?

Answer 33

Eversion Plantar flexion ***Same as Fibularis Longus M.

Question 34

This branch of the Common Fibular N. begins between the Fibularis Longus M. and the Fibula.

Answer 34

Superficial Fibular N.

Question 35

What does the Deep Fibular N. innervate?

Answer 35

``` Anterior leg compartment Ankle joint Metacarpal phalangeal joints Dorsal intrinsic foot muscles Skin b/w first and second digits ```

Question 36

The Superficial Fibular N. descends between Fibularis Longus and Brevis Ms. then runs lateral to which muscle?

Answer 36

Extensor Digitorum Longus M.

Question 37

What does the Superficial Fibular N. innervate?

Answer 37

Lateral leg compartment Anteroinferior leg (cutaneous) Dorsal surface of foot (cutaneous) Dorsal aspect of digits (cutaneous) ***Except between digits 1 and 2 -- these have cutaneous innervation via Deep Fibular N.

Question 38

Why is the Common Fibular N. the most commonly injured LE nerve?

Answer 38

Because it winds superficially around the fibular head

Question 39

What does injury to the Common Fibular N. result in?

Answer 39

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral leg compartment muscles -- results in foot drop from loss of dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 40

If a patient presents with a high-stepping gait, and they swing their leg strongly forward with their foot striking the ground with a "clop", what is the diagnosis?

Answer 40

Injury to Common Fibular N. Patient is experiencing foot drop

Question 41

If there is an injury to the Common Fibular N., where would there be loss of sensation?

Answer 41

Anterolateral leg | Dorsum of foot

Question 42

What provides arterial supply to the lateral leg compartment?

Answer 42

Branches passing anteriorly from the Fibular A. ***Only compartment without a distinct arterial branch traveling the compartment nerve (Superficial Fibular N.)

Question 43

This artery is the largest branch of the Posterior Tibial A.

Answer 43

Fibular A.

Question 44

Leg compartmental syndromes occur due the septa being very tough and trauma causing hemorrhage, edema, and inflammation. The intracompartmental pressure may lead to ischemia and permanent injury. What is a way to relieve pressure for this?

Answer 44

Fasciotomy -- incising fascia to relieve pressure within the compartment

Question 45

This is caused by repetitive micro trauma to the Tibialis Anterior M. It induces small tears to the periosteum over the Tibia and to the overlying deep fascia.

Answer 45

Shin splints

Question 46

Shin splints are considered a mild form of compartmental syndrome due to the swelling of the ________ ________ from repetitive ground reaction force.

Answer 46

Tibialis Anterior M.