Femoral Triangle

Question 1

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

Superior – Inguinal Ligament
Medial – Lateral border of Adductor Longus M.
Lateral – Medial border of Sartorius M.

Question 2

What is the apex of the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

Where the medial border of the Sartorius M. crosses the lateral border of the Adductor Longus M.

Question 3

This landmark of the femoral triangle runs from the ASIS to the Pubic Tubercle.

Answer 3

Inguinal Ligament

Question 4

What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Iliacus M. (laterally)
Psoas Major M. (laterally)
Pectineus M. (medially)

***Together, Iliacus and Psoas Major can be called Iliopsoas M.

Question 5

What is the roof of the femoral triangle (from deep to superficial)?

Answer 5

Fascia Lata
Cribriform Fascia
Subcutaneous Tissue
Skin

Question 6

This thin, dense layer of CT surrounds the two thighs like a pair of pantyhose. It surrounds all surfaces of the skeletal muscles, thereby producing intermuscular septa.

Answer 6

Fascia Lata

Question 7

The Fascia Lata divides the thigh into three muscular compartments, which are…

Answer 7

Medial
Anterior
Posterior

Question 8

Most of the fibers of the Fascia Lata are oriented horizontally, however on the lateral surfaces of the thigh and proximal tibia its fibers are vertically oriented and known as the ________ ________.

Answer 8

Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)

Question 9

The _________ of the Gluteus Maximus M. and Fascia Lata contributes to the formation of the Iliotibial Tract.

Answer 9

Aponeuroses

Question 10

The Iliacus M. originates on the Ilium (of the hip bone) and the Psoas Major M. originates on T12-L5. Both of these muscles pass deep to the Inguinal Ligament to insert on the…

Answer 10

Lesser Trochanter of the Femur

Question 11

What actions does the Iliopsoas M. perform?

Answer 11

Flex the hip or thigh

Question 12

This fascia is superficial to the Fascia Lata and is only within the femoral triangle.

Answer 12

Cribriform Fascia

Question 13

This space is deep to the Inguinal Ligament and provides an important passageway connecting the trunk to the LE. It has two compartments.

Answer 13

Retroinguinal Space

Question 14

What are the compartments of the Retroinguinal Space?

Answer 14

Muscular compartment

Vascular compartment

Question 15

What lies within the muscular compartment of the Retroinguinal Space?

Answer 15

Iliopsoas M.

Femoral N.

Question 16

What lies within the vascular compartment of the Retroinguinal Space?

Answer 16

Femoral A.
Femoral V.
Lymphatic vessels (Femoral Canal)

Question 17

The Femoral N. provides motor innervation to what muscles?

Answer 17

Iliacus M.
Quadriceps Femoris (4 muscles)
Sartorius M.
Pectinous M.

***Quadriceps Femoris consists of: Rectus Femoris M., Vastus Lateralis M., Vastus Intermedius M., and Vastus Medialis M.

Question 18

What spinal nerves supply the Femoral N.?

Answer 18

L2-L4

Question 19

The Femoral N. provides sensory innervation to what?

Answer 19

Cutaneous branches to the anterior and medial thigh

Question 20

The extraperitoneal areolar tissue that surrounds the external iliac vessels in the abdomen extend into the anterior thigh as the ________ ________. This surrounds the femoral vessels and some lymphatic vessels deep to the Fascia Lata.

Answer 20

Femoral Sheath

Question 21

The Femoral Sheath is a funnel-shaped sheath divided into what compartments? What are their contents?

Answer 21

Lateral Compartment – contains Femoral A.

Middle Compartment – contains Femoral V.

Medial Compartment (Femoral Canal) – Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels

Question 22

The Femoral Canal is continuous with the abdominal cavity via the _______ _______, or the superior opening of the Femoral Canal.

Answer 22

Femoral Ring

Question 23

The Femoral Ring is closed by extraperitoneal fatty tissue that forms the transversely oriented _______ _______. The abdominal surface of this is covered by parietal peritoneum.

Answer 23

Femoral Septum

Question 24

The Femoral Septum is pierced by lymphatic vessels connecting what lymph nodes?

Answer 24

Inguinal LNs to the External Iliac LNs

Question 25

If abdominal viscera, such as the small intestine, protrudes through the Femoral Ring into the Femoral Canal, then what results?

Answer 25

Femoral Hernia

Question 26

T/F. Femoral Hernias occur in males more frequently than women.

Answer 26

False. Femoral Hernias occur in females more often due to the differences in the osteology of the os coxae (hip bones).

Question 27

This is a continuation of the Femoral N. that supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial leg and ankle.

Answer 27

Saphenous N.

Question 28

What are the contents of the Femoral Triangle?

Answer 28

Femoral N.
Femoral A.
Femoral V.
Lymphatic vessels (Femoral Canal)

***Remember N.A.V.e.L

Question 29

This is the continuation of the External Iliac A., and enters the thigh beneath the Inguinal Ligament midway between the ASIS and Pubic Tubercle.

Answer 29

Femoral A.

Question 30

What are the branches of the Femoral A.?

Answer 30

External Pudendal A.
Superficial Circumflex Iliac A.
Superficial Epigastric A.
Profunda Femoris A. (Deep Femoral A.)

Question 31

This branch of the Femoral A. supplies the penis and scrotum in the male, vulva and lower vagina in the female, plus the lower half of the anal canal.

Answer 31

External Pudendal A.

Question 32

This branch of the Femoral A. supplies the lateral thigh.

Answer 32

Superficial Circumflex Iliac A.

Question 33

This branch of the Femoral A. supplies the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus.

Answer 33

Superficial Epigastric A.

Question 34

This is the largest branch of the Femoral A. and has two circumflex branches that supply the hip joint and gluteal region.

Answer 34

Profunda Femoris A. (Deep Femoral A.)

Question 35

What are the branches of the Profunda Femoris A.?

Answer 35

Medial Femoral Circumflex A.
Lateral Femoral Circumflex A.

***Also has 4 perforating arteries to the anterior, medial, and posterior thigh

Question 36

This branch of the Profunda Femoris A. supplies the head and neck of the femur via its branches, the Posterior Retinacular As.

Answer 36

Medial Femoral Circumflex A.

***Anastomoses with Lateral Femoral Circumflex A.

Question 37

This branch of the Profunda Femoris A. supplies muscles on the lateral side of the thigh.

Answer 37

Lateral Femoral Circumflex A.

***Anastomoses with Medial Femoral Circumflex A.

Question 38

This is a procedure done through the Femoral A. It provides the doctor with a “road map” of the arteries in the heart and finds any areas of blockage. Can help in decision making for treatment of heart disease.

Answer 38

Cardiac Catheterization (also called Heart Cath or Coronary Angiogram)

Question 39

A (FEMORAL/INGUINAL) hernia is below and lateral to the pubic tubercle, while a (FEMORAL/INGUINAL) hernia is above and medial to the pubic tubercle.

Answer 39

Femoral

Inguinal

Question 40

These arteries branch off the Medial Femoral Circumflex A. and supply the head and neck of the Femur.

Answer 40

Posterior Retinacular As.

Question 41

This vein is contained in the superficial fascia of the lower limb. It begins on the dorsum of the foot and ascent on the medial side of the leg.

Answer 41

Great Saphenous V.

Question 42

The Great Saphenous V. continues on the medial thigh and passes through the Saphenous Hiatus to join the…

Answer 42

Femoral V.

Question 43

These LNs lie medial to the Femoral V. within the Femoral Triangle. They receive deep lymph vessels of the lower limb, perineal region, and efferent vessels from the Superficial Inguinal LNs.

Answer 43

Deep Inguinal LNs

Question 44

What do the Deep Inguinal LNs empty into?

Answer 44

External Iliac LNs