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Geography > Food production > Flashcards

Food production Flashcards

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1
Q

What is arable farming?

A

The farming of crops (wheat)

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2
Q

What is pastoral farming?

A

The farming of animals (steak, cotton)

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3
Q

What is mixed farming?

A

The farming of both crops and animals

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4
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Farming for just yourself/ your family for survival, usually basic

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5
Q

What is commercial farming?

A

Farming for the purpose of generating income/profit, usually mass production

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6
Q

What is extensive farming?

A

Farming with a large amount of land and few inputs, is usually used because it uses significantly less pollution

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7
Q

What is intensive farming?

A

Farming with little amounts of land but high amounts of input, used to save space

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8
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Farming without using any chemicals

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9
Q

In terms of food production, what are inputs, and give some examples

A

Inputs are what goes into a farm in order for the processes to take place. examples are Land, energy, and fertilizers

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10
Q

In terms of food production, what are processes, and give some examples

A

Processes are the actions that are carried out on a farm. Examples are, fertilizing, harvesting and ploughing.

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11
Q

In terms of food production, what are outputs?

A

Outputs are the final results of your food production. Your main product will be sold, however. By-products and waste products while be reused or thrown away.

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12
Q

What are some factors that influence farming?

A

Temperature
Precipitation
Soil type
Irrigation
Relief
Economic factors
Social & cultural factors
Political factors

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13
Q

How does temperature affect farming?

A

Each type of crop requires a minimum growing temperature and a minimum growing season

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14
Q

How does precipitation affect farming?

A

the water that comes from precipitation is necessary for plants growth and animals hydration.

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15
Q

How does soil type affect farming?

A
  • Fertile soil is necessary for farming as plants need it to grow and animals need grass to eat.
  • areas in close proximity to water & volcanos have very high soil fertility.
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16
Q

How does irrigation affect farming?

A

Irrigation systems are only needed in areas with insufficient rainfall, the water they supply is essential to hydrate animals and allow plants to grow

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17
Q

How does relief affect farming?

A
  • Steep slopes may require terracing for farming
  • The higher up you go the harder it is to farm, it’s tricky to place machinery.
18
Q

How do Economic factors affect farming?

A
  • Lots of money is required if your type of farming commercial
  • Transport is usually necessary to deliver food to buyer
  • Better technology/mechanisation in a country leads to more efficient farming
19
Q

How do social factors affect farming?

A

Low-income countries tend to have more subsistent farming.
- Historically men have owned the land, and they will usually pass it down to their sons, leads to a lack of women in the industry

20
Q

How do political factors affect farming?

A
  • Countries can give subsidies to farmers to produce more food for citizens
  • Countries can give money to farms to stop farming in order to regrow land/ save the environment
21
Q

What & Where is the Lower Ganges Valley?

A
  • The Lower Ganges valley is India’s most extensive and productive agricultural area, it is a v-shaped valley with a river passing through
  • The valley is located through the Himalayas, in India and Bangladesh, which are both L.E.D.C
22
Q

What is the climate like in the Lower Ganges River?

A
  • The temperature is 21 degrees Celcius throughout the whole year, allowing two lots of crops to be grown annually
  • Lots of rainfall, In monsoon season, there is 2000 mm of rainfall, which is sufficient for all of the rice to be grown
23
Q

What are some facts about the rice used in the Lower Ganges River?

A
  • Rice needs a growing season of only 100 days
  • The rice crop gives high yields per hectare
24
Q

What is the farming system like in the Lower Ganges River?

A
  • Subsistant type of farming
  • no irrigation is needed, floods supply all of the water
  • Due to the country being an LEDC, there is barely any mechanization
25
Q

What is the soil type like in the Lower Ganges River

A
  • Alluvial deposits that come from the rivers leave the soil very fertile
  • There is one important dry period for harvesting
26
Q

What is food security and what are food shortages

A
  • Food security is the availability of food in a country - if you have food security you have access to a sufficient amount of food
  • Food shortage is the problem of not being able to distribute food all around the country
27
Q

What is malnutrition

A

to not have enough food to be healthy, causes body to start to shut down

28
Q

What are some causes of food shortage?

A

soil exhaustion
drought
floods
diseases
Rapidly rising population
Transportation difficulties
War/conflict

29
Q

What are some short-term effects of food shortages?

A

Malnutrition - this leads to:
Tiredness
Reduced resistance to diseases
Loss of appetite

30
Q

What are some long-term effects of food shortages?

A

Malnutrition - this leads to:
Diabetes
Heart diseases
Stunted growth
Reduced intellectual potential - proved by a study in Rwanda

31
Q

What is a common disease caued by malnutrition

A

Rickets - vitamin D deficiency

32
Q

Where is Sudan located and what is happening there

A

Sudan is located in north Africa. It is known for 60% of their population not getting their minimum food needs - food shortage

33
Q

What are the causes of the food shortage in Sudan

A
  • 20 year long Civil war, fighting makes it unsafe to farm
  • Civil war also reduced money avaliable for farming and transportation
  • Diseases withing the country, UN choose not to bring food in to country for safety of driver
34
Q

What were the impacts of the food shortages and the war in Sudan?

A
  • Economic instability
  • Malnutrition and food crisis - shown in:
    -March 2013 - WFP warned that more than 4.1 million people were short of food in South Sudan that year
    -July 2014 - Un declared countries food situation worst in the world
    -May 2016 - more than 5 million people High crime rates
35
Q

Explain the green revoloution

A

The green revoloution began in 1960’s. It brought along new vritions of food such as rice, it also brought along a greater yeild in the same space

36
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of the green revoloution

A

Advantages:
- Higher employment in areas - good for economy
- Yields are double or more times greater than it was traditionally
- Greater variety in food for communities
Disadvantages:
Crops are more susceptible to pests and diseases - this leads to higher inputs of fertilizer and pesticides, which are more costly

37
Q

Explain food aid

A

Food aid is a program that helps citizens of a country in times of crisis by bringing food into the country and distributing it

38
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of food aid

A

Advantages:
-Provides immediate relief to individuals and communities
- Builds relationships between countries
Disadvantages
- Creates dependancy on aid sometimes
- Costly

39
Q

What is soil conservation?

A

Soil conservation is the act of protecting the soil from degradation.

40
Q

What methods are used in soil conservation

A

-putting organic matter into the soil regularly
- Contour stones and terraces

41
Q

How does putting organic matter into the soil regularly help protect the soil

A

it feeds nutrients into the soil, therefore making it more fertile

42
Q

How do contour stones and terraces help protect the soil?

A
  • they prevent soil from being blown or washed away
  • increases the levels of irrigation by holding more water on each level.

Geography (12 decks)

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