Food Preparation Flashcards
What skill level is pastry making?
High
What skill level is making a roux sauce?
High
What skill level is making meringues?
High
What skill level is making bread?
Medium
What are the three most common meats eaten in the UK?
Beef, pork and lamb
What are four most common types of poultry eaten in the UK?
Chicken, turkey, duck and goose
What are the edible internal organs of animals known as?
Offal
How old are lambs when they are slaughtered for meat?
6 months
Are males or females more commonly uses to make beef?
Males (females are needed for milk)
What is meat made up of?
Long, thin muscles fibres held together with connective tissue
Which type of meat (tough or tender) should you cook for longer?
Tough
Why should you cook tough types of meat e.g. shin for longer times?
The muscles are tougher because they have been worked more.
What cuts of meat can be cooked for shorted periods of time?
Fillet, sirloin or rump
What meats and poultry can be served pink or raw?
Beef, lamb and duck.
What are the three types of fish?
Oily, white and shellfish
Give examples of oily fish
salmon, tuna, sardines and mackerel
Give examples of white fish
cod, haddock, whiting, plaice, sole and coley
Give examples of shellfish
prawns, shrimps, scampi, crabs, mussels and oysters
Why does fish cook quickly?
Muscles and short and connective tissue is thin
What should fresh fish smell like?
The sea
What colour should the gills of fresh fish be?
Bright red or pink
What should fresh shellfish be like?
Tightly closed shells and a fresh smell
What should the eyes of fresh fish be like?
Clear and not sunken. They should not be cloudy
What are the main cereals eaten in the UK?
wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley and rye
What is strong flour higher in?
The protein gluten
What type of rice is higher in fibre?
Wholegrain fibre
What forms of fruits and vegetables are available?
Dried Canned/tinned Frozen Juice Jam Glace Crystallised Candied
What types of vegetables are there?
Roots Tubers Bulbs Stems Leaves Flowers Seeds Fungi
What animals eggs are commonly eaten in the UK?
Chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks and quails
What size chicken eggs are sold in the UK?
small, medium, large and very large
The cheapest eggs are kept in what conditions?
Cages
The most expensive eggs are kept in what conditions?
Free range
What does a fresh egg yolk look like?
Firm, round and even colour.
How does egg white change as eggs get older?
It becomes thinner
Where should eggs be stored?
Fridge
How should eggs be stored?
Point end down and away from strong smelling foods
How do eggs absorb strong smells?
Through the pores (holes) in their shells
What ways can eggs be used?
Whisked As a glaze To set a mixture To bind To coat To emulsify
Give an example of a product that uses egg as an emulsifier.
Mayonnaise
Give an example of a product that uses whisked eggs.
Meringues and swiss roll
Why is milk known as a complete food?
Because it contains almost all nutrients we need
What forms of milk are available in the UK?
Whole Semi-skimmed Skimmed UHT (ultra heat treated) Sterilised Evaporated Condensed Dried Vegetable e.g. coconut
What are the four most common types of cream used in the UK?
Single, double, whipping and clotted.
What are the three types of cheese available?
Blue, hard and soft
Name two vegetable proteins
Quorn and soya (tofu is made from soya beans)
How can a sauce be thickened?
Roux, cornflour, arrowroot (very similar to cornflour), egg yolk and reducing
Why do chefs use sauces?
Add colour Add flavour Add texture Bind foods together Improve appearance
A sauce that binds ingredients together is known as what?
A panada
What are the five main cake making methods?
Rubbing in Melting Creaming Whisking All in one
Which cake making method is lowest in fat?
Whisking
Why are convenience products sometimes used in the Catering industry?
Save time preparing from fresh Can save money e.g. if out of season Can save on air miles Have a longer shelf life Quick to prepare and cook Consistent quality Easy to use for low-skilled chefs Easy to store Good to have as a stand-by
What types of convenience foods are available?
Fresh e.g. sliced bread Canned e.g. baked beans Dried e.g. dried fruit Frozen e.g. peas Chilled e.g. coleslaw Vacuum packed e.g. rice Portion controlled e.g. butter portions
