FOM: BSS Flashcards
HBM: Percieved severity
- Definition
- example
- The probability that a person will change their health behaviours to avoid a consequence depends on how serious they believe the consequence to be
- People who think STD’s aren’t serious are less likely to wear condoms
HBM: perceived susceptibility
- Definition
- Example
- People will not change their health behaviours unless they believe they are at risk
- E.g. individuals who do not think they will get the flu, won’t get vaccinated
HBM: perceived benefits
- A benefit that will convince someone to change their health behaviours
- Stopping smoking will improve someones health
HBM: perceived barriers
- Barriers that people may think prevent them from changing their health behaviours
- E.g. discomfort, expense, inconvenience
HBM: cues to action
- Outside input that can initiate a change in personal health behaviours
- E.g. media campaigns, physician reminders etc.
HBM: cues to action
- Outside input that can initiate a change in personal health behaviours
- E.g. media campaigns, physician reminders etc.
HBM: self-efficacy
- A persons belief in their ability to make health related change
- E.g. if a person believes they are able to quit smoking, they are more likely to
Lay diagnosis:
- A non-professionals attempt to describe and classify their symptoms
Lay diagnosis:
- A non-professionals attempt to describe and classify their symptoms
Why should shared decision making (SDM) be standard practise?: (3)
- Essential for respecting all four pillars of medicine
- Less legal action can occur
- Important to hear the patients lay perspective
How to achieve shared decision making: (3)
- Make it clear that there is no one best choice, but a decision must be made
- Positives and negatives of options
- Build rapport / trust
Doc/patient relationship: paternalistic
- info exchange:
- Deliberation:
- Decision making:
- Minimal medical info from doctor to patient
- Doctor leads the discussion
- Doctor makes the decision and the patient agrees
Doc/patient relationship: Shared (mutual):
- Info exchange
- Deliberation
- Decision making
- Doctor and patient share all relevant information
- Doctor and patient discuss together
- Shared decision making
Doc/patient relationship: Informed (consumerist)
- Info exchange
- Deliberation
- Decision making
_ Largely from doctor to patient
- Patient lists the information
- Patient makes the decision
When may a paternalistic approach be appropriate?
- Acute/emergency scenarios
When may a shared (mutual) approach be appropriate?
- Long-term conditions where a patient has gained extensive knowledge (e.g. asthma, arthritis)
When may an informed (consumerist) approach be appropriate?
- Participation in clinical research
Preference sensitive decisions:
- When there is more than one treatment option
Reasons for non-compliance: (3)
-Concerns
-views
Possible
- Concerns about side-effects
- Views about appropriate treatment
- Practical barriers
Concordance:
- Agreement about treatment
- Means patients are more likely to adhere
Placebo effect:
- The positive response of a person to an inert substance or innervation
- Or, to an active intervention, but a much larger response then expected
Nocebo response:
- Harm rather than benefit caused
- More likely if a person has previous experience of adverse effects
Context effects (placebo/nocebo): (5)
- T C
- P C
- P/P R
- H-C S
- Treatment characteristics: colour, size, drug shape
- Patients characteristics: beliefs, anxiety, adherence)
- Patient/practitioner relationship: reassurance, compassion
- Health-care setting: home, hospital
Health systems:
- Consists of all organisations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore and maintain health