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Medicine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve I: sensory

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Olfactory: sensory
  • Olfaction (sense of smell)
  • Fibres run through a feature of the ethmoid bone known as the cribriform plate
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2
Q

Cranial nerve II: Sensory

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
  • Identifying features:
A
  • Optic nerve
  • Optics (sense of sight)
  • Runs through the optic canal (sphenoid bone).
  • Identifiable by the x-shaped optic chiasm
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3
Q

Cranial nerve III: motor and PS

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Oculomotor: (motor and PS)
  • Motor to oculus (moves eye)
  • Runs through Superior Orbital Fissure (SOF)
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4
Q

Cranial nerve IV: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Trochlear nerve: motor
  • Related to the trochlea (eye muscle)
  • Runs through SOF
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5
Q

Cranial nerve V: Sensory and motor

  • Names:
  • V1: route
  • V2: route FR
  • V3: route FO
  • Functions:
A
  • Trigeminal (has three parts)
  • V1: Ophthalmic
  • SOF
  • V2: Maxillary
  • Foramen rotundum
  • V3 Mandibular
  • Foramen oval
  • Roles: All three provide sensory to face, V3 also provides motor fibres to muscles of mastication
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6
Q

Cranial nerve VI: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Abducens
  • Motor to abductor muscle (abducts the eye)
  • SOF
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7
Q

Cranial nerve VII: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route: IAM, SF
A
  • Facial nerve
  • Supplies muscles of facial expression
  • Internal auditory meatus, runs through skull and exits via stylomastoid foramen, splitting into 5 terminal motor nerves
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8
Q

Cranial nerve VIII: sensory

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • Balance (vestibular) and hearing (cochlear)
  • Internal acoustic meatus
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9
Q

Cranial nerve IX: Both and PS

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Motor and sensory to tongue and sensory to pharynx
  • Enters via jugular foramen between temporal and occipital bones
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10
Q

Cranial nerve X: Both and PS

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Vagus
  • Extensive function: somatic motor to pharynx and larynx. Somatic and visceral sensation , parasympathetic to thoracoabdominal viscera
  • Jugular foramen
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11
Q

Cranial nerve XI: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Accessory
  • “Shrug” nerve, motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
  • Jugular foramen
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12
Q

Cranial nerve XII: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
  • Hypoglossal canal (occipital bone)
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13
Q

Trapezius:

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Raises scapulas/shoulders
  • Accessory nerve
  • n/a
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14
Q

Rhomboids

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Retracts/rotates scapula
  • Dorsal scapular nerve
  • C4 - C5
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15
Q

Serratus anterior

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Rotates scapula
  • Long thoracian nerve
  • C5 - C7
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16
Q

Pectoralis Major

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Adduction + medial rotation
  • Lateral/medial pectoral nerves
  • C8 - T1
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17
Q

Pectoralis minor

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • stabilises the scapula anteriorly
  • medial pectoral nerve
  • C7-T1
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18
Q

Deltoid

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation
  • axillary nerve
  • C5-C6
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19
Q

Teres major

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Adduction, extension
  • Lower subscapular nerve
  • C5-C8
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20
Q

Latissimus dorsi:

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Extends, adducts and medially rotates
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
  • T6-S5
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21
Q

Levator scapulae

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Elevates scapula
  • Dorsal scapular nerve
  • C1-C4
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22
Q 
Shoulder joint (glenohumeral): 
- Type of joint:
- Stabilised by: 
Gh L
Ch L
Cc L 
T H L
A
  • Synovial ball and socket

- Glenohumeral, Coracohumeral, coracoclavicular and transverse humeral ligaments

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23
Q

Triceps

  • Action at elbow
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Extension
  • Radial nerve
  • C7
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24
Q

Biceps

  • Action at elbow
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Flexion
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • C6
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25
Q

Brachialis

  • Action at elbow
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Flexion
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • C6
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26
Q

Radioulnar joints

  • Type of joint
  • Action at joint
A
  • Pivot type synovial

- Pronation and supination

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27
Q

Pronator

  • Action in forearm
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Pronation
  • Median nerve
  • C6-T1
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28
Q

Supinator

  • Action in forearm
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Pronation
  • Posterior interosseous
  • C7-C8
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29
Q

Cubital fossa borders:

A
  • Lateral: brachioradialis
  • Medial: Pronator teres
  • Superior: medial epicondyle
30
Q

Anatomical snuffbox borders:

A
  • Medial (ulnar border): extensor pollicis longus tendon
  • Lateral (radial) border) extensor pollicis brevis tendon
  • Proximal border: styloid process of the radius
31
Q

Sacral plexus:

- Consists of:

A
  • Mainly formed by S1-S4, contribution from L4 and L5
32
Q

Sacral plexus: Superior gluteal nerve

  • Roots:
  • Motor functions:
  • Sensory functions:
A
  • L4, L5, S1
  • Innervates gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata
  • No sensory function
33
Q

Sacral plexus: Inferior gluteal nerve

  • Roots:
  • Motor functions:
  • Sensory functions:
A
  • L5, S1, S2
  • Innervates gluteus maximus
  • None
34
Q

Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve

  • Roots:
  • Motor functions:
  • Sensory functions:
A
  • L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
  • Tibial portion: Innervates posterior compartment of the thigh, Innervates posterior compartment of the leg and sole of the foot.
    Common fibular portion – Short head of biceps femoris, anterior and lateral compartments of the leg and extensor digitorum brevis.
  • Tibial portion: supplies the skin of the posterolateral leg, lateral foot and the sole of the foot.
  • Common fibular portion: supplies the skin of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot.
35
Q

sacral plexus: posterior femoral cutaneous

  • Roots:
  • Motor functions:
  • Sensory functions:
A
  • S1, S2, S3
  • None
  • Innervates skin on the posterior side of the leg and thigh
36
Q

Sacral plexus: pudendal nerve

  • Roots:
  • Motor functions:
  • Sensory functions:
A
  • S2, S3, S4
  • Innervates the skeletal muscle in the peritoneum: external anal sphincter, external urethral sphincter and levator ani
  • Innervates the penis and clitoris and surrounding skin
37
Q

Femoral triangle borders:

  • Roof
  • Floor
  • Superior:
  • Lateral:
  • Medial:
A
  • Roof – fascia lata.
  • Floor – pectineus, iliopsoas, and adductor longus muscles.
  • Superior border – inguinal ligament
  • Lateral border – sartorius muscle.
  • Medial border – adductor longus muscle. The rest of this muscle forms part of the floor of the triangle.
38
Q

Femoral triangle contents: (lateral to medial) (4)

A
  • Femoral nerve – innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh, and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot.
  • Femoral artery – responsible for the majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb.
  • Femoral vein – the great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein within the triangle.
  • Femoral canal – contains deep lymph nodes and vessels.
39
Q

Popliteal fossa borders:

A

Superomedial border – semimembranosus.
Superolateral border – biceps femoris.
Inferomedial border – medial head of the gastrocnemius.
Inferolateral border – lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris.

40
Q

Popliteal fossa contents: (medial to lateral) (4)

A
  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Fibular nerve
41
Q

Tarsal tunnel contents: (anterior to posterior) (5)

A
  • Tibialis posterior tendon
  • Flexor digitorum longus tendon
  • Posterior tibial artery and vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon
42
Q

Ligaments of the hip joint:

  • Intracapsular: (1)
  • Extracapsular: (3)
A

Intracapsular:
- Ligament of head of femur
Extracapsular:
- Iliofemoral ligament (Y shaped, anterior)
- Pubofemoral ligament (triangle shaped, anterior)
- Ishiofemoral ligament (spiral orientation, posterior)

43
Q

Hip joint flexors:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris and sartorius
  • Femoral nerve
  • L2-L4
44
Q

Hip extensors:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Gluteus maximus, hamstrings

- Inferior gluteal nerve (L4-S2) and sciatic nerve (L4-S3) respectively

45
Q

Hip abductors/Medial rotators:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata
  • Superior gluteal nerve
  • L4-S1
46
Q

Hip adductors:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • pectineus; adductors longus, brevis, magnus
  • femoral nerve
  • L2-L4
47
Q

Hip joint: lateral rotators

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Piriformis, obturator internus/externus,
  • superior gluteal, obturator nerve
  • (L4-S1),
48
Q

Ligaments of the knee: (4)

A
  • Cruciate ligaments: anterior/posterior (criss cross)
  • Patellar ligament: attaches patella to tibia
  • Collateral ligaments: medial and lateral (connect femur to tib and fib)
  • Quadriceps tendon`; attaches femur to quadriceps
49
Q

Knee flexors:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Hamstrings: semimembranous, semitendanous and biceps femoris
  • Sciatic nerve
  • L4-S3
50
Q

Knee extensors:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Femoral nerve
  • L2-L4
51
Q

Ankle ligaments:

A
  • Medial ligament: resists over-eversion

- Lateral ligaments: resists over-inversion

52
Q

Ankle joint plantar flexion:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Gastrocnemius, long flexors, peroneals, soleus
  • Tibial nerve
  • L4-S3
53
Q

Ankle joint dorsiflexion:

  • Muscles
  • Nerve supply
  • Spinal levels
A
  • Tibialis anterior, long toe extensors, peroneus tertius
  • Deep fibular nerve
  • L4-S1
54
Q

Heart valves: Atrioventricular valves

  • Left
  • Right
A
  • Mitral valve: 2 valves

- Tricuspid valve: 3 valves

55
Q

Heart valves: Semilunar valves (2)

A
  • Aortic semilunar valve (3 valves)

- Pulmonary semilunar valve (3 valves)

56
Q

From where does the Left coronary artery arise and what does it supply?

A
  • Left posterior aortic sinus

- Oxygenated blood to cardiac muscle

57
Q

Right coronary artery

  • Origin
  • Supplies
A
  • Anterior coronary sinus

- Right atrium and right ventricle

58
Q
  • Location of coronary sinus

- Where does it collect venous blood from

A
  • Posterior, inferior to the right atrium
59
Q

Fibrous pericardium:

  • Thick or thin:
  • Does it easily stretch:
  • Adherence:
  • Layer
A
  • Thick
  • No
  • Parietal serous pericardium
  • 1st
60
Q

Parietal serous pericardium:

  • Thick or thin:
  • Adherence:
  • Layer
A
  • Thin
  • Fibrous pericardium and pericardial cavity
  • 2nd
61
Q

Viscel serous pericardium:

  • Thick or thin:
  • Adherence:
  • Layer
A
  • Thin
  • Pericardial cavity and myocardium
  • 3rd
62
Q

Pericardial cavity:

A
  • Cavity between parietal and serous pericardium

- Contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid

63
Q

Radial artery:

- What palmar arch does it mainly supply

A
  • Deep palmar arch
64
Q

Ulnar artery:

- Which palmar arch does to supply

A
  • Superficial palmar arch
65
Q

Cephalic vein:

  • Deep or superficial:
  • Commences here:
  • Medial or lateral?:
A
  • Superficial
  • Anatomical snuff box
  • lateral
66
Q

Basilic vein:

  • Deep or superficial
  • Medial or lateral
A
  • Superficial

- Medial

67
Q

Median cubital vein:

  • Position
  • Connections
A
  • Cubital fossa

- Connects basilic and cephalic veins

68
Q

Where do the upper limbs drain to (lymph):

A
  • Axillary lymph nodes
69
Q

Where do the lower limbs drain to:

A
  • External iliac lymph nodes
70
Q

Internal carotid artery:

  • Supplies
  • Foramen:
A
  • Brain, eyes, forehead

- Carotid canal

71
Q

Vertebral arteries:

  • Arise from
  • Travels the neck
  • Foramen
  • Supply
A
  • Subclavian artery
  • Ascends posterior part of neck by passing through holes in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
  • Foramen magnum
  • Both converge to form basilar artery
72
Q

External carotid artery:

  • supplies
  • Division: 6
    1. S T
    2. L
    3. F
    4. A P
    5. O
    6. P A
A
  • Areas external to the skull
  • Ends at parotid gland:
    1. Superior thyroid
    2. Lingual
    3. Facial
    4. Ascending pharyngeal
    5. Occipital
    6. Posterior auricular

Medicine (18 decks)

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