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Medicine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve I: sensory

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Olfactory: sensory
  • Olfaction (sense of smell)
  • Fibres run through a feature of the ethmoid bone known as the cribriform plate
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2
Q

Cranial nerve II: Sensory

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
  • Identifying features:
A
  • Optic nerve
  • Optics (sense of sight)
  • Runs through the optic canal (sphenoid bone).
  • Identifiable by the x-shaped optic chiasm
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3
Q

Cranial nerve III: motor and PS

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Oculomotor: (motor and PS)
  • Motor to oculus (moves eye)
  • Runs through Superior Orbital Fissure (SOF)
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4
Q

Cranial nerve IV: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Trochlear nerve: motor
  • Related to the trochlea (eye muscle)
  • Runs through SOF
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5
Q

Cranial nerve V: Sensory and motor

  • Names:
  • V1: route
  • V2: route FR
  • V3: route FO
  • Functions:
A
  • Trigeminal (has three parts)
  • V1: Ophthalmic
  • SOF
  • V2: Maxillary
  • Foramen rotundum
  • V3 Mandibular
  • Foramen oval
  • Roles: All three provide sensory to face, V3 also provides motor fibres to muscles of mastication
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6
Q

Cranial nerve VI: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Abducens
  • Motor to abductor muscle (abducts the eye)
  • SOF
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7
Q

Cranial nerve VII: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route: IAM, SF
A
  • Facial nerve
  • Supplies muscles of facial expression
  • Internal auditory meatus, runs through skull and exits via stylomastoid foramen, splitting into 5 terminal motor nerves
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8
Q

Cranial nerve VIII: sensory

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • Balance (vestibular) and hearing (cochlear)
  • Internal acoustic meatus
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9
Q

Cranial nerve IX: Both and PS

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Motor and sensory to tongue and sensory to pharynx
  • Enters via jugular foramen between temporal and occipital bones
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10
Q

Cranial nerve X: Both and PS

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Vagus
  • Extensive function: somatic motor to pharynx and larynx. Somatic and visceral sensation , parasympathetic to thoracoabdominal viscera
  • Jugular foramen
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11
Q

Cranial nerve XI: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Accessory
  • “Shrug” nerve, motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
  • Jugular foramen
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12
Q

Cranial nerve XII: motor

  • Name:
  • Function:
  • Route:
A
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
  • Hypoglossal canal (occipital bone)
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13
Q

Trapezius:

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Raises scapulas/shoulders
  • Accessory nerve
  • n/a
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14
Q

Rhomboids

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Retracts/rotates scapula
  • Dorsal scapular nerve
  • C4 - C5
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15
Q

Serratus anterior

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Rotates scapula
  • Long thoracian nerve
  • C5 - C7
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16
Q

Pectoralis Major

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Adduction + medial rotation
  • Lateral/medial pectoral nerves
  • C8 - T1
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17
Q

Pectoralis minor

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • stabilises the scapula anteriorly
  • medial pectoral nerve
  • C7-T1
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18
Q

Deltoid

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation
  • axillary nerve
  • C5-C6
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19
Q

Teres major

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Adduction, extension
  • Lower subscapular nerve
  • C5-C8
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20
Q

Latissimus dorsi:

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Extends, adducts and medially rotates
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
  • T6-S5
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21
Q

Levator scapulae

  • Action at shoulder
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Elevates scapula
  • Dorsal scapular nerve
  • C1-C4
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22
Q 
Shoulder joint (glenohumeral): 
- Type of joint:
- Stabilised by: 
Gh L
Ch L
Cc L 
T H L
A
  • Synovial ball and socket

- Glenohumeral, Coracohumeral, coracoclavicular and transverse humeral ligaments

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23
Q

Triceps

  • Action at elbow
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Extension
  • Radial nerve
  • C7
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24
Q

Biceps

  • Action at elbow
  • Innervation
  • Spinal level
A
  • Flexion
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • C6
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25
Brachialis - Action at elbow - Innervation - Spinal level
- Flexion - Musculocutaneous nerve - C6
26
Radioulnar joints - Type of joint - Action at joint
- Pivot type synovial | - Pronation and supination
27
Pronator - Action in forearm - Innervation - Spinal level
- Pronation - Median nerve - C6-T1
28
Supinator - Action in forearm - Innervation - Spinal level
- Pronation - Posterior interosseous - C7-C8
29
Cubital fossa borders:
- Lateral: brachioradialis - Medial: Pronator teres - Superior: medial epicondyle
30
Anatomical snuffbox borders:
- Medial (ulnar border): extensor pollicis longus tendon - Lateral (radial) border) extensor pollicis brevis tendon - Proximal border: styloid process of the radius
31
Sacral plexus: | - Consists of:
- Mainly formed by S1-S4, contribution from L4 and L5
32
Sacral plexus: Superior gluteal nerve - Roots: - Motor functions: - Sensory functions:
- L4, L5, S1 - Innervates gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata - No sensory function
33
Sacral plexus: Inferior gluteal nerve - Roots: - Motor functions: - Sensory functions:
- L5, S1, S2 - Innervates gluteus maximus - None
34
Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve - Roots: - Motor functions: - Sensory functions:
- L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 - Tibial portion: Innervates posterior compartment of the thigh, Innervates posterior compartment of the leg and sole of the foot. Common fibular portion – Short head of biceps femoris, anterior and lateral compartments of the leg and extensor digitorum brevis. - Tibial portion: supplies the skin of the posterolateral leg, lateral foot and the sole of the foot. - Common fibular portion: supplies the skin of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot.
35
sacral plexus: posterior femoral cutaneous - Roots: - Motor functions: - Sensory functions:
- S1, S2, S3 - None - Innervates skin on the posterior side of the leg and thigh
36
Sacral plexus: pudendal nerve - Roots: - Motor functions: - Sensory functions:
- S2, S3, S4 - Innervates the skeletal muscle in the peritoneum: external anal sphincter, external urethral sphincter and levator ani - Innervates the penis and clitoris and surrounding skin
37
Femoral triangle borders: - Roof - Floor - Superior: - Lateral: - Medial:
- Roof – fascia lata. - Floor – pectineus, iliopsoas, and adductor longus muscles. - Superior border – inguinal ligament - Lateral border – sartorius muscle. - Medial border – adductor longus muscle. The rest of this muscle forms part of the floor of the triangle.
38
Femoral triangle contents: (lateral to medial) (4)
- Femoral nerve – innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh, and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot. - Femoral artery – responsible for the majority of the arterial supply to the lower limb. - Femoral vein – the great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein within the triangle. - Femoral canal – contains deep lymph nodes and vessels.
39
Popliteal fossa borders:
Superomedial border – semimembranosus. Superolateral border – biceps femoris. Inferomedial border – medial head of the gastrocnemius. Inferolateral border – lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris.
40
Popliteal fossa contents: (medial to lateral) (4)
- Popliteal artery - Popliteal vein - Tibial nerve - Fibular nerve
41
Tarsal tunnel contents: (anterior to posterior) (5)
- Tibialis posterior tendon - Flexor digitorum longus tendon - Posterior tibial artery and vein - Tibial nerve - Flexor hallucis longus tendon
42
Ligaments of the hip joint: - Intracapsular: (1) - Extracapsular: (3)
Intracapsular: - Ligament of head of femur Extracapsular: - Iliofemoral ligament (Y shaped, anterior) - Pubofemoral ligament (triangle shaped, anterior) - Ishiofemoral ligament (spiral orientation, posterior)
43
Hip joint flexors: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris and sartorius - Femoral nerve - L2-L4
44
Hip extensors: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Gluteus maximus, hamstrings | - Inferior gluteal nerve (L4-S2) and sciatic nerve (L4-S3) respectively
45
Hip abductors/Medial rotators: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata - Superior gluteal nerve - L4-S1
46
Hip adductors: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- pectineus; adductors longus, brevis, magnus - femoral nerve - L2-L4
47
Hip joint: lateral rotators - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Piriformis, obturator internus/externus, - superior gluteal, obturator nerve - (L4-S1),
48
Ligaments of the knee: (4)
- Cruciate ligaments: anterior/posterior (criss cross) - Patellar ligament: attaches patella to tibia - Collateral ligaments: medial and lateral (connect femur to tib and fib) - Quadriceps tendon`; attaches femur to quadriceps
49
Knee flexors: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Hamstrings: semimembranous, semitendanous and biceps femoris - Sciatic nerve - L4-S3
50
Knee extensors: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Quadriceps femoris - Femoral nerve - L2-L4
51
Ankle ligaments:
- Medial ligament: resists over-eversion | - Lateral ligaments: resists over-inversion
52
Ankle joint plantar flexion: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Gastrocnemius, long flexors, peroneals, soleus - Tibial nerve - L4-S3
53
Ankle joint dorsiflexion: - Muscles - Nerve supply - Spinal levels
- Tibialis anterior, long toe extensors, peroneus tertius - Deep fibular nerve - L4-S1
54
Heart valves: Atrioventricular valves - Left - Right
- Mitral valve: 2 valves | - Tricuspid valve: 3 valves
55
Heart valves: Semilunar valves (2)
- Aortic semilunar valve (3 valves) | - Pulmonary semilunar valve (3 valves)
56
From where does the Left coronary artery arise and what does it supply?
- Left posterior aortic sinus | - Oxygenated blood to cardiac muscle
57
Right coronary artery - Origin - Supplies
- Anterior coronary sinus | - Right atrium and right ventricle
58
- Location of coronary sinus | - Where does it collect venous blood from
- Posterior, inferior to the right atrium
59
Fibrous pericardium: - Thick or thin: - Does it easily stretch: - Adherence: - Layer
- Thick - No - Parietal serous pericardium - 1st
60
Parietal serous pericardium: - Thick or thin: - Adherence: - Layer
- Thin - Fibrous pericardium and pericardial cavity - 2nd
61
Viscel serous pericardium: - Thick or thin: - Adherence: - Layer
- Thin - Pericardial cavity and myocardium - 3rd
62
Pericardial cavity:
- Cavity between parietal and serous pericardium | - Contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid
63
Radial artery: | - What palmar arch does it mainly supply
- Deep palmar arch
64
Ulnar artery: | - Which palmar arch does to supply
- Superficial palmar arch
65
Cephalic vein: - Deep or superficial: - Commences here: - Medial or lateral?:
- Superficial - Anatomical snuff box - lateral
66
Basilic vein: - Deep or superficial - Medial or lateral
- Superficial | - Medial
67
Median cubital vein: - Position - Connections
- Cubital fossa | - Connects basilic and cephalic veins
68
Where do the upper limbs drain to (lymph):
- Axillary lymph nodes
69
Where do the lower limbs drain to:
- External iliac lymph nodes
70
Internal carotid artery: - Supplies - Foramen:
- Brain, eyes, forehead | - Carotid canal
71
Vertebral arteries: - Arise from - Travels the neck - Foramen - Supply
- Subclavian artery - Ascends posterior part of neck by passing through holes in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae - Foramen magnum - Both converge to form basilar artery
72
External carotid artery: - supplies - Division: 6 1. S T 2. L 3. F 4. A P 5. O 6. P A
- Areas external to the skull - Ends at parotid gland: 1. Superior thyroid 2. Lingual 3. Facial 4. Ascending pharyngeal 5. Occipital 6. Posterior auricular

Medicine (18 decks)

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