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Repro > Follicular Phase > Flashcards

Follicular Phase Flashcards

1
Q

Follicular Phase

A

Proestrus
oestrus
Follicles dominant structure

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2
Q

Lutelolysis

A

Marks onset of follicular phase

-Causes CL to become non functional

=no progesterone
=no negative feedback =increasd GnRH (LH and FSH) and promotes eostradoil release too

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3
Q

4 phases of oocyte maturation

A

Mitotic and meiotic divisions occur prenatally
Nuclear arrest of primary oocyte
Cytoplasmic growth
Resume meiosis at puberty

LH surge resumes meiosis
Nucleus of oocyte migrates towards the periphery of the plasma membrane
First polar body fromed just before ovulation

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4
Q

4 major events of follicular phase

A
  • Increased Gonadotrophin release from anterior pituitary
  • Follicle growth, maturation and preparation for ovulation
  • Sexual receptivity and behaviour
  • Ovulation
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5
Q

Steps leading to Preovulatory LH surge

A 
Decrease P4 from CL
Increased GnRH
Inc FSH and LH
Proestrual follicular development
Inc Estradiol to threshold
Preovulatory LH surge
Ovulation
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6
Q

What control GnRH release

A

Tonic and surge center (LH surge)

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7
Q

Increased level of oestradiol

A

Has positive feedback on hypothalamus = secretion of large GnRH leading to preovulatory LH surge

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8
Q

Increased progesterone

A

during dioestrus creates negative feedback on preovulatory center = decreased gnrh

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9
Q

Dynamics of antral follicles

A

Always follicules are being secreted, not just during follicular phase due to basal FSH and LH

  • Recruitment (emergence)
  • Selection
  • Dominance
  • Atresia (degeneration)
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10
Q

Recruitment

A

Cohort of small anral follicles begin to grow and secrete eatradoil

High FSH
Low LH
Low Inhibin
Low Estrogen

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11
Q

Selection

A

Some undergo atresia, some selected and become dominant

Low FSH
Mod LH
Low Inhibin
Mod oestrogen

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12
Q

Dominance

A

Continue to grow and secrete more estradiol

Low FSH
High LH
High inhibin
High oestrogen

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13
Q

Antral follicle inhibits what?

A

Secretes inhibin which keeps secretion FSH low

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14
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Continuous atresia (destruction of follicles)

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15
Q

First wave

A

Follicles arent exposed to appropriate endocrine conditions for continued development and undergo atresia, progesterone is either increasing or at its highest

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16
Q

luteolysis

A

CL regression, foolicles if second wave become preovulator follicle

17
Q

Where does LH Bind

A

Theca interna cell of developing follicle

Converts colesterone to testosterone

This si secreted out and enters granulosa cell

18
Q

Granulosa Cells

A

has FSH receptors

Converts testosterone to estradiol

19
Q

2 cell, 2 gonadotrophin pathway

A

Conversion of cholesterone to testosterone in theca interna cell

Testosterone conversion to estradoil in Granulosa cell

continues until levels of eostrogen increase to threshold to induce preovulatory LH surge

=Reptoductive tract effects, behaviour (lordosis)

20
Q

Effects of Eostradoil on Repro tract

A

Increased blood flow

genital swelling

Leukocytosis

Increased mucosal secretion

Initiation of uterine gland growth

Elevated myometrial tone

21
Q

How is ovulation brought about

A

Elevated blood flow

Breakdown of connective tissue

Ovarian contractions

22
Q

Post LH surge affect on theca interna cells

A

Produces progesterone not testosterone

23
Q

LH surge causes:

A

e2 is synthesised and secreted by the ovary

24
Q

Ovulation causes

A

DOminant follicle produces p4 before ovulation. this stimulate enzymes to breakdown connective tissue (collagenase)

Volumes of follicular fluid increasesand puts the “stigma “ (apex of follicle) under pressure

Prostaglandin causes smooth muslce contractions to increase pressure further

25
Q

Types of ovulators

A

Spontaneous

  • Ovulate with regular frequence and dont need copulation
  • In response to hormones (cows, ewe, sow, mare, woman)

Reflex

  • Required stimulation of vagina/cervix
  • Rabbits, ferrets, camels
26
Q

Induced ovulation

Neuroendocrine reflex

A

Copulation stimulates sensory nerves in vagina

Impulses relayed to spinal cord

Impulses relayed to surge center in hypothalamus

GnRH released

Finally LH released and ovulation occurs

27
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Primary ocytes accumulate in large volumes around the ctyoplams

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