FOI chapter 3: the learning process Flashcards
what is learning theory
a body of principles that explain how people acquire knowledge, skills, and attitudes
what are the three learning theories?
behaviorism, cognitivism, social learning
what is behaviorism? what are the learning models of behaviorism?
suggest learning occurs by having behaviors reinforced or controlled
models: classical conditioning, operant conditioning
classical conditioning: learning occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired
operant conditioning: modifies behavior through reward or punishment
what is cognitivism? what are the learning models of cognitivism?
focuses on the mind… problem-solving and decision-making
models: information processing theory and constructivism
info. proc. theory: compares brain to a computer… brain acquires, stores, are retrieves info
constructivism: learning is based on past experiences
what is social learning? what are the stages of social learning?
learning occurs by observing, imitation, and modeling the actions of others
four stages:
- attention (observing)
- retention (remembering it)
- reproduction (producing it)
- motivation (deciding to reproduce it)
what are perceptions?
when a person gives meaning to the information received through one or more of the five senses
what is insight?
the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes
it occurs when something is understood
factors that affect perception
G-STEP
goals and values
self concept
time & opportunity
element of threat
physical organism
phases of knowledge acquisition
MUA
1) memorization
2) understanding (organizing facts, identifying sim. & diff.)
3) application (using knowledge to solve problems & make decisions)
laws of learning
REEPIR
readiness
exercise
effect
primacy
intensity
recency
learning styles
right brain (analytic) vs. left brain (creative)
holistic (top-down) vs. serialistic (bottom-up)
auditory/visual/kinesthetic
index of learning styles
active/reflective
sensing/intuitive
visual/verbal
sequential/global
domains of learning
cognitive, affective, psychomotor
cognitive domain of learning
RUAC
rote
understadning
application
correlation
affective
receiving
responding
valuing
organization
characterization
psychomotor
observation
imitation
practice
habit
characteristics of learning
RAMP
result of experience
active process
multifaceted
purposeful
phases of skill development
CAAR
- cognitive
- associative
- automatic response
learning plateau
learning is rapid early in training but tends to slow down
types of practice
deliberate: practicing specific areas for improvement with feedback
blocked: practicing the same thing until it becomes automatic… results in good short-term performance but bad long-term learning
random: mixing skills in random order
scenario-based training
a type of problem-based learning
uses real-world scenarios to meet training objectives
fosters development of ADM skills
types of errors
slips: errors of action
mistakes: errors of thought
methods for reducing errors
CRUD LT(e) … at&t
checking for errors
raising awareness
using reminders
developing routines
learning & practicing
taking your time
types of memory
sensory: receives info from environment & processes it
short-term: where information is stored for 30 seconds
long-term: the relatively permanent storage of unlimited information
principles of retention
F LAMP (floor lamp)
favorable attitudes (motivation)
learning with all senses
association
meaningful repetition
praise
why people forget
FIRR… fire!!!
fading
interference
retrieval failure
repression (unconscious) or suppression (conscious)
transfer of learning
positive: one skills aids learning another skill
negative: one skill interferes with learning another skill
