FOI chapter 3: the learning process

Question 1

what is learning theory

Answer 1

a body of principles that explain how people acquire knowledge, skills, and attitudes

Question 2

what are the three learning theories?

Answer 2

behaviorism, cognitivism, social learning

Question 3

what is behaviorism? what are the learning models of behaviorism?

Answer 3

suggest learning occurs by having behaviors reinforced or controlled

models: classical conditioning, operant conditioning

classical conditioning: learning occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired

operant conditioning: modifies behavior through reward or punishment

Question 4

what is cognitivism? what are the learning models of cognitivism?

Answer 4

focuses on the mind… problem-solving and decision-making

models: information processing theory and constructivism

info. proc. theory: compares brain to a computer… brain acquires, stores, are retrieves info

constructivism: learning is based on past experiences

Question 5

what is social learning? what are the stages of social learning?

Answer 5

learning occurs by observing, imitation, and modeling the actions of others

four stages:
- attention (observing)
- retention (remembering it)
- reproduction (producing it)
- motivation (deciding to reproduce it)

Question 6

what are perceptions?

Answer 6

when a person gives meaning to the information received through one or more of the five senses

Question 7

what is insight?

Answer 7

the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes

it occurs when something is understood

Question 8

factors that affect perception

Answer 8

G-STEP

goals and values
self concept
time & opportunity
element of threat
physical organism

Question 9

phases of knowledge acquisition

Answer 9

MUA

1) memorization
2) understanding (organizing facts, identifying sim. & diff.)
3) application (using knowledge to solve problems & make decisions)

Question 10

laws of learning

Answer 10

REEPIR

readiness
exercise
effect
primacy
intensity
recency

Question 11

learning styles

Answer 11

right brain (analytic) vs. left brain (creative)
holistic (top-down) vs. serialistic (bottom-up)
auditory/visual/kinesthetic

Question 12

index of learning styles

Answer 12

active/reflective
sensing/intuitive
visual/verbal
sequential/global

Question 13

domains of learning

Answer 13

cognitive, affective, psychomotor

Question 14

cognitive domain of learning

Answer 14

RUAC

rote
understadning
application
correlation

Question 15

affective

Answer 15

receiving
responding
valuing
organization
characterization

Question 16

psychomotor

Answer 16

observation
imitation
practice
habit

Question 17

characteristics of learning

Answer 17

RAMP

result of experience
active process
multifaceted
purposeful

Question 18

phases of skill development

Answer 18

CAAR

• cognitive
• associative
• automatic response

Question 19

learning plateau

Answer 19

learning is rapid early in training but tends to slow down

Question 20

types of practice

Answer 20

deliberate: practicing specific areas for improvement with feedback
blocked: practicing the same thing until it becomes automatic… results in good short-term performance but bad long-term learning
random: mixing skills in random order

Question 21

scenario-based training

Answer 21

a type of problem-based learning
uses real-world scenarios to meet training objectives
fosters development of ADM skills

Question 22

types of errors

Answer 22

slips: errors of action
mistakes: errors of thought

Question 23

methods for reducing errors

Answer 23

CRUD LT(e) … at&t

checking for errors
raising awareness
using reminders
developing routines
learning & practicing
taking your time

Question 24

types of memory

Answer 24

sensory: receives info from environment & processes it
short-term: where information is stored for 30 seconds
long-term: the relatively permanent storage of unlimited information

Question 25

principles of retention

Answer 25

F LAMP (floor lamp)

favorable attitudes (motivation)
learning with all senses
association
meaningful repetition
praise

Question 26

why people forget

Answer 26

FIRR… fire!!!

fading
interference
retrieval failure
repression (unconscious) or suppression (conscious)

Question 27

transfer of learning

Answer 27

positive: one skills aids learning another skill
negative: one skill interferes with learning another skill