FOI chapter 1: risk management & SRM

Question 1

hazard

Answer 1

a source of danger

Question 1

types of risk

Answer 1

total risk (sum of identified & unidentified risk)
identified risk
unidentified risk
unacceptable risk (a subset of identified risk that must be eliminated or controlled)
acceptable risk (subset of identified risk that is allowed)
residual risk (sum of acceptable & unidentified risk)

Question 2

risk

Answer 2

the future impact of a hazard that is not controlled or eliminated

Question 3

safety

Answer 3

freedom from conditions that can cause death, injury, or damage

Question 4

principles of risk management

Answer 4

accept no unnecessary risk
make risk decisions at the appropriate level (PIC or AMT may need to make a risk decision… NOT passengers or ATC)
accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs
integrate risk management into planning at all levels

Question 5

risk management process

Answer 5

1) identify the hazard
2) assess the risk
3) mitigate the risk (may not be applicable to low/medium risks)

3P’s is a model used to achieved these 3 steps

Question 6

identifying risk

Answer 6

PAVE and IMSAFE checklists
Pilot (Illness, Medicine, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion)
Aircraft
enVironment
External pressures

Question 7

assessing risk

Answer 7

likelihood and severity both increase the level of the risk (high, medium, low)

Question 8

examples of mitigating risk

Answer 8

drive
wait for good weather
take an IFR pilot
delay the flight
cancel the flight
depart earlier (if there is advance planning)

Question 9

flight risk assessment tool (FRAT)

Answer 9

formal process (pen and paper) that produced a number that measures the overall level of risk for a flight

Question 10

3 P’s

Answer 10

model for risk management process
perceive (identify)
process (assess)
perform (mitigate)

Question 11

situational awareness

Answer 11

accuse perception and understanding of PAVE items at all times (before, during, & after flight)

Question 12

obstacles to maintaining situational awareness

Answer 12

fatigue (signs include head bobbing, poorly organized thoughts, degradation of performance and control accuracy)
complacency (advaced avionic can easily create complacency)

Question 13

countermeasures to fatigue

Answer 13

long naps (3-4 hours) restore alertness for 12-15 hours
short naps (10-30 minutes) restore alertness for 3-4 hours
high-protein meals
plenty of fluids
flight deck has cool temperature
periodic moving/stretching

Question 14

operational pitfalls

Answer 14

classic behavioral traps that can drive bad-decision making

peer pressure, get-there-itis, scud running, getting behind the aircraft, loss of sit. awareness, inadequate fuel reserves, neglect of checklists

Question 15

5 P’s

Answer 15

practical way of applying SRM
pilot, plan, plane, passengers, programming
“in-flight PAVE checklist” used to evaluate flight situation at key decision points (i.e. right before takeoff) or in an emergency

Question 16

hazardous attitudes

Answer 16

macho
anti-authority
impulsivity
invulnerability
resignation

Question 17

types of stress

Answer 17

physical (lack of oxygen)
physiological (fatigue)
psychological (social/emotional… death in family)

Question 18

types of resources

Answer 18

internal (passengers, pilot experience, checklists)
external (ATC, flight service)

Question 19

workload management

Answer 19

prioritizing items
recognizing work overload situations
doing things “ahead of time”

Question 20

teaching decision-making skills

Answer 20

scenario-based training

Question 21

assessing SRM skills

Answer 21

SRM grades are based on…
- explain (verbally identify and describe risk elements of a flight)
- practice (ability to apply SRM principles to the situation)
- manage/decide (make a good/appropriate decision)
- not observed (anything not observed or accomplished)