flight errors

Question 1

soft field take off (a/c)

Answer 1

a. doesn’t do runway incursion avoidance
b. yoke/flaps not correctly set
c. improper lift off
d. not climbing at VX and max power
e. not using checklist

Question 2

lazy eight (a/c)

Answer 2

a. reference points: poorly chosen or did not choose any
b. being uncoordinated
c. loops are not symmetrical
d. airspeed and altitude at key points are not consistent
e. Loss of orientation
f. Excessive deviation from reference points

Question 3

power-on stall (a/c)

Answer 3

a. Failure to establish the specified configuration prior to entry.
b. Improper flight controls
d. not being coordinated
e. can’t recognize stall (first indications and fully developed)
f. Failure to achieve a stall.
g. Improper torque correction. RIGHT RUDDER
h. delayed recovery
i. Excessive altitude loss or excessive airspeed during recovery.
j. Secondary stall during recovery.

Question 4

emergency descent (a/c)

Answer 4

REGULARLY CLEAR THE ENGINE/use carb heat if needed
a. The consequences of failing to identify reason for executing an emergency descent.
b. checklist not used
c. not clearing the area
d. not recovering properly

Question 5

turn’s about a point (a/c)

Answer 5

a. Faulty entry procedure.
b. Poor planning, orientation, or division of attention.
c. not being coordinated
d. Improper correction for wind drift.
e. Failure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed.
f. Selection of a ground reference point where there is no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance.

Question 6

power-off 180 landing (a/c)

Answer 6

a. Failure to establish approach and landing configuration at proper time or in proper sequence.
b. Failure to identify the key points in the pattern.
c. Failure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach.
d. Failure to consider the effect of wind and landing surface.
e. Improper use of power, wing flaps, or trim.
h. Poor directional control after touchdown.

Question 7

runway incursion avoidance (d)

Question 8

4 fundamentals of flight + common errors (d)

Answer 8

straight & level flight
level turns
straight climbs & climbing turns
straight descents & descending turns

errors:
a. Failure to cross-check
b. Application of control movements rather than pressures.
c. not being coordinated
d. not being trimmed

Question 9

straight & level flight

Answer 9

VISUAL REFERENCES
a. Effect and use of flight controls.
b. The integrated flight instruction method.
c. Outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, yaw, and power control; the cross-check and interpretation of those references; and the control procedure used.
d. Trim procedure.
e. Methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling (light grip, finger tips, exert pressure not control, let the plane fly itself)

Question 10

level turns

Answer 10

VISUAL REFERENCES
a. Effect and use of flight controls.
b. The Integrated Flight Instruction method.
c. Outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, yaw, and power control; the cross-check and interpretation of those references; and the control procedure used.
d. Trim procedure.
e. Methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.

Question 11

straight climbs & climbing turns

Answer 11

VISUAL REFERENCES
a. Effect and use of flight controls.
b. The Integrated Flight Instruction method.
c. Outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, yaw, and power control; the cross-check and interpretation of those references; and the control procedure used.
d. Trim procedure.
e. Methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.

Question 12

straight descents & descending turns

Answer 12

VISUAL REFERENCES
a. Effect and use of flight controls.
b. The Integrated Flight Instruction method.
c. Outside and instrument references used for pitch, bank, yaw, and power control; the cross-check and interpretation of those references; and the control procedure used.
d. Trim procedure.
e. Methods that can be used to overcome tenseness and overcontrolling.

Question 13

slow flight (d)

Answer 13

a. Relationship of configuration, weight, center of gravity, maneuvering loads, angle of bank, and power to flight characteristics and controllability.
b. Relationship of the maneuver to critical flight situations, such as go-around.
c. Performance of the maneuver with selected configurations in straight-and-level flight and level turns.
d. Specified airspeed for the maneuver.
e. Coordination of flight controls.
f. Trim technique.
g. Reestablishment of cruise flight.

Question 14

secondary stall (d)

Answer 14

a. Aerodynamics of secondary stalls.
b. Flight situations where secondary stalls may occur.
c. Hazards of secondary stalls during normal stall or spin recovery.
d. Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
e. Recognition of a secondary stall.
f. Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude.

Question 15

8s on pylons (d)

Answer 15

a. The purpose of eights on pylons and their relationship to basic/advanced airmanship skills.
b. How to determine the approximate pivotal altitude.
c. How to select suitable pylons with consideration given
to emergency landing areas.
d. Orientation, division of attention, and planning.
e. Configuration and airspeed prior to entry.
f. Relationship of groundspeed change to the
performance of the maneuver.
g. Pilot’s “line-of-sight” reference to the pylon.
h. Entry procedure.
i. Procedure for maintaining “line-of-sight” on the pylon.
j. Proper planning for turn entries and rollouts.
k. How to correct for wind drift between pylons.
l. Coordination of flight controls.

Question 16

emergency approach to a landing(d)

Answer 16

REGULARLY CLEAR THE ENGINE/use carb heat if needed
a. Prompt establishment of the best glide airspeed and the recommended configuration.
b. How to select a suitable emergency landing area.
c. Planning and execution of approach to the selected
landing area.
d. Use of emergency checklist.
e. Importance of attempting to determine reason for the
malfunction.
f. Importance of dividing attention between flying the
approach and accomplishing emergency checklist.
g. Procedures that can be used to compensate for under-
shooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area.

Question 17

short field take off (d)

Answer 17

a. Procedures before taxiing onto the runway or takeoff area to ensure runway incursion avoidance. Verify ATC clearance/no aircraft on final at non-towered airports before entering the runway, and ensure correct takeoff runway positioning of the airplane with consideration for other aircraft, surface conditions, and wind.
b. Short-field takeoff and lift-off procedures.
c. Initial climb attitude and airspeed (VX) until obstacle is
cleared (50 feet AGL).
d. Proper use of checklist.

Question 18

short field landing (d)

Answer 18

a. How to determine landing performance and limitations.
b. Configuration and trim.
c. Proper use of pitch and power to maintain desired
approach angle.
d. Obstructions and other hazards which should be
considered.
e. Effect of wind.
f. Selection of touchdown and go-around points.
g. A stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to
the selected touchdown point.
h. Coordination of flight controls.
i. A precise ground track.
j. Timing, judgment, and control procedure during
roundout and touchdown.
k. Directional control after touchdown.
l. Use of brakes (ASEL).
m. Use of checklist.
n. After-landing runway incursion avoidance procedures.