Focus 9 Flashcards
Ventilation. Gas exchange between air and blood
External respiration
Cellular respiration. Gas exchange between blood and tissues.
Internal respiration
Contains rigid, nonmuscular cartilage rings that prevents collapse.
Trachea and larger bronchi
Smooth muscle. Bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction. No cartilage.
Bronchioles
Thin walls. Increase surface area for diffusion.
Type I alveolar cells
Encircle each alveolus
Pulmonary capillaries
Secrete and produce surfactant
Type II alveolar cells
Gets in between water molecules and reduces surface tension, which can collapse lungs
Surfactant
Lungs are made up of _______. No muscle.
Elastic tissue
Double walled, closed sac that separates each lung from thoracic wall
Pleural sac
Lines thoracic cavity wall
Parietal pleura
On the surface of the lungs
Visceral pleura
Between the 2 pleural layers. No air
Pleural cavity
Contained in pleural cavity. Lubricates and reduces friction during breathing
Intrapleural fluid
Due to weight of air pressure on us
Atmospheric (barometric) pressure
Pressure in lungs. Pressure within alveoli, equals atmospheric pressure between breaths
Intra-alveolar pressure
Lower than air in lungs and atmospheric pressure. Pressure within pleural sac. Does not equal atmospheric pressure between breaths
Intrapleural pressure
Increased volume equals decreased pressure. Vice a versa
Boyle’s law
Inspiration is a____process
Active
Quiet expiration is a_____process
Passive
Accessory inspiration muscles and large cavity to greater volume
Forced inspiration
The most important determinant of resistance
Airway radius
Increased radius. Decreased resistance. Increased airflow
Bronchodilation. (Sympathetic)
Decreased radius. Increased resistance. Decreased airflow
Bronchoconstriction (parasympathetic)
