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Physiology > Focus 1 > Flashcards

Focus 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the functions and relationships of body parts

A

Physiology

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2
Q

Molecules composed of atoms

A

Chemical level

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3
Q

Basic unit of life

A

Cellular level

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4
Q

What are the four types of tissues

A

Epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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5
Q

Body structure that integrates different tissues and carries out a specific function

A

Organ level

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6
Q

Group of organs that together perform one or more functions

A

Organ system level

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7
Q

Name the six levels of organization from simple to complex

A 
– Chemical level
– Cellular level
– Tissue level
– Organ level
– Organ system
– Organism level
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8
Q

Dynamic, steady state of balance of the body

A

Homeostasis

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9
Q

Consists of electron shells/orbitals

A

Electron cloud

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10
Q

Determines chemical properties of atoms

A

Electrons

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11
Q

Outermost shell of electrons and are involved in chemical bonds

A

Valence electrons

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12
Q

Bond where electron is shared equally between atoms

A

Nonpolar covalent bonds

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13
Q

Two or more atoms share valence electrons

A

Covalent bonds

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14
Q

Examples of nonpolar covalent bonds

A

O2
CO2
lipids and fats

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15
Q

Find where electron is shared unequally. Partial charges

A

Polar covalent bonds

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16
Q

What are examples of polar covalent bonds

A

H2O
glucose
amino acids and proteins

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17
Q

Polar bonds between atoms in one molecule

A

Hydrogen bonds

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18
Q

What determines the 3-D shape and function of proteins

A

Hydrogen bonds

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19
Q

The study of the structure of body parts

A

Anatomy

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20
Q

Atom that loses an electron. Has a positive charge

A

Cation

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21
Q

Atom that gains electron. Has a negative charge

A

Anion

22
Q

Polar and ionic substances. Partially charged or ionic

A

Hydrophilic

23
Q

Nonpolar substances. I’m uncharged/neutral

A

Hydrophobic solutes

24
Q

The dissolvee

A

Solute

25
Q

The dissolver

A

Solvent

26
Q

Solvent + solute

A

Solution

27
Q

Dissolves in/can dissolve

A

Soluble

28
Q

Compounds that give up hydrogen ions

A

Acids

29
Q

A compound that takes up hydrogen ions in solutions

A

Bases

30
Q

Mechanism used by body to help maintain pH

A

Buffers

31
Q

What is the normal pH range in the human body

A

7.35–7.45

32
Q

pH

A

Acidosis

33
Q

pH>7.45

A

Alkalosis

34
Q

Molecules that contain the Adams carbon and hydrogen

A

Organic molecules

35
Q

Organic molecules essential for life. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

A

Biomolecules

36
Q

Small organic compounds. Simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides

A

Monomers

37
Q

Larger molecules created from monomers.

A

Polymers

38
Q

Large organic polymers. DNA

A

Macromolecules

39
Q

Linear sequence of amino acids

A

Protein primary structure

40
Q

Hydrogen bonds between amino acids produces shapes. Helix or pleated sheet

A

Protein secondary structure

41
Q

Polypeptide chain folds/bends producing three-dimensional structures held by weak attractions

A

Protein tertiary structure

42
Q

Two or more polypeptide chains covalently bonded

A

Protein Quaternary structure

43
Q

Chains of amino acid

A

Polypeptide

44
Q

Biological catalyst that increases the rate of chemical reactions. Mostly proteins

A

Enzymes

45
Q

Groovin enzyme molecules are substrates are captured

A

Active site

46
Q

Molecules that combined with active sites of enzymes and are converted to products

A

Substrate

47
Q

The amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed

A

Activation energy

48
Q

When an enzyme undergoes extreme temperatures or a change in pH and can no longer function. Altered shape

A

Denaturation

49
Q

Remove water to build larger molecules

A

Dehydration synthesis

50
Q

Add water to break large molecules into smaller molecules

A

Hydrolysis

Physiology (13 decks)

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