Focus 2 Flashcards
Putting something out from the cell
Exocytosis
The breaking down of glucose into two pyruvic acids
Glycolysis
Where does glycolysis take place
In the cells cytoplasm
How many ATPs does glycolysis produce
4 ATP but uses 2 for a net total of 2 ATP made
Which two cellular respiration processes are aerobic
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Takes two pyruvates and makes two ATP
Citric acid cycle
Where does the citric acid cycle take place
Mitochondrial matrix
What is a byproduct of the citric acid cycle
CO2
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place
Inner mitochondrial membrane
NADH used to produce about 28 ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
Provides structure to the cell
Phospholipid bilayer
Provides transport in and out of the cell
Proteins
Provides flexibility to the cell and helps it keep its shape
Cholesterol
Acts as if he sells identity markers. Cell recognition
Carbohydrates
What are three functions of the cell membrane
– Outer boundary
– Selectively permeable
– Responds to changes
The movement of molecules from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. Nonpolar substances
Diffusion
What kind of substances need proteins to get through a cells membrane
Polar or ionic substances
Membrane water channels
Aquaporin
A solution having the same total solute concentration of the solution with which it is compared
Isotonic
A solution with a greater solute concentration than plasma
Hypertonic
When the concentration of a solution is lower than the inside of a cell water enters the cell
Hypotonic
When the concentration of a solution is higher than the inside of the cell water leaves the cell
Hypertonic
Passive transport of polar or ionic molecules across a biological membrane using carrier proteins
Facilitated diffusion
Directly uses ATP to transport molecules across a membrane.
Primary active transport
What is the sodium to potassium ratio in a sodium potassium pump
Three sodium go out for every two potassium that comes in
Energy is used to transport molecules across a membrane. No ATP used. Relies on electrochemical potential difference
Secondary active transport (co-transport)
2 Na+ moves H-L
1 Glucose moves L-H
Both go in same direction (into cell)
Symport
Ion moves H-L
Ion moves L-H
Three sodium ions in – one calcium out
Antiport
Bringing something the cell
Endocytosis
