Focus 10

Question 1

Amino acid metabolism

Answer 1

Urea

Question 2

Nucleic acid metabolism

Answer 2

Uric acid

Question 3

Muscle metabolism

Answer 3

Creatinine

Question 4

Hemoglobin metabolism

Answer 4

Bilirubin

Question 5

Endocrine functions of urinary system

Answer 5

• erythropoietin
• renin
• vitamin D

Question 6

Angiotensin II producer

Answer 6

Renin

Question 7

Fluids, ions, nutrients, and waste are all filtered from blood and enter the nephron

Answer 7

Glomular filtration GF

Question 8

Useful substances reabsorbed into blood. (Lipid soluble wastes may be reabsorbed)

Answer 8

Tubular reabsorption TR

Question 9

Waste/excess maybe secreted from blood to nephron

Answer 9

Tubular secretion TS

Question 10

% of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

What drives filtration?

Answer 11

Blood pressure

Question 12

What three pressures affect filtration

Answer 12

– Blood osmatic pressure
– Capsule hydrostatic pressure
– Globular capsule blood pressure

Question 13

Is smaller than afferent arterial. Causes back up

Answer 13

Efferent arteriole

Question 14

What is the goal of autoregulation?

Answer 14

Maintain constant glomular filtration rate GFR

Question 15

Arterioles constrict. BP

Answer 15

Increased blood pressure

Question 16

Arterioles dilate. BP

Answer 16

Decreased blood pressure

Question 17

Specialized nephron region that lies close to afferent arterial and distal tubule

Answer 17

Juxtaglomerular apparatus JGA

Question 18

Sense tubule volume/osmolarity

Answer 18

JGA chemoreceptors

Question 19

Adjusts afferent arteriole according to changes in filtrate osmolarity or volume. Maintains GFR

Answer 19

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 20

Encourages filtration

Answer 20

Pressure in capillaries

Question 21

Opposes filtration

Answer 21

Other pressures

Question 22

Substances reabsorbed during TR

Answer 22

H2O, glucose, Na, K, HCO3

Question 23

Reabsorption in the proximal tubule is driven by

Answer 23

Na gradient set up by Na/K pump

Question 24

3 Na out 2 K in

Answer 24

Sodium potassium pump

Question 25

How is glucose reabsorbed into the proximal tubule

Answer 25

Secondary active transport. Cotransport with Na

Question 26

Reabsorption driving force

Answer 26

Na/K pump

Question 27

Passively reabsorbed down electrical gradient. Driven by Na gradient

Answer 27

Chloride ion reabsorption

Question 28

Driven by Na gradient. Creates osmotic gradient. Water follows Na

Answer 28

Water reabsorption

Question 29

Renin released with decreased

Answer 29

BP/vol or plasma Na

Question 30

Renin catalyze reaction of angiotensiogen into

Answer 30

Angiotensin I

Question 31

Angiotensin I turns into Angiotensin II which is a…

Answer 31

Vasoconstrictor

Question 32

Angiotensin II signals release of…

Answer 32

Aldosterone from adrenal cortex

Question 33

Na saver

Answer 33

Aldosterone

Question 34

Decreased blood vol/pressure/Na

Answer 34

RAAS activated

Question 35

A (atrial) and B (brain) natriuretic peptides NP oppose

Answer 35

• OpposeAldosterone release
• Inhibits Na reabsorption
• decreases BP

Question 36

Removal of metabolic waste products from plasma

Answer 36

Excretion

Question 37

Relative weight of a specific volume of liquid compared with an equal volume of distilled water. 1.000 H2O

Answer 37

Specific gravity

Question 38

Specific gravity range for urine

Answer 38

1.001-1.030