Fluoroquinolones Exam 1 List Flashcards
Exam 1 List
Dairy interferes with the absorption of this fluoroquinolone:
ciprofloxacin
Is Ciprofloxacin part of the older or newer generation?
Older
Which Fluoroquinole has significant activity against Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus?
Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin are the only two fluoroquinoles that have activity against this organism:
P. aeruginosa.
Can ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin cross the blood brain barrier?
Poorly in uninflammed meninges, but to a moderate extent under inflammation
Does ciprofloxacin enter breast milk?
Yes
What is the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin vs levofloxacin?
Cipro: 70%
Levo: 99%
How does ciprofloxacin get eliminated?
40-50% excreted unchanged in urine; remainder in feces
How does levofloxacin get eliminated?
87% unchanged in urine; remained eliminated by tubular secretion
What are the black box warnings for fluoroquinolone?
- Tendonitis & tendon rupture
- Exacerbation of muscle weakness; avoid in patients with myasthenia graves
Ciprofloxacin has been associated with these renal disturbances:
Acidosis, polyuria, urinary retention, renal calculi
Can Ciprofloxacin be given safely & confidently to pregnant mothers?
No. There is conflicting evidence & the FDA recommends alternative medications unless the organism is solely susceptible to Cipro (inhalation anthrax)
Ciprofloxacin is used as first-line treatment for:
typhoid fever
What are the primary indications for levofloxacin?
Bronchitis
Community acquired pneumonia
pyelonephritis/
uncomplicated UTI’s
Sinusitis
What are the primary indications for Ciprofloxacin?
-Bacterial diarrhea
-Inhalation anthrax
-Severe or complicated UTI’s
-Meningococcal carriers
-Intra-abdominal infections
Both Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin require special dosing in these types of patients. State the lab value as well.
Renal impairment
Creatinine clearance of <50mL/min
Levofloxacin should not be given concurrently with these drugs. State why:
NSAIDS
Concurrent use increases CNS stimulation and seizures
Ciprofloxacin should not be given concurrently with these drugs/foods:
Caffeine
Phenytoin
Probenecid
Theophylline
What effect does the fluorine molecule have on fluoroquinolone activity?
Provides increased potency against gram-negative organisms and broadens the spectrum to include gram-positive organisms as well.
How is resistance mediated against fluoroquinolones?
By mutations in the quinolone-binding region of the target enzyme or by a change in the permeability of the organism
Fluoroquinolones have notable activity against which types of organism?
gram-negative bacteria
What is the age recommendations for fluoroquinolones?
not recommended for children younger than 18 years
What are three possible adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?
- C. Diff
- hypersensitivity reactions
- Phototoxicity
Generally speaking, Fluoroquinolones are first-line therapy in the treatment of?
Traveler’s diarrhea and severe diarrhea not associated with antibiotic therapy
