Fluids & Electrolytes

Question 1

Regulation of Body Fluids: Homeostasis

Answer 1

Fluids IN must equal fluids OUT

2L gained or lost indicates impaired body functioning

Question 2

In order to maintain kidney function

Answer 2

MUST have at least 30mL/hr urine output

Question 3

Hypovolemia

Answer 3

Isotonic loss (normal sodium level)

increased heart rate

Question 4

Fluid Disorders: Dehydration

Answer 4

More water lost than electrolytes (hypernatremia)

Question 5

Fluid Disorders: Fluid Volume Excess

Answer 5

Isotonic
Normal Serum Sodium

HF, Renal Failure, Hepatic Failure and Cirrhosis, and Edema

Question 6

Weight gain parameters

Answer 6

1-2lb in a day or 3lb in a week

1L = 1kg

Question 7

Fluid Volume Excess + hyponatremia =

Answer 7

Hypotonic

SIADH - too much ADH (antidiuretc hormone)

Question 8

Electrolytes: The blood must always be __________ ___________

Answer 8

Electrochemically NEUTRAL

Question 9

Potassium Pumps ______ the cell.
Sodium Stays _____ the cell.

Answer 9

INto
OUTside

Question 10

Treatment for hypokalemia

Answer 10

IV Potassium: must be given slowly, NEVER give K bolus

Question 11

Hyperkalemia assessment and treatment

Answer 11

Urine output (hx of diabetes/renal disease)
Cardiac dysthymias or muscle twitching

Loop diuretics
Kayexelate PO or IV
Insulin

(Notify MD of heart rate <60 bpm or peaked T waves)

Question 12

Causes of Hypomagnesemia

Answer 12

Alcohol withdrawal
TPN w/o magnesium
GI loss
Thiazide or loop diuretics

Question 13

Hypomagnesemia assessment and treatment

Answer 13

Assess for hyperactive (DTRs) deep tendon reflexes

Do not give bolus

Question 14

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 14

PaCO2 abnormal
pH <7.35

Question 15

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 15

PaCO2 abnormal
pH>7.45

Question 16

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 16

pH<7.35
HCO3 abnormal

Question 17

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 17

pH>7.45
HCO3 abnormal