Fluids

Question 1

What are isotonic fluids?

Answer 1

Isotonic fluids are “extracellular-expanding fluids”

These fluids help maintain fluid balance in the extracellular compartment.

Question 2

What percentage of isotonic fluids infused redistributes to the interstitial space within 20-30 minutes?

Answer 2

75%

This rapid redistribution is crucial for understanding fluid dynamics in the body.

Question 3

Within what time frame does 75% of isotonic fluid redistribute to the interstitial space?

Answer 3

20-30 minutes

The timing is essential for clinical considerations in fluid administration.

Question 4

Where does the remainder of isotonic fluid infused remain after redistribution?

Answer 4

In the vascular space

This retention is important for maintaining blood volume and pressure.

Question 5

What complications may occur if hypertonic saline is administered in small peripheral veins?

Answer 5

Hemolysis and phlebitis

These complications arise due to the hypertonic nature of the saline solution affecting red blood cells and vein integrity.

Question 6

What is a potential cardiac complication of administering hypertonic saline close to the heart?

Answer 6

Cardiac depression

This may be secondary to myocyte dehydration and subsequent friction between them.

Question 7

What can occur if hypertonic saline is administered at rates exceeding 1mL/kg/min?

Answer 7

Osmotic stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers leading to vagally mediated hypotension, bradycardia, and bronchoconstriction

This reflects the physiological response to rapid changes in osmolarity affecting the pulmonary system.