Cell Flashcards
What percentage of body weight does water constitute in adult animals with appropriate BCS?
Approximately 60%
What fraction of total body water does the intracellular compartment account for?
2/3 of total body water
What percentage of body weight is represented by the intracellular compartment?
40% of body weight
What fraction of total body water does the extracellular compartment account for?
1/3 of total body water
What percentage of body weight is represented by the extracellular compartment?
20% of body weight
What are the two divisions of the extracellular compartment and their respective percentages?
- 25% plasma (AKA intravascular)
- 75% interstitial
Where does the movement of fluid from intravascular to extravascular occur?
At the capillary
Mesengenic process - production of somatic cells - Bone marrow can differentiate into what tissues.
(Mesenchymal stem cell)
Bone, Cartilage, adipose tissue and other depending on the stimuli
Function of Mesenchymal stem cell?
- Anti-inflammatory - produces TNF α - stimulate gene/ protein 6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), PGE2
- Immunosuppressive - direct suppression of T-cell proliferation
- Dynamic differentiation, immunomodulation and paracrine factor release
What are most MSK tissues composed of?
Mesenchymal tissues from embryonic MESODERM
(Most tissues of the musculoskeletal (MSK) system, including bone, cartilage, and muscle, are derived from mesenchymal tissues, which originate from the embryonic mesoderm)
What type of cells can differentiate into all cells of the body, including cells of the fetal membranes?
Totipotent cells
Which cells are considered truly totipotent of the fetal membranes?
Only the recently fertilized zygote
What type of cells differentiate into all cells of the body, excluding fetal membranes?
Pluripotent cells
What are examples of pluripotent cells?
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
What are terminally differentiated cells or adult stem cells that can be genetically altered or reprogrammed to regain pluripotency called using laboratory techniques?
Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs)
What type of cells can differentiate into a number of specialized cells within a specific lineage?
Multipotent cells
What are typically considered multipotent stem cells isolated from adult tissues?
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
What are other types of multipotent cells besides mesenchymal stem cells?
- Neural stem cells
- Hematopoietic stem cells
What does ESC stand for?
Embryonic stem cells
ESCs are pluripotent and can differentiate into cells from more than one germ layer lineage, but NOT extra-embryonic tissues.
What is the defining characteristic of pluripotent stem cells?
Differentiate into cells from more than one germ layer lineage, but NOT extraembryonic tissues
What does ASC stand for?
Adult stem cells
ASCs are multipotent and restricted to their germ layer lineage.
What is the defining characteristic of multipotent stem cells?
Restricted to germ layer lineage from which they originate
(Ex. hematopoietic stem cells, MSC, and neural stem cells)
Give an example of adult stem cells.
- Hematopoietic stem cells
- MSC
- Neural stem cells
What does PSC stand for?
Perinatal/fetal stem cells
PSCs are also multipotent.
What are the advantages of perinatal/fetal stem cells compared to adult stem cells?
- Superior expansion potential
- Increased plasticity
- Superior immune privilege
True or False: Induced pluripotent stem cells are naturally occurring.
False
Induced pluripotent stem cells are artificially created.
