Fluid Management (Kane) Final Exam Flashcards
What percentage of total body water (TBW) is found in the average adult?
A. 50%
B. 55%
C. 60%
D. 70%
C. 60%
Slide 2
Which of the following are true about water distribution in the body?
A. 60% of TBW in the average pediatric patient
B. High percentage of water in adipose tissue
C. Low percentage of water in adipose tissue
D. Found equally in all types of tissues
C. Low percentage of water in adipose tissue
Slide 2
Which fluid compartment includes plasma volume?
A. Intracellular
B. Interstitial
C. Intravascular
D. Transcellular
C. Intravascular
Slide 2
Which of the following is NOT included in the transcellular fluid compartment?
A. GI tract fluid
B. Urine
C. Plasma volume
D. CSF
C. Plasma volume
GI tract, urine, csf, joint fluid, aqueous humor, Pericardial fluid
Slide2
Which of the following are components of the extracellular fluid compartment? Select 3
A. Intracellular fluid
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Intravascular fluid
D. Transcellular fluid
E. Cytoplasm
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Intravascular fluid
D. Transcellular fluid
Slide 2
The intersitial compartment includes _______ and ______________ fluid around cells.
A. lymphatics; protein-poor
B. intracellular; plasma;
C. lymphatics; plasma
D. intracellular; protein-poor
A. lymphatics; protein-poor
Slide 2
What is the direction of solute movement in diffusion?
A. Low to high concentration
B. High to low concentration
C. Random movement
D. No movement
B. High to low concentration
Solute particles fill solvent
Slide 3
Which ion is the primary extracellular cation?
A. Potassium (K)
B. Calcium (Ca)
C. Sodium (Na)
D. Magnesium (Mg)
C. Sodium (Na)
slide 3
Which ion is the primary intracellular cation?
A. Sodium (Na)
B. Potassium (K)
C. Calcium (Ca)
D. Magnesium (Mg)
B. Potassium (K)
Slide 3
The speed of diffusion is proportional to _______ .
A. distance
B. distance squared
C. time squared
D. volume
B. distance squared
Slide 3
Which of the following are types of solutes involved in diffusion? Select 3
A. Glucose
B. Proteins
C. Electrolytes
D. Water
E. Lipids
A. Glucose
B. Proteins
C. Electrolytes
Slide 3
Which of the following are true about diffusion? Select 2
A. Can relate to electrical gradients
B. Moves from low to high concentration
C. Can occur across permeable membranes
D. Does not relate to electrical gradients
E. Speed is proportional to distance cubed
A. Can relate to electrical gradients
C. Can occur across permeable membranes
As well as:
* Solute particles fill solvent
* High to low concentration
* Speed is proportional to distance squared*
Slide 3
What type of membrane is involved in osmosis?
A. Impermeable
B. Semipermeable
C. Permeable
D. Nonpermeable
B. Semipermeable
A semipermeable membrane separates pure water from water with dissolved solute
Osmosis Jones… 2001 throwback..
Slide 4
In osmosis, water diffuses from ____ concentration to ____ concentration solute.
A. low; high
B. high; low
C. equal; unequal
D. random; specific
A. low; high
Slide 4
What factor directly affects osmotic pressure?
A. Pressure
B. Solvent
C. Temperature
D. Gravity
C. Temperature
Slide 4
Which factors affect osmotic pressure? Select 2
A. Molecular weight
B. Number of molecules
C. Volume
D. Speed
B. Number of molecules
C. Volume (inversely affects pressure)
*P = nRT/V
Osmotic pressure is affected by temperature, number of molecules, volume
Slide 4
True or False
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that resists the movement of water through osmosis
True
Slide 4
What does osmolarity measure?
A. The number of osmotically active particles per liter of solutes
B. The number of osmotically active particles per liter of solvent
C. The number of osmotically active particles per gram of solvent
D. The number of osmotically inactive particles per liter of solvent
B. The number of osmotically active particles per liter of solvent
Kane - know the difference unless you are eating McDonalds
Slide 5
Which statements are true about osmolarity and its effects?
A. Higher osmolarity has higher pulling power
B. Lower osmolarity has higher pulling power
C. Osmolality is measured in particles per liter of solvent
D. Patient with higher serum glucose has lower osmolarity
A. Higher osmolarity has higher pulling power
Slide 5
Patient A has a serum glucose of 600 mg/dL, and Patient B has a serum glucose of 250 mg/dL. _______ has higher osmolarity because of the higher number of _______.
A. Patient A; particles
B. Patient B; particles
C. Patient A; cells
D. Patient B; cells
A. Patient A; particles
Slide 5
True or False
Osmolality refers to the number of osmotically active particles per liter of solvent.
False (The correct measurement is per kilogram of solvent)
Slide 6
The normal range of osmolality in the human body is _______ to _______ mOsm.
A. 260; 270
B. 270; 280
C. 280; 290
D. 290; 300
C. 280- 290
Slide 6
What is oncotic pressure?
A. The total pressure exerted by water in the body
B. The total osmotic pressure due to colloids
C. The total pressure exerted by electrolytes in the body
D. The total osmotic pressure exerted by glucose in the bloodstream
B. The component of total osmotic pressure due to colloids
Slide 7
What percentage of oncotic pressure is contributed by albumin?
A. 50-60%
B. 60-70%
C. 65-75%
D. 70-80%
C. 65-75%
Slide 7