Anesthesia Equipment Part I (Ericksen) Exam 2 Flashcards by Kaitlyn McDow

What is one of the primary purposes of using face masks in anesthesia?

A. To administer oral medication
B. To administer gas without anything in the patient’s mouth
C. To monitor airway pressure from the mouth
D. To measure oxygen saturation

B. To allow gas administration from the breathing system without any apparatus in the patient’s mouth

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Which process do face masks help with in anesthesia? Select 2

A. Denitrogenation
B. Defibrillation
C. Preoxygenation
D. Intubation
E. Ventilation

A. Denitrogenation
C. Preoxygenation

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Face masks can be used for:

A. Only the beginning of an anesthetic procedure
B. Only the end of an anesthetic procedure
C. The entire anesthetic procedure
D. Only during surgical procedures

C. The entire anesthetic procedure
Ear tube surgery - 10min
Elderly patients - ear wax removal - 5min case

Non-invasive, no ETT or LMA. We are required to do these cases. Mostly in peds

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True or False

Face masks provide positive airway pressure and gas movement through a patients protected airway

False. Fase masks provide positive aiway pressure and gas movement through an unprotected the airway.

Still possible to vomit and aspirate. There is nothing in the vocal cords to prevent aspiration. Patients LIE, could have eaten or full belly

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How do you know if you are successfully bag masking your patient?
A. EtCO2
B. Chest rise
C. Tidal Volume
D. O2 saturation
E. No excessive gas leak
F. All the Above

F. All the Above

You should not have an excessive gas leak, having a good seal of the mask on the nose and mouth. The pneumatic cuff is there to keep that good seal

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What is a characteristic of the body of the face mask?

A. Opaque and provides shape
B. Transparent and provides shape
C. Colored and rigid
D. Soft and scented

B. Transparent and provides shape

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What is the function of the seal on the face mask?

A. To provide structural integrity
B. To monitor the patient’s breathing
C. To connect to the oxygen supply
D. Cushion and minimal leak

D. Inflatable cushion and have a minimal leak

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The seal of the face mask is an inflatable cushion that creates a minimal leak at ________ to ________cm H₂O.
A. 15 to 20
B. 20 to 25
C. 25 to 30
D. 30 to 35

B. 20 to 25cm H₂O
There is no perfect seal, will have a leak, but ok if it is at this pressure

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The connector of the face mask has a ________ mm internal diameter and a circular ring with prongs for straps.

A. 18 mm
B. 20mm
C. 22 mm
D. 25 mm

C. 22 mm

Face mask with prongs for mask straps

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Face masks may have additional features such as pacifier, ________, or scent.

A. ports
B. fresh gas inlet
C. built-in filters
D. temperature sensors

A. ports - for bronchoscopy or endoscope for pulmonology
Grape scent is bad, bubblegum or cherry is good

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What bag mask method is this picture demonstrating?

One-handed method

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What bag mask method is this picture demonstrating?

Two handed method used for bigger face, adipose tissue or endentulous
Someone else is bagging for you

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Which of the following are factors contributing to difficult mask ventilation? (Select 6)

A. Female gender
B. Male gender
C. Age over 55
D. Presence of a beard
E. Having all teeth
F. Edentulousness
G. BMI < 30 kg/m²
H. BMI > 30 kg/m²
I. OSA/snoring

B. Male gender
C. Age over 55
D. Presence of a beard - a beard
F. Edentulousness - no teeth
H. BMI > 30 kg/m²
I. OSA/snoring -sometimes pt don’t know

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The presence of ________ can make mask ventilation more difficult.

A. a beard
B. clean-shaven
C. long hair
D. botox lips

A. a beard

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For patients with a beard, it may be necessary to ________ the beard to improve mask ventilation.

A. style
B. braid
C. cut
D. glue

C. cut
You can also use a tegaderm and cut a hole in it where the mouth is

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To overcome difficult mask ventilation, one may use an oral airway or a ________ airway.

A. pharyngeal
B. tracheal
C. nasopharyngeal
D. esophageal

C. nasopharyngeal Dr. Ericksen loves these

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True or false

The two-handed technique is a way of overcoming difficult mask ventilation.

True - have someone bag for you

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If traditional mask ventilation methods fail, one should refer to the ________ airway algorithm.

A. regular
B. difficult
C. standard
D. emergency

B. difficult

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When do we like to use mask straps? Select 4

A. Small hands with big faces
B. Big hands with small faces
C. Endentulous faces
D. Large beards
E. Hands free while pt is SPV
F. Facial reconstruction

A. Small hands with big faces
C. Endentulous faces
D. Large beards
E. Hands free while pt is SPV

*Make sure patient is asleep or comfortable/sedated because they can be claustrophobic. *

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What is the primary function of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? (pick 2)

A) To provide mechanical ventilation
B) To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway
C) To keep the tonsils from blocking the upper airway
D) To keep the epiglottis from blocking the upper airway

B) To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway
D) To keep the epiglottis from blocking the upper airway
Lifts the tongue and epiglottis away from the posterior pharyngeal wall to relieve obstruction that may occure and open up the airway

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When should an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) NOT be used?

A) In an unconscious patient without a gag reflex
B) In a conscious patient
C) During resuscitation
D) In conjunction with a bag-valve mask

B) In a conscious patient
Not comfortable

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True or False

You can let the PACU nurses remove the OPA when the patient is still sleeping so they don’t wake up agitated.

FALSE
When the patient is awake enough to reach up and try and remove the OPA, that shows you they can support their airway. Then you can remove the OPA

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What is the correct method to measure the appropriate size of an oropharyngeal airway?

A) From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
B) From the tip of the nose to the jawline
C) From the middle of the tongue to the back of the throat
D) From the corner of the mouth to the chin

A) From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or to the angle of the JAW LINE

Putting a OPA that is too small is dangerous because pt can swallow it. Size appropriatley

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True or False

An OPA helps decrease the work of breathing during spontaneous ventilation (SV).

True
You can place after propofol and trying to mask ventilate and you notice they are obstructing even with repositioning the head/neck. Helps facilitate masking

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What material are most oropharyngeal airways (OPA) made of? A) PVC B) Plastic C) Rubber D) Silicone

B) Plastic

Why must the bite portion of an oropharyngeal airway be firm? A) To ensure flexibility with insertion B) To prevent the patient from closing the lumen by biting C) To allow easy insertion into the oropharynx D) To prevent patient from collapsing their airway

B) To prevent the patient from closing the lumen by biting *Make sure they have GOOD teeth, if they have bad teeth (meth mouth) do NOT put an OPA in.*

How are oropharyngeal airways (OPA) typically color-coded? A) By the length of the airway B) By the manufacturer C) By the size designated in millimeters D) By the type of material used

C) By the size designated in millimeters *Not always color coded. Size is important.. 🤭*

Which reflexes should be depressed before inserting an oropharyngeal airway? A) Pharyngeal and cough reflexes B) Gag and swallow reflexes C) Pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes D) Laryngeal and gag reflexes

C) Pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes *Don't need to be paralyzed, can do it with induction agent or enough narcotic on board*

If the pharngeal and laryngeal reflexes are still intact while placing an OPA due to inadequate anesthetics on board, what can be a consequence? A. Vomiting B. Coughing C. Spit out the OPA D. Aspirate E. Laryngospasm F. Bronchospasm G. All of the above

G. All of the above *Will not see any of these problem when the patient is emerging from anesthesia. Only when inducing*

What are the two ways of inserting OPAs? Select 2 A. Inserting right side up and invert as you advance B. Inserting upside down and invert as you advance C. Scissor mouth and invert as you advance D. Two fingers in the nose and lift E. Insert upside down and sweep tongue to the left F. Tongue depressor method

B. Inserting upside down and invert as you advance F. Tongue depressor method

A bite block is placed between the upper and lower ________ and ________. A) teeth, gums B) lips, cheeks C) tongue, roof of the mouth

A) teeth, gums

One of the primary uses of a bite block is to prevent biting on a ____________. Select 3 A) Endotracheal tube B) Endoscope C) Laryngoscope D) Tracheoscope E) Bronchoscope

A) Endotracheal tube B) Endoscope E) Bronchoscope

# True of False You put the bite block in the patient after they go to sleep because its easier to get in the mouth.

FALSE *Place it BEFORE they go to sleep, while they are awake.* *When the patient goes to sleep, its like jaws of life, you are trying to pry their mouth open. The "propofol yawn" will be the last chance you get to try and stick it in. *

What is one advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) over an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? A) Tolerated with loose teeth B) Easier to insert C) Less risk of infection D) More suitable for unconscious patients

A) Better tolerated in patients with loose teeth or *oral trauma* | Ericksen's favorite

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)? A) Basilar skull fracture B) Nasal deformity C) Epilepsy D) History of epistaxis

C) Epilepsy

In which condition is the use of a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) preferable? A) Patients with an intact airway reflex B) Patients with nasal obstruction C) Patients with a basilar skull fracture D) Patients with a history of nosebleeds

A) Patients with an intact airway reflex

NPAs are preferable in patients with loose teeth, oral trauma, gingivitis, or ________ mouth opening. A) limited B) wide C) obstructed D) normal

A) limited

NPAs are contraindicated in patients with nasal deformity, history of epistaxis, pregnancy, and ________. A) hypertension B) coagulopathy C) diabetes D) asthma

B) coagulopathy *Definitely a no. History of a nosebleed is not necessarily an absolute contraindication. Need more information from the patient* *Pregnancy - very vascular patients, avoid anything that cause additional bleeding*

Nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) resemble a shortened ________ tube. A) tracheal B) esophageal C) nasal D) bronchial

A) tracheal

The flange at the outer end of an NPA is designed to prevent complete ________ through the nasal cavity A) bypass B) blockage C) passage D) removal

C) passage

NPAs are ________ stimulating than OPAs. A) more B) equally C) less D) not

C) less

NPAs are sized by the outer diameter in the ________ scale. A) metric B) French C) imperial D) English

B) French *Anywhere from 10-36 french*

The correct size of an NPA is determined by measuring from the bony mandible or nostril to the ________. A) external auditory meatus B) tip of the nose C) corner of the mouth D) angle of the jawline

A) external auditory meatus

Before insertion, an NPA should be ________ thoroughly. A) cleaned B) lubricated C) sanitized D) bent

B) lubricated *Can't have too much lube. But don't force it down*

When a NPA is fully inserted it is approximately ________mm above the epiglottis A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20

B) 10mm

Which of the following is a potential complication of incorrect placement of an airway device? A) Enhanced breathing B) Airway obstruction C) Increased comfort D) Improved oxygenation

B) Airway obstruction - *seen more with OPAs, pushed in too far. Size matters, don't size down*

What material in older NPAs can cause allergies in some patients? A) Plastic B) Silicone C) Latex D) Metal

C) Latex -*older NPAs, usually green in color*

Which of the following are complications of airway devices? (Select 5) A) Airway obstruction B) Improved oxygenation C) Ulceration of nose D) Dental damage E) Enhanced breathing F) Oral damage G) Ulceration of the tongue

A) Airway obstruction C) Ulceration of nose D) Dental F) Oral damage G) Ulceration of the tongue

Which can cause ulcerations of the tongue and nose with an airway device in place? Select 3 A) Increased duration of time in place B) Decreased duration of time in place C) Lateral Postion D) Supine Position E) Prone Position

A) Increased duration of time in place C) Lateral Postion E) Prone Position *Don't put an airway device in* *Use soft gauze rolled up instead of hard plastic if you want to place something*

Who is credited with the invention of supraglottic airways such as LMAs or IGELs? A) Dr. Archie Bain B) Dr. Archie Brain C) Dr. Jane Smith D) Dr. Alan Jones

B) Dr. Archie Brain

Supraglottic airways are an intermediate bridge between which two airway management tools? A) Nasal cannula and oxygen mask B) Face mask and endotracheal tube C) Oral airway and nasal airway D) Laryngeal mask and tracheostomy tube

B) Face mask and endotracheal tube

Supraglottic airways are _________ invasive than an ETT. A) More invasive B) Less invasive C) Equally invasive D) Non-invasive

B) Less invasive

Supraglottic airways are suitable for which types of ventilation? A) SV (Spontaneous Ventilation) only B) PPV (Positive Pressure Ventilation) only C) Both SV and PPV D) Neither SV nor PPV

C) Both SV and PPV **

The LMA Classic is shaped like a tracheal tube (TT) ________. A) distally B) proximally C) medially D) entirely

B) proximally

The LMA Classic has an ________ mask distally with an inflatable cuff. A) round B) elliptical C) square D) triangular

B) elliptical *It is slightly inflated during insertion, once inserted inflate the cuff*

The LMA Classic sits in the ________ and surrounds the supraglottic structure. A) Trachea B) Esophagus C) Hypopharynx D) Nasal cavity

C) In the hypopharynx

Which of the following is true about the LMA Classic? (pick 3) A) It is latex-free B) It contains latex C) It is not reusable D) It is reusable E) It is disposable

A) It is latex-free D) Reusable *don't hold their shape and leak, usually don't see these a while* E) Disposable

# True or False The LMA classic is MRI compatible

False *If there is a metal spring inside*

Matching

LMA Size 1 - E) Neonates/infants up to 5 kg LMA Size 1.5 - C) Infants between 5-10 kg LMA Size 2 - G) Infants/children btw 10-20 kg LMA Size 2.5 - F) Children between 20-30 kg LMA Size 3 - A) Children 30-50 kg LMA Size 4 - H) Adults 50-70 kg LMA Size 5 - B) Adults 70-100 kg LMA Size 6 - D) Adults over 100 kg | ONLY 2 with HALF SIZES (test question), 1.5 and 2.5

What is a potential complication of using an LMA that is too small? A) Gas leaks during positive pressure B) Greater incidence of sore throat C) Pressure on recurrent laryngeal nerves D) Won't seat over glottis

A) Gas leaks during positive pressure

Which of the following are complications of using an LMA that is too large? (Select 5) A) Gas leaks during positive pressure B) Won't seat over glottis C) Greater incidence of sore throat D) Possible pressure on lingual nerve E) Less incidence of sore throat F) Possible pressure on hypoglossal nerve G) Possible pressure on recurrent laryngeal nerves

B) Won't seat over glottis - *leads to sore throat* C) Greater incidence of sore throat -* hours or days later* D) Possible pressure on lingual nerve F) hypoglossal nerve G) recurrent laryngeal nerves nerve *If popping out of the mouth, deflate, take it out and size down*

What is the first step in the insertion of an LMA? A) Well lubricated with cuff deflated all the way B) Well lubricated with the cuff down C) Insert the device without lubrication D) Hold it vertically

B) Ensure it is well lubricated with the cuff down *Having the cuff inflated slightly helps with preventing the tip from flipping up or down*

How should the LMA be held during insertion? A) Like a spoon B) Like a pencil C) Like a knife D) Like a syringe

B) Like a pencil

During insertion, the LMA should be directed ________. A) Upward against the hard palate B) Downward toward the tongue C) Horizontally towards the pharynx D) Vertically toward the hard palate

A) Upward against the hard palate

Which of the following should be done to ensure proper placement of the LMA? A) Follow the posterior pharyngeal wall B) Feel it curve around upward in the airway C) Ensure it doesn't comes to a stop D) Inflate the cuff before insertion

A) Follow the posterior pharyngeal wall

Which motion should be used when inserting the LMA? A) Fast and forceful B) Gentle and slow C) Smooth and continuous D) Jerky and intermittent

C) Smooth and continuous

When inserting the LMA, you should feel it curve around downward in the airway and then ________. A) come to a stop B) start to inflate C) begin to vibrate D) conitnue through

A) come to a stop *It comes to a stop and can't go any further*

What is a visible sign that the LMA is correctly positioned when the balloon is inflated? A) The patient's eyes blink B) The neck bulges C) The patient coughs D) The balloon deflates

B) The neck bulges *and the LMA may "rise" slightly*

Which technique can be used to assist with difficult placement of an LMA? A) Put pressure on the cricoid B) Perform a jaw lift and pull the tongue forward C) Rotate the patient's head D) Inflate the balloon to maximum pressure immediately

B) Perform a jaw lift and pull the tongue forward, *slighly inflate balloon or change to different technique*

What material is the LMA Unique made of? A) Silicone B) PVC C) Rubber D) Metal

B) PVC

The LMA Unique resembles the LMA Classic except the Unique's cuff is: A) It is reusable B) It is stiffer and has a more compliant cuff C) It is stiffer with a less compliant cuff D) It is made for long-term use

C) **It is stiffer with a less compliant cuff** *Not flimsy* | ..test question.

The LMA Unique is designed for ________. A) Repeated use B) Pediatric use only C) Long-term placement D) Single use, disposable

D) Single use, disposable

How does the insertion technique of the LMA Unique compare to the LMA Classic? A) It is the same B) It is different C) It is more complicated D) It requires additional equipment

A) It is the same

What type of access does the **LMA Proseal** provide that the Classic LMA does not? A) Tracheal access B) Gastric access C) Nasal access D) Esophageal access

B) Gastric access **** second generation dt gastric access tube*

Which specific gastric access does the LMA Proseal facilitate? A) NGT (Nasogastric Tube) B) OGT (Orogastric Tube) C) PEG tube D) GJ tube

B) OGT (Orogastric Tube) *as long as you have the correct size and seated correctly it will go into the right hole*

Which of the following are features of the LMA Proseal? Select 2 A) Wire reinforced B) Longer than Classic LMA C) Provides bronchial access D) Made of metal E) Shorter than Classic LMA

A) Wire reinforced E) Shorter than Classic LMA

The iGel LMA is made from ________-grade thermoplastic elastomer. A) Silicone B) PVC C) Medical D) Rubber

C) Medical *They really really really protect the airway*

What feature does the IGel LMA provide for gastric access? A) Gastric balloon B) Gastric channel C) Gastric tube D) No gastric access

B) Gastric channel

The iGel LMA is noninflatable and creates an anatomical seal around the pharyngeal , ________, and ________ structures. A) Perilaryngeal/Hypoglossal B) Oropharynx/Perilaryngeal C) Laryngeal/Hypoglossal D) Laryngeal/ Perilaryngeal

D) Laryngeal/ Perilaryngeal | IGEL LMAS (NO CUFF)

# True or False You can intubate through LMAs

True LMAs are a conduit for intubation

One of the advantages of LMAs is the ease and ________ of placement. A) difficulty B) speed C) direction D) uncertainty

B) speed *Once you get the hang of it*

LMAs provide improved ________ stability during procedures. A) respiratory B) cardiovascular C) hemodynamic D) metabolic

C) hemodynamic *You don't need to get them to deep, won't have to use as much anesthetic, you don't have 'hills and valleys' with BP and HR.*

The use of LMAs often results in reduced ________ requirements. A) oxygen B) anesthetic C) surgical D) medication

B) anesthetic *Don't really need paralytic or gas, can do with just propofol*

# True or False LMA's need muscle relaxation for placement

FALSE *LMA's do not need muscle relaxation for placement*

LMAs help in avoiding some of the risks associated with ________ intubation. A) nasal B) oral C) tracheal D) esophageal

C) tracheal *can have some coughing or sore throat, but it is reduced with LMA if sized appropriately*

One of the disadvantages of LMAs is that they have smaller seal pressures compared to ________. A) Nasal cannulas B) Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) C) Face masks D) Tracheostomy tubes

B) Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) *Increased possibility of inadequate ventilation with higher airway pressures* *ETT is better with higher airway pressures*

LMAs provide no protection from ________. A) Airway obstruction B) Laryngospasm C) Hypoxia D) Bronchospasm

B) Laryngospasm *Since it's not through the cords and sitting on top of them it causes more irritation*

LMAs offer little protection from ________ and aspiration. A) Gastric regurgitation B) Airway collapse C) Upper airway obstruction D) Pulmonary edema

A) Gastric regurgitation *Worst for aspiration is the 1st Generation The best protection from aspiration/regurgitation is IGEL and then 2nd generations (they have a gastric opening) IGEL>2nd generation >1st generation*

Which of the following are true about the **handle** of the larygoscope? (Select 3) A) Part held in hand B) Power for the light C) Forms a right angle to the blade D) Contains the light source

A) Part held in hand *- non dominant* B) Provides power for the light C) Forms a right angle to the blade *when ready for use*

The handle of the device provides power for the light and most use ________. A) rechargeable batteries B) solar power C) disposable batteries D) a power cord

C) disposable batteries

The light source in the device can be either a light bulb or ________. A) LED B) halogen C) fluorescent D) fiberoptic

D) fiberoptic

The components of the device can be manufactured as a single piece or with a detachable ________. Select 2 A) light B) handle C) blade D) switch E) fiberoptic

B) blade C) handle

Which of the following are functions of the blade of the device? (Select 3) A) Inserted into mouth B) Manipulates and compresses soft tissue (tongue) C) Provides power for the light D) Directly or indirectly elevates epiglottis E) Decreases in number/increases in size F) Uses lithium batteries

A) Inserted into mouth B) **Tongue** :Manipulates and compresses soft tissue D) Directly or indirectly elevates epiglottis *Increasing number means increasing in size*

What type of blade is A and B?

A) Mac blade B) Miller blade *You can use them interchangebly in different anatomies. Whatever works for you to see the cords*

Most alterations change the angle from the ________ to the ________ and they are differences as noted how they are used. A) blade, handle B) light, handle C) tongue, handle D) mouth, handle

C) tongue, handle

The tongue of a Macintosh blade has a ________ curve. A) sharp B) gentle C) steep D) minimal

B) gentle

Which sizes of Macintosh blades are useful for adults? A) #1 and #2 B) #2 and #3 C) #3 and #4 D) #4 and #5

C) #3 and #4

Macintosh blades have been shown to cause greater ________ spine movement compared to Miller blades. A) lumbar B) thoracic C) cervical D) sacral

C) cervical * need to manipulate the head and neck more with the Macintosh blade*

# True or false Macintosh blades make intubation easier because blade requires adequate mouth opening due to blade size

True *Macintosh blades are easier to place because they are big and take up a lot of space. The patient has to open their mouth more and you get a better view of the glottis*

Miller blades are great for ________ mouths and longer necks. A) larger B) smaller C) medium-sized D) all

B) smaller

Which sizes of Miller blades are commonly used for adults? A) #1 and #2 B) #2 and #3 C) #3 and #4 D) #4 and #5

B) #2 and #3

After the epiglottis is visualized, the tip of the Macintosh blade is advanced into the ________ to move the ________ forward. A) vallecula, larynx B) trachea, tongue C) vallecula, epiglottis D) esophagus, uvula

C) vallecula, epiglottis

Macintosh Pressure at the right angle of the blade and the ________ moves the base of the tongue and epiglottis ________. A) tongue, upward B) handle, forward C) light source, backward D) handle, downward

B) handle, forward

# True or False The Macintosh can be used like a Miller to elevate the tip of the epiglottis

True

The blade of the Miller lifts the ________. A) tongue B) epiglottis C) uvula D) larynx

B) epiglottis

Miller If the blade is inserted too far, it elevates the ________ or ________. A) larynx, esophagus B) tongue, uvula C) epiglottis, soft palate D) vocal cords, trachea

A) larynx, esophagus (too deep)

Miller If withdrawn too far, the ________ flips down and covers the ________. A) uvula, larynx B) tongue, epiglottis C) epiglottis, glottis D) soft palate, vocal cords

C) epiglottis, glottis *too shallow

What is the ideal position for performing laryngoscopy? A. Supine position B. Snofing position C. Snuffing position D. Sniffing position

D. "Sniffing" position

The Miller blade can be used like a Macintosh blade to insert into the ________. A) larynx B) trachea C) vallecula D) esophagus

C) vallecula

When advancing the laryngoscope blade, on which side of the mouth should the blade be inserted? A. Left side B. Right side C. Center D. Either side

B. Right side

During laryngoscopy, what should be done with the tongue when advancing the blade? A. Keep the tongue centered B. Push the tongue to the right and elevate C. Push the tongue to the left and elevate D. Leave the tongue as it is

C. Push the tongue to the left and elevate *This should allow the epiglottis to come into view*

In the "sniffing" position for laryngoscopy, which of the following are correct? (Select 2) A. 35 degree lower cervical flexion B. 80 to 90 degree head extension C. 80 to 90 degree head flexion D. 35 degree lower cervical extension E. Head should be in a neutral position

A. 35 degree lower cervical flexion B. 80 to 90 degree head extension *at atlanto-occiptal level*

To create an optimal head position for laryngoscopy, an imaginary horizontal line should connect the external auditory meatus and the ______. A. Clavicle B. Sternal notch C. Mandible D. Thyroid cartilage

B. Sternal notch

The right hand opens the mouth using a "________" technique to keep the lips free for blade insertion. A. Rock B. Paper C. Scissor D. Shoot

C. Scissor

When dealing with difficult airways during laryngoscopy, which of the following techniques and tools are recommended? A. Rigid laryngoscope only B. Flexible fiberoptic scope C. Maintaining an extended neck position D. Use of a nasopharyngeal airway

**B. Flexible fiberoptic scope or video laryngoscope

What is the recommended head and neck position when managing difficult airways with a flexible fiberoptic scope or video laryngoscope? A. Hyperextended position B. Rotated position C. Flexed position D. Neutral position

D. Neutral position *Use an OPA if necessary*

During laryngoscopy, a patient with a difficult airway can be: A. Always awake B. Always asleep C. Either awake or asleep D. Only sedated

C. Either awake or asleep

What does the acronym BURP stand for in the context of displacing the larynx? A. Backward, Upward, Rightward, Pressure B. Backward, Upward, Rotational, Pressure C. Backward, Upward, Rightward, Placement D. Backward, Upward, Rotational, Placement

A. Backward, Upward, Rightward, Pressure

What is required for obese patients during laryngoscopy to improve positioning? A. Elevation of the shoulders and legs B. Elevation of the shoulders and upper back C. Elevation of the shoulders and lower back D. Elevation of the shoulders and arms

B. Elevation of the shoulders and upper back

Which of the following can be used to achieve the ramped position? A. Troop Elevation Pillow B. Extra mattresses C. Pillow under the legs D. Bed in Trendelenburg position

A. Troop Elevation Pillow *Can use folded blanket as well*