Compressed Gasses/Vaporizers (Kane) Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary purpose of oxygen cylinders?
A. Storing medical gases
B. Providing oxygen in primary and emergency situations
C. Measuring atmospheric pressure
D. Storing carbon dioxide for emergency use
A
B. Providing oxygen in primary and emergency situations
According to Kane:
Used two ways:
Primary sources- For transport
Emergency sources - if pipelines fails and none on wall outlets
Slide 2
2
Q
In the U.S., how are oxygen cylinders marked?
A. By shape
B. By size
C. By color
D. By material
A
C. By color
Color coded and always the same color related to the gas on the tank, wall outlet, the picture in front of the machine showing cylinder pressure
O2 – Green
Air – Yellow
Nitrous – Blue
Slide 2
3
Q
What does “psi” stand for?
A) Pressure per square inch
B) Pounds per square inch
C) Pressure per standard inch
D) Pounds per standard inch
A
B) Pounds per square inch
Slide 3
4
Q
Which statement correctly describes a non-liquified gas?
A. A gas that becomes liquid at low pressures
B. A gas that does not liquefy at ordinary ambient temperatures regardless of the pressure applied
C. A gas that liquefies at ordinary ambient temperatures regardless of the pressure applied
D. A gas that becomes solid at ambient temperatures
A
B. A gas that does not liquefy at ordinary ambient temperatures regardless of the pressure applied
Slide 3
5
Q
Which of the following are examples of non-liquified gases? Select 3
A. Nitrous oxide
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Air
E. Helium
A
C. Oxygen
D. Air
E. Helium
Slide 3
6
Q
True or False:
Liquefied gases become liquid to a large extent in containers at low temperature and at pressures from 15-1200 psi.
A
False
Liquefied gases become liquid to a large extent in containers at ambient temperature and at pressures from 25-1500 psi.
Slide 3
7
Q
Which of the following gases can become liquid at ambient temperature and pressures from 25-1500 psi? Select 2
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Helium
D. Nitrous oxide
A
B. Carbon dioxide
D. Nitrous oxide
Slide 3
8
Q
Which government agency is responsible for ensuring the purity of medical gases?
A. DOT
B. OSHA
C. FDA
D. National Fire Protection Association
A
C. FDA
oversees the purities
Allowed a minute amount per square inch of junk allowed
Slide 4
9
Q
What aspects of medical gases are regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT)? Select 4
A. Purity
B. Marking
C. Labeling
D. Storage
E. Fire safety
F. Handling
A
B. Marking
C. Labeling
D. Storage
F. Handling
Slide 4
10
Q
Which government agency focuses on employee safety in relation to medical gases?
A. FDA
B. DOT
C. OSHA (Department of Labor)
D. National Fire Protection Association
A
C. OSHA (Department of Labor)
Slide 4
11
Q
True or False:
The National Fire Protection Association is involved in setting standards for fire safety related to medical gases.
A
True
Oxygen supports fire, does not cause fire
Slide 4
12
Q
What materials can the body of a gas cylinder be made from?
A) Steel, aluminum, copper
B) Steel, steel carbon fiber, aluminum
C) Aluminum, brass, bronze
D) Steel carbon fiber, copper, brass
A
B) Steel, steel carbon fiber, aluminum
According to Kane:
A lot of tanks made out of steel - cheap
Some Aluminum for places that have magnet like MRI
Slide 5
13
Q
Which type of cylinder/tank is MRI safe?
A
aluminum
Slide 5
14
Q
What type of bases can a gas cylinder have?
A) Flat or concave
B) Convex or concave
C) Flat or convex
D) Round or flat
A
A) Flat or concave
like an INNIE belly button
Not convex like a weebles wobble..
Slide 5
15
Q
What feature is found on the neck of a gas cylinder?
A) Smooth surface
B) Welded ring
C) Screw threads
D) Rubber gasket
A
C) Screw threads
Slide 5
16
Q
Which of the following statements about the check valve in a gas cylinder are true? (Select 3)
A) The check valve is attached to the neck of the cylinder.
B) The check valve prevents the cylinder from being refilled.
C) The check valve allows for the refilling and discharge of gas.
D) Check valves are commonly made from bronze or brass.
E) The check valve is located at the bottom of the cylinder.
F) The primary function of the check valve is to measure gas pressure.
A
A) The check valve is attached to the neck of the cylinder.
C) The check valve allows for the refilling and discharge of gas.
D) Check valves are commonly made from bronze or brass.
Slide 5
17
Q
What is the primary function of the handle on a gas cylinder?
A) To measure the pressure
B) To open/close the cylinder
C) To attach the cylinder to a surface
D) To regulate gas flow
A
B) To open/close the cylinder
Slide 6
18
Q
What should be attached to every gas cylinder?
A) Pressure gauge
B) Temperature sensor
C) Handle
D) Valve
A
C) Handle
open and close cylinder
Slide 6
19
Q
What is the primary function of the pressure relief device on a gas cylinder?
A) To regulate gas flow
B) To contain contents to the inside of the cylinder if pressure increases to a dangerous level
C) To vent cylinder contents to the atmosphere if pressure increases to a dangerous level
D) To prevent gas leakage
A
C) To vent cylinder contents to the atmosphere if pressure increases to a dangerous level
Slide 6
20
Q
Which of the following are a component of the pressure relief device on a gas cylinder? (select 3)
A) Disc that bursts
B) Fusible plug that melts
C) Valve that closes
D) Valve that opens
E) Fusible plug that bursts
A
A) Disc that bursts 🤯
B) Fusible plug that melts🫠
D) Valve that opens🔧
Slide 6
21
Q
What is another name for the pressure relief device on a gas cylinder?
A) Regulator
B) Safety valve
C) Pressure gauge
D) Safety relief
A
D) Safety relief
Slide 6
22
Q
Where are the holes on the cylinder valve positioned in the Pin Index Safety System?
A) Around the top of the cylinder
B) In an arc below the outlet port
C) Along the side of the cylinder
D) At the base of the cylinder
A
B) In an arc below the outlet port
Slide 7
23
Q
What is the purpose of the holes on the cylinder valve in the Pin Index Safety System?
A) To release gas from the pins
B) To position the cylinder correctly
C) To fit pins from the yoke or pressure regulator
D) To measure gas pressure out of the pins
A
C) To fit pins from the yoke or pressure regulator
preventing crossover
Ex: O2 tank has a 2,5 pin hole – the O2 hanger will have 2,5 fittings → will not go into a nitrogen tank/pin
Slide 7
24
Q
True or False:
The smallest cylinder size is labeled as “a”.
A
True
Get grandma to the store and back
Slide 8
25
Which cylinder size is most commonly used on anesthesia machines?
A) A
B) D
C) E
D) H
C) E
*AnesthEEEEEEsia*
## Footnote
Slide 8
26
Which cylinder size is typically used for transport?
A) A
B) D
C) E
D) H
B) D
skinner and a little bit longer...🤭
## Footnote
Slide 8
27
Which cylinder sizes are typically used as large tanks for refilling?
A) A and B
B) C and D
C) E and F
D) G and H
D) G and H
***G**irthy and **H**efty
not day to day use*
## Footnote
Slide 8, lecture
28
What is the approximate pressure at which gas is supplied to the machine from the cylinder?
A) 30 psi
B) 45 psi
C) 60 psi
D) 75 psi
B) 45 psi
## Footnote
Slide 8
29
True or False:
The gas supply from the cylinder on the back of our machines must remain open when not in use.
False
The gas supply from the cylinder must remain **closed** when not in use.
*If you leave them open and the wall pressure fails, there won't be an audible alarm until the cylinder on your machine is completely empty and then its really bad..*
## Footnote
Slide 8
30
What happens to the pressure of a non-liquified gas as the volume decreases?
A) The pressure increases
B) The pressure remains the same
C) The pressure decreases
D) The pressure fluctuates
C) The pressure decreases
*As O2, Air and Helium pressure decreases, the volume decreases*
## Footnote
Slide 9
31
Which of the following statements about the oxygen pressure and gas volume in the cylinders are true with non-liquified gas? (Select 4)
A) A full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 1900 psig and a volume of 600 L.
B) A half-full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 950 psig and a volume of 330 L.
C) A quarter-full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 475 psig and a volume of 165 L.
D) An empty cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 0 psig and a volume of 0 L.
E) A full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 600 psig and a volume of 1900 L.
A) A full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 1900 psig and a volume of 600 L.
B) A half-full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 950 psig and a volume of 330 L.
C) A quarter-full cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 475 psig and a volume of 165 L.
D) An empty cylinder has an oxygen pressure of 0 psig and a volume of 0 L.
## Footnote
Slide 9
32
For liquefied gas, what does the pressure depend on?
A) Volume remaining
B) Cylinder size
C) Vapor pressure
D) Temperature
C) Vapor pressure
## Footnote
Slide 10
33
True or False:
For liquefied gas, the pressure is a good indication of the remaining volume.
False
*pressure is NOT an indication of remaining volume*
## Footnote
Slide 10
34
At what pressure does a full cylinder (1590L) of nitrous oxide typically read?
A) 600 psig
B) 745 psig
C) 500 psig
D) 350 psig
B) 745 psig
## Footnote
Slide 10
35
Which of the following statements about the pressure of liquefied gas cylinders are true? (Select 2)
A) The pressure decreases as the volume decreases.
B) The pressure increases as the liquid decreases.
C) The pressure depends on vapor pressure.
D) The pressure is a reliable indicator of the remaining volume.
E) The pressure drops significantly once it is nearly empty.
C) The pressure depends on vapor pressure.
E) **The pressure drops significantly once it is nearly empty.** - *only in vapor phase at this point*
## Footnote
Slide 10
36
Which of the following pieces of information are required by DOT regulations to be present on a gas cylinder? (Select 5)
A) Service pressure
B) Operating temperature
C) Test date
D) Diamond-shaped label indicating hazard
E) Name and address of manufacturer
F) Expiration date of contents
G) Square-shaped label indicating color
A) Service pressure
C) Test date
D) Diamond-shaped label indicating hazard
E) Name and address of manufacturer
F) Expiration date of contents
## Footnote
Slide 11
37
What substances should valves, regulators, and gauges never come into contact with?
A) Oils, greases, water
B) Oils, greases, lubricants
C) Dust, grease lubricants
D) Dust, grease, water
B) Oils, greases, lubricants
*these can cause fire spread*
## Footnote
Slide 12
38
What is the maximum temperature that gas cylinders should be subjected to?
A) 30°C (86°F)
B) 40°C (104°F)
C) 54°C (130°F)
D) 60°C (140°F)
C) 54°C (130°F)
## Footnote
Slide 12
39
What should be done to ensure the connections on gas cylinders are safe? Select 2
A) Keep them loose for easy adjustment
B) Valve kept closed at all times
C) Ensure connections are always tight
D) Cover them with plastic
B) Valve kept closed at all times
C) Ensure connections are always tight
## Footnote
Slide 12
40
What are recommended practices for handling gas cylinders? Select 3
A) Cannot be dropped, drug, slid
B) Sliding them across the floor
C) Keeping the valve open at all times
D) Never crossing use hoses, regulators, gauges
E) Markings, labels must not be altered
F) Cross use hoses, regulators, gauges
A) Cannot be dropped, drug, slid
D) Never crossing use hoses, regulators, gauges
E) Markings, labels must not be altered
*...don't wipe off the ID on a gun... 🔫*
## Footnote
Slide 12
41
Why should gas cylinders be kept properly secured?
A) To prevent gas leakage
B) To ensure accurate pressure readings
C) To prevent them from falling
D) To keep them clean
C) To prevent them from falling
## Footnote
Slide 12
42
What is one of the key requirements for storage rooms for gas cylinders? Select 2
A) High humidity
B) Adequate ventilation
C) Not exposed to dim lighting or fumes
D) Not exposed to corrosive chemicals, fumes
B) Adequate ventilation
D) Not exposed to corrosive chemicals, fumes
## Footnote
Slide 13
43
What type of signs should be present in storage rooms for gas cylinders?
A) "Wet Floor" and "No Smoking"
B) "No Smoking" and "No Combustibles"
C) "Exit" and "Entrance"
D) "No Entry" and "Authorized Personnel Only"
B) "No Smoking" and "No Combustibles"
## Footnote
Slide 13
44
How should gas cylinders be stored in bins?
Select 2
A) Horizontally
B) In stacks
C) Upright
D) Full separated from empty
C) Upright
D) Full separated from empty
| Full to empty tags
## Footnote
Slide 13
45
Which of the following is undesirable in the storage rooms for gas cylinders?
A) Good lighting
B) Wrapping or drapes
C) Clear signage
D) Adequate ventilation
B) Wrapping or drapes
*flammable*
## Footnote
Slide 13
46
Which of the following should be inspected on a gas cylinder before use?
A) The label, pin index holes, color of pressure relief handle
B) The label, pin index holes, regulator, and valve outlet
C) The label, pin index holes, material of the cylinder
D) The label, pin index holes, expiration date
B) The label, pin index holes, regulator, and valve outlet
*The tank is intact, neck isn't crooked, greasy/grimy*
## Footnote
Slide 14
47
What should be done before bringing a gas cylinder to a patient? (Select 3)
A) Close the valve
B) Open the valve
C) Ensure washer is in place
D) Remove a tamper seal
B) Open the valve - *in the hallway*
C) Ensure washer is in place - *after you have removed the tamper seal. You only need ONE. Two washers creates too much distance between the yolk and pins* washer ensures proper placement
D) Remove a tamper seal
## Footnote
Slide 14
48
True or False:
Opening the valve slowly on a gas cylinder reduces the risk of rapid gas release.
True
## Footnote
Slide 14
49
True or False
The valve outlet should be faced towards people when opening a gas cylinder to ensure they can hear the gas flow.
False
The valve outlet should be faced **away from** people when opening a gas cylinder
## Footnote
Slide 14
50
Which of the following are true before using gas cylinders? (Select 2)
A) Check service pressure before using the gas cylinder.
B) Ignore small leaks if they seem minor.
C) Use soapy water to find leaks.
D) Listen for hissing sounds to detect leaks.
E) Correct leaks before using the cylinder.
F) Service pressure can be ignored.
A) Check service pressure before using the gas cylinder.
E) Correct leaks before using the cylinder.
*Screw things together better, readjust washer*
## Footnote
Slide 14
51
What is the primary purpose of pipeline systems in medical settings?
A) To deliver flammable gases
B) To deliver non-flammable gases
C) To store medical equipment
D) To monitor patient vital signs
B) To deliver non-flammable gases
to anesthetizing locations and other pt care areas
*Air, O2, Nitrous*
## Footnote
Slide 15
52
Which components of the pipeline systems recieve and maintain an approximate pressure of 50 psi? (select 2)
A) Central supply
B) Piping
C) Terminal units
D) Gas cylinders
B) Piping *recieved at 50psi*
C) Terminal units *maintain 50psi*
## Footnote
Slide 15
53
Where can the central supply be located? (select 2)
A) Outdoors in an enclosure
B) The parking lot
C) Across the street from the hospital
D) In the patient's room
E) Indoors in a secure area
A) Outdoors in an enclosure
E) Indoors in a secure area
## Footnote
Slide 16
54
How many days of air tanks must a "bank" contain in central supply at minimum?
A) 1 day supply
B) 2 days supply
C) 3 days supply
D) 5 days supply
B) 2 days supply
## Footnote
Slide 16
55
Match the following components of the central supply system with their descriptions:
A) Primary bank
B) Secondary bank
C) Reserve supply
1. Backup supply.
2. Contains the main supply of gas.
3. Additional supply located in secondary location
A-2
B-1
C-3
## Footnote
Slide 16
56
Which cylinders are used for **gaseous** oxygen supply source?
A) A and B cylinders
B) C and D cylinders
C) G and H cylinders
D) K and L cylinders
C) G and H cylinders
## Footnote
Slide 17
57
How can **gaseous** oxygen supply be refilled?
A) Only on site
B) Only transported
C) On site or transported
D) Only by replacing the entire cylinder
C) On site or transported
## Footnote
Slide 17
58
What is a key advantage of **liquid** gas supply? Select 3
A) Harder to store
B) Less expensive
C) Requires more frequent refilling
D) No interruption to service
E) More expensive
F) More convenient to store
B) Less expensive
D) No interruption to service
F) More convenient to store
## Footnote
Slide 17
59
How is **liquid** supply typically refilled?
A) Manually
B) From a larger oxygen cylinder
C) Supply trucks
D) By swapping out the empy tank with a new one
C) Refilled by supply trucks
## Footnote
Slide 17
60
Matching
Main lines - B. Connect gas source to risers.
Risers - A. Vertical pipes connecting main line with branch lines on each level.
Branch lines - C. Sections supplying a room or group of rooms on one level of the facility.
| Terminal unit is the wall unit at the head of the bed in the OR, ICU, ER
## Footnote
Slide 18
61
Which of the following best describes the role of shut-off valves in a medical gas piping system?
A) To regulate the flow of gas throughout the entire system
B) To permit specific areas to be isolated
C) To increase the pressure of gas in the system
D) To permanently close off gas supply to the building
B) To permit specific areas to be isolated *for maintenance or issues*
62
Where are area alarm systems typically found?
A) Administrative offices
B) Critical life support areas
C) Storage rooms
D) Waiting areas
B) Critical life support areas
## Footnote
Slide 20
63
At what percentage deviation from normal line pressure does an area alarm system activate?
A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%
C) 20%
*Alarms if increases or decreases 20% from normal*
## Footnote
Slide 20
64
True or False:
Area alarm systems must be both audible and visible.
True
## Footnote
Slide 20
65
How must area alarm systems be labeled?
A) For the gas only
B) For the area only
C) For both the gas and area
D) No labeling is required
C) For both the gas and area
## Footnote
Slide 20
66
True or False:
Area alarm systems must alarm in at least three places.
False
Area alarm systems must alarm in **at least 2 places**
*Maintenance/engineering, the affected unit*
## Footnote
Slide 20
67
What is the primary function of **terminal** units in piped gas distribution systems?
A) To measure gas pressure
B) To connect and store gas
C) To connect and disconnect hoses
D) To regulate gas flow
C) To connect and disconnect hoses
## Footnote
Slide 21
68
What type of connections are used by terminal units?
A) Threaded connections only
B) Welded connections only
C) DISS
D) Permanent connections only
C)*Diameter Index Safety System (DISS)*
## Footnote
Slide 21
69
True or False:
The nipple and nut in terminal units do not vary in bore and diameter.
False
The nipple and nut in terminal units **vary** in bore and diameter. This helps prevent cross matching
## Footnote
Slide 21
70
What are key advantages of using quick connectors in a gas distribution system?
Select 2
A) They require specialized tools for connection
B) They allow connection with one or both hands without tools
C) They are permanently fixed in place
D) They are more convenient
B) They allow connection with one or both hands without tools
D) They are more convenient
## Footnote
Slide 22
71
What is a drawback of quick connectors compared to other types of connectors?
A) They are less convenient
B) They require more tools
C) They tend to leak more
D) They are more expensive
C) They tend to leak more
## Footnote
Slide 22
72
Which of the following is NOT an outlet type for gas distribution?
A) Wall
B) Floor-mounted
C) Ceiling-mounted
D) Ceiling column
B) Floor-mounted
Outlet types are Wall, Ceiling-mounted, Ceiling column
## Footnote
Slide 23
73
What is the primary function of a vaporizer in a medical setting?
A) To compress gases for anesthetic use
B) To change vapor to liquid anesthetic agent
C) To change liquid anesthetic agent to vapor
D) To store gases in liquid form
C) To change liquid anesthetic agent to vapor
## Footnote
Slide 25
74
What does a vaporizer add to the fresh gas flow in the breathing system?
A) Un-controlled amount of vapor
B) Controlled amount of vapor
C) Large amount of vapor
D) Small amount of vapor
B) Controlled amount of vapor
## Footnote
Slide 25
75
At what temperature do modern volatile anesthetics exist in a liquid state?
A) Below 0 degrees C
B) Below 10 degrees C
C) Below 20 degrees C
D) Below 30 degrees C
C) Below 20 degrees C
*(68 degrees F)*
## Footnote
Slide 26
76
What happens to the molecules of a volatile anesthetic in a closed container (vaporizer)?
A) They remain in the liquid state.
B) They escape to the solid phase
C) They escape to the vapor phase
D) They dissolve.
C) They escape to the **vapor phase** *depending on the characteristics of the liquid and temperature.*
## Footnote
Slide 26
77
Vapor molecules ________ the container walls creating ________ pressure.
A) bombarding/vapor
B) colliding with/decreased
C) escaping/decreased
D) bombarding/increased
A) bombarding/vapor
## Footnote
Slide 26
78
Saturated vapor pressure is achieved when equilibrium is reached between the liquid and vapor phases at a ________ temperature.
A) variable
B) constant
C) rising
D) decreasing
B) constant
## Footnote
Slide 27
79
Which factors does saturated vapor pressure depend on? Select 2
A) Atmospheric pressure
B) Characteristics of the liquid
C) Temperature of the liquid
D) Volume of the container
B) Characteristics of the liquid
C) Temperature of the liquid
## Footnote
Slide 27
80
Which statement about saturated vapor pressure is correct?
A) It is dependent on atmospheric pressure.
B) It decreases with atmospheric pressure.
C) It increases with atmospheric pressure.
D) It is independent of atmospheric pressure.
D) It is independent of atmospheric pressure
## Footnote
Slide 27
81
Partial pressure is:
A) Dependent on atmospheric pressure
B) Part of the total pressure of any one gas in a mixture
C) Part of the total pressure of all gases in a mixture
D) Independent of temperature
B) Part of the total pressure of any one gas in a mixture
***Depends on temperature**…not on atmospheric pressure*
## Footnote
Slide 28
82
According to Dalton’s law, the partial pressures of gases in a mixture:
A) Are subtracted from the total pressure
B) Sum up to the total pressure
C) Are independent of each other
D) Are greater than the total pressure
B) Sum up to the total pressure
## Footnote
Slide 28
83
Volumes percent is calculated by:
A) Dividing the total pressure by the partial pressure
B) Multiplying the partial pressure by the total pressure
C) Dividing the partial pressure by the total pressure
D) Subtracting the partial pressure from the total pressure
C) Dividing the partial pressure by the total pressure
*Concentration of a gas in a mixture expressed as a percentage*
| Partial pressure/total pressure = volumes percent
## Footnote
Slide 28
84
Matching
A) Halothane matches with 3) Fluothane and i) 243
B) Isoflurane matches with 4) Forane and iiI) 238
C) Desflurane matches with 1) Suprane and ii) 669
D) Sevoflurane matches with 2) Ultane and iv) 157
| ...remember the trade name...
## Footnote
Slide 29
85
What is the heat of vaporization?
A) The number of calories necessary to convert 1g of vapor into liquid
B) The number of calories necessary to convert 1ml of vapor into liquid
C) The number of calories necessary to convert 1g of liquid into vapor
D) The number of calories necessary to convert 1ml of vapor into gas
C) The number of calories necessary to convert 1g of *anesthetic* liquid into vapor
*As work gets done, calories are produced to move the liquid into vapor*
## Footnote
Slide 30
86
During Heat of vaporization, as carrier gas flows through the vaporizer, vapor molecules ________, this causes a temperature drop .
A) solidify
B) leave
C) condense
D) remain constant
B) leave
*As work gets done, calories are produced to move the liquid into vapor and the more **molecules escape**.*
## Footnote
Slide 30
87
# True or False
Energy (cal) is required to increase heat of vaporization to keep the vapor pressure high
True
*Output of vapor would go to zero if no heat of vaporization were created. Everything would stay in liquid state*
Explanation from Google:
As the temperature of a liquid decreases, the amount of heat needed for molecules to leave the liquid phase increases. This is because when a volatile anesthetic drug evaporates, the molecules with the highest kinetic energy leave the liquid, taking energy with them. This lowers the total energy of the remaining liquid, which reduces its temperature. This process is called evaporative cooling
## Footnote
Slide 30
88
What is the definition of **specific heat**?
A) The number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 2 degrees C
B) The number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1 mg of a substance by 1 degree C
C) The number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C
D) The number of calories required to lower the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C
C) The number of calories required to **raise** the **temperature** of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C
## Footnote
Slide 31
89
Which of the following statements are true about specific heat? **Select 2**
A) Higher the specific heat, the more heat is required to raise the temperature
B) Higher the specific heat, the less heat is required to raise the temperature
C) Water is the standard with a specific heat of 1 cal/g.
D) Water is the standard with a specific heat of 1ml/g
A) The higher the specific heat, the more heat is required to raise the temperature *of the substance.*
C) Water is the standard with a specific heat of 1 cal/g.
## Footnote
Slide31
90
Specific heat is considered when choosing material for a vaporizer to conserve ________ and limit ________ variations.
A) pressure, volume
B) heat, temperature
C) mass, density
D) energy, chemical
B) heat, temperature
## Footnote
Slide 31
91
Which material characteristics is important when choosing material for a vaporizer to minimize temperature variations? (select 2)
A) Low density
B) Low thermal conductivity
C) High specific heat
D) Low melting point
E) How much heat supplied
C) High specific heat
E) How much heat *must be* supplied
*This gives a stable supply of how much is in vapor and how much to send to the patient. Its a consistant amount with limiting vapor variation and conserving heat*
| .
## Footnote
Slide 31
92
What is thermal conductivity?
A) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance
B) The ability of a substance to store heat
C) The ability of a substance to resist heat flow
D) The speed at which heat flows through a substance
D) The **speed** at which heat flows through a substance
*The higher the thermal conductivity, the better the substance conducts heat*
## Footnote
Slide 32
93
How do metals with high thermal conductivity affect temperature swings during vaporization?
A) It increases temperature swings
B) It minimizes temperature swings
C) It has no effect on temperature swings
D) It makes temperature swings unpredictable
B) It minimizes temperature swings
## Footnote
Slide 32
94
Which metals have high thermal conductivity and are used to minimize temperature swings during vaporization?
A) Copper and Steel
B) Lead and Aluminum
C) Copper and Aluminum
D) Lead and Tin
C) Copper and Aluminum
## Footnote
Slide 32
95
Vaporizers are ________-calibrated and use a variable bypass design.
Options:
A) concentration
B) temperature
C) pressure
D) volume
A) concentration
*Variable bypass - can move the splitting ratio.*
## Footnote
Slide 33
96
Vaporizers are located between the ________ and the ________ in the gas flow system.
A) oxygen flush valve, flow meter
B) flow meter, common gas outlet
C) common gas outlet, temperature sensor
D) pressure gauge, flow meter
B) flow meter, common gas outlet
*Located between the flow meters and common gas outlet b/c has one one-way valves that prevent it from backflowing to keep the flow more consistent out of the vaporizer and FGF system*
## Footnote
Slide 33
97
Why should vaporizers not be placed past the common gas outlet?
A) They are calibrated for high flows of oxygen flush
B) They are not calibrated for high flows of oxygen flush
C) They are not calibrated and can block the gas flow
D) They are too large to fit past the common gas outlet
B) They are not calibrated for high flows of oxygen flush
*If you push the O2 flush button, this could radically increase the flow from the vaporizer.*
## Footnote
Slide 33
98
What is the primary function of a variable bypass vaporizer?
A) To measure the pressure of gases
B) To regulate the concentration of volatile from the common gas outlet
C) To regulate the concentration of volatile from the vaporizer
D) To regulate the heat the of the gases
C) To regulate the concentration of volatile from the vaporizer
## Footnote
Slide 34
99
In a variable bypass vaporizer, the gas flow is split into a ________ chamber and a ________.
Options:
A) cooling, bypass
B) heating, valve
C) vaporizing, bypass
D) condensing, chamber
C) vaporizing, bypass
## Footnote
Slide 34
100
The ratio in a variable bypass vaporizer depends on the size of the adjustable ________.
A) valve
B) chamber
C) bypass
D) orifice
D) orifice
*From the dial on the vaporizer*
"Splitting ratio"
## Footnote
slide 34
101
What is the newer method of regulating vapor concentration in variable bypass vaporizers?
A) Bubble-through
B) Flow-over
C) Spray-over
D) Condensation
B) Flow-over
*Baffles are saturated in liquid and the FGF can pick up more vapor from the surface and deliver high MAC*
*Bubble-through is older and in the liquid part of the vapor chamber they had mesh. The FGF flow went into liquid and bubbled through*
## Footnote
Slide34/35
102
# True or False
Temperature is a dependent variable of vapor pressure
True
*Kane - temperature is one of those dependent variables. The higher the temperature the higher the vapor pressure we get*
## Footnote
Slide 36
103
Which of the following statements are true about temperature compensation in vaporizers? Select 2
A) It manually adjusts the splitting ratio
B) Splitting ratio changes as temperature changes.
C) It automatically adjusts the splitting ratio.
D) It maintains a constant liquid volume.
B) Splitting ratio changes as temperature changes.
C) It automatically adjusts the splitting ratio
*Temperature sensing device inside the vaporizer- as the temp increases, there is more vapor in the chamber, then vapor pressure moves the temperature lever. That regulates the vapor pressure.*
## Footnote
Slide 36
104
Why is it unlikely to fill a vaporizer with an incorrect agent?
A) Vaporizers have universal filling systems.
B) Filling systems are agent specific.
C) Monitors are not required for detection.
D) Keys are not color-coded.
B) Filling systems are agent specific.
## Footnote
Slide 38
105
If an incorrect agent is used in a vaporizer, you should see the monitor detect ________ vapors.
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
B) two
*Measuring End-tidal gas - you should see it monitor both*
## Footnote
Slide 38
106
What feature acts as a failsafe to prevent incorrect filling of vaporizers?
A) Universal filling nozzle
B) Color coded bottles
C) Keyhole for vapor container
D) Pressure-sensitive valve
C) Keyhole for vapor container
*Kane - Failsafe is a keyhole shape for vapor container. Key is color coded for each different gas*
## Footnote
Slide 38 lecture
107
What should be done if the wrong liquid is put into a vaporizer?
A) Completely drain and discard all the liquid.
B) Add the correct liquid to dilute it.
C) Continue using the vaporizer until the liquid is used up.
D) Mix with another liquid to balance the concentration.
A) Completely drain and discard all the liquid.
*Kane - Run the FGF 12-15L, until no vapor is detected – completely dry it out*
## Footnote
Slide 38
108
What two gasses have similar vapor pressures that you could interchange vaporizer containers? Select 2
A) Fluothane
B) Forane
C) Suprane
D) Ultane
A) Fluothane - Halothane - 243
B) Forane - Isoflurane - 238
*Kane - You could pour Halothane into the Isoflurane vaporizer and you would be able to give the correct dose of MAC*
## Footnote
Slide 38
109
What is the typical/normal flow rate range for current variable-bypass vaporizers? (This will not give you a inconsistent flow rate)
A) 100ml/min to 5L/min
B) 250ml/min to 10L/min
C) 500ml/min to 15L/min
D) 1L/min to 20L/min
B) 250ml/min to 10L/min - unlikely to get inconsistent vaporizor flow rate
*Kane - technically anything lower or higher than this will give you an inconsistent rate from your vaporizer*
## Footnote
Slide 39
110
What happens to the vaporizer output at low fresh gas flow rates (<250ml/min)?
A) Output is greater than the setting
B) Output is not affected by flow rate
C) Output remains constant
D) Output is less than the flow rate
D) Output is less than the flow rate
## Footnote
Slide 39
111
At low fresh gas flow rates (<250ml/min), the vaporizer output is less than the setting due to high ________ of volatile preventing upward movement of molecules.
A) temperature
B) volume
C) density
D) pressure
C) density
*The FGF is too low to pick up vapor and deliver to patient*
## Footnote
Slide 39
112
At high flow rates (>15L/min), the vaporizer output is ________ than the setting. This causes failure to ________ the carrier gas.
A) greater, heat
B) less, saturate
C) constant, pressurize
D) unpredictable, cool
B) less, saturate
*This will give you less vaporizer delivered because the FGF is moving too fast and vapor can't be picked up*
## Footnote
Slide 39
113
The pumping effect in vaporizers is caused by intermittent back pressure from positive pressure ventilation and the ________.
A) flow meter
B) oxygen flush valve
C) temperature control
D) bypass valve
B) oxygen flush valve - **one of the easiest ways to crease this effect**
*Kane - pumping effect is backwards flow of the output from the vaporizer. It is an inhibition of forward flow and it is reversed*
*If this happens pt is not getting ventilated, oxygenated or the proper MAC dose of volatile - pt could wake up*
114
Which of the following can cause the pumping effect to be more pronounced? Select 3
A) Low flow rates
B) High flow rates
C) Low dial settings
D) High dial settings
E) Low levels of liquid in vaporizing chamber
F) High levels of liquid in vaporizing chamber
A) Low flow rates
C) Low dial settings
E) Low levels of liquid in vaporizing chamber
*Kane - Nowadays there are lots of one way check valves in the piping system or vaporizers that prevent this.*
## Footnote
Slide 40
115
Which of the following is a measure to attenuate (reduce) the pumping effect in vaporizers?
A) Increasing the size of vaporizing chambers
B) Using smaller vaporizing chambers
C) Removing baffle systems
D) Shortening the tube for the inlet of the vaporizing chamber
B) Using smaller vaporizing chambers
## Footnote
Slide 41
116
Which measures can attenuate the pumping effect in vaporizers? (select 2)
A) Larger vaporizing chambers
B) Baffle systems
C) Removing vaporizing chambers
D) Addition of check valve
E) Gaggle systems
B) Baffle systems
D) Addition of check valve
## Footnote
Slide 41
117
To attenuate the pumping effect, vaporizers can use longer ________ for the inlet of the vaporizing chamber.
A) baffles
B) chambers
C) valves
D) tubes
D) tubes
## Footnote
Slide 41
118
When FGF is greater than Vm (minute volume), which of the following are true? Select 2
A) Little to no rebreathing occurs.
B) Inspired concentration equals vaporizer setting.
C) Significant rebreathing occurs.
D) Inspired concentration is less than vaporizer setting.
E) Better for induction
A) Little to no rebreathing occurs.
B) Inspired concentration = vaporizer setting.
*Better for emergence! Not a bad thing*
## Footnote
Slide 42
119
When FGF is lower than Vm, why is that good for induction?
A) It reduces the inspired concentration
B) It eliminates rebreathing
C) It causes significant rebreathing
D) It maintains constant inspired concentration
C) It causes significant rebreathing
*Difference between vaporizer setting and inspired concentration*
## Footnote
Slide 42
120
What is the relationship between vapor pressure and barometric pressure?
A) Vapor pressure depends on barometric pressure
B) Vapor pressure is independent of barometric pressure
C) Vapor pressure is inversely proportional to barometric pressure
D) Vapor pressure is equal to barometric pressure
B) Vapor pressure is **independent** of barometric pressure
*Vaporizers are always calculated at SEA level*
## Footnote
Slide 43
121
What happens to the volume percentage of volatile in the vaporizer if altitude increases?
A) Decreases significantly
B) Becomes negligible
C) Remains the same
D) Increases significantly
D) Increases significantly
*Controversial d/t manufacturers calibrating to where the vaporizers are bought*
## Footnote
Slide 43
122
What are the effects of increased altitude on anesthetic depth? Select 2
A) Anesthetic depth is influenced by the partial pressure in the brain.
B) Anesthetic depth is influenced by the partial pressure in the blood.
C) Anesthetic depth is not affected by altitude.
D) Anesthetic depth is solely dependent on the volume percentage of the volatile.
E) Partial pressures of gases changes lesser
A) Anesthetic depth is influenced by the partial pressure in the brain.
E) Partial pressures of gases changes lesser
and Volumes % of volatile ↑ significantly in vaporizer
## Footnote
slide 43
123
Which of the following actions can lead to tipping of vaporizers and causing excessive liquid to enter the bypass chamber?
Select 3
A) Incorrect removal
B) Incorrect transportation
C) Incorrect filling
D) Incorrect replacement
E) High flow rates
F) Low flow rates
A) Incorrect removal
B) Incorrect transportation
D) Incorrect replacement
## Footnote
Slide 44
124
What is a potential consequence of excessive liquid entering the bypass chamber if you tip your vaporizer?
A) Low vapor output
B) Normal operation
C) Excessively high output
D) Decreased vapor concentration
C) Excessively high output
*Patient will get a higher amount of volatile*
## Footnote
Slide 44
125
# True or False
If you tip your vaporizer you can just turn it upsidedown and wipe it off.
FALSE
You will have to hook it up to high FGF and let it dry out completely
*Follow Manufactering instructions*
## Footnote
slide 44
126
Some Drager vaporizers have a ________ that isolates the vaporizer and bypass chamber to prevent issues related to tipping.
Options:
A) pressure sensor
B) temperature gauge
C) transport dial
D) flow meter
C) transport dial
127
What can happen if a vaporizer is overfilled?
A) Reduced vapor output from the vaporizer
B) Normal amount of anesthetic given to pt.
C) Excessive dose delivered to the patient
D) Decreased dose of anesthetic given to patient
C) Excessive dose delivered to the patient
Liquid can enter bypass chamber causing this
## Footnote
Slide 45
128
How do modern vaporizers prevent overfilling? Select 2
A) Automatic shutoff
B) Design with a max fill line
C) Temperature sensors
D) Pressure gauges
E) Overflow hole
B) Design with a max fill line *- to prevent overfilling*
E) Overflow hole
## Footnote
Slide 45
129
Which of the following can cause leaks in vaporizers? Select 3
A) Loose filler caps
B) Drain valves
C) Mounting bracket interface issues
D) High flow rates
E) Overflow hole
A) Loose filler caps -*also be careful not to cross thread when screwing on caps*
B) Drain valves
C) *Vaporizer*/Mounting bracket interface issues - *shouldn’t be able to lock it or turn on if it doesn’t seat properly on its mount or put it on the wrong mount.*
*Kane - Leaks are one of the bigger issues with vaporizers*
## Footnote
Slide 46
130
What are the indicators of a vaporizer leak? (select 2)
A) You smell vaporizer gas
B) Higher than expected inhaled concentration (Fi)
C) Lower than expected inhaled concentration (Fi)
D) Increased vapor output
E) You can hear the vaporizer leaking
A) You smell vaporizer gas - *Pungent Odor*
C) Lower than expected inhaled concentration (Fi) - *the MAC is lower than expected*
## Footnote
slide 46
131
What are the potential *consequences* of vaporizer leaks?
A) Patient awareness
B) Increased anesthetic depth
C) Decreased vapor output
D) Higher than expected inhaled concentration (Fi)
A) Patient awareness
## Footnote
Slide 46
132
What is the acceptable range for average concentrations of vaporizers relative to their setting?
A) +/- 10%
B) +/- 20%
C) +/- 30%
D) +/- 50%
B) +/- 20%
## Footnote
slide 47
133
How many vaporizers can gas pass through at a time according to vaporizer standards?
A) Two
B) Three
C) One
D) No limit
C) One
*Vaporizer interlock – can’t turn 2 on (part of machine check)*
## Footnote
Slide 47
134
Vaporizer standards require that the output of a vaporizer is less than ________% when it is turned off.
Options:
A) 0.1
B) 0.05
C) 0.5
D) 1
B) 0.05
## Footnote
Slide 47
135
In which direction do all control knobs on vaporizers turn?
A) Counterclockwise
B) Clockwise
C) Either direction
D) Upwards
A) Counterclockwise
## Footnote
Slide 47
136
What measures are included in vaporizer standards to ensure safety?
A) Vaporizer interlock to let more than one vaporizer from being turned on.
B) Maximum output of 0.07% when off.
C) Control knobs turn clockwise.
D) Display of filling levels.
D) Display of filling levels.
## Footnote
Slide 47
137
The ________ of the vaporizer and the "O" ring create the seal in detachable mounting standards.
A) Pressure
B) Temperature
C) Weight
D) Volume
E) Position
C) Weight
*Its pretty heavy*
## Footnote
Slide 48
138
Where is the locking lever located for mounting standards of vaporizers?
A) On the side
B) On the back
C) On the top
D) On the bottom
B) On the back *(front for cannisters)*
## Footnote
Slide 48
139
What are the advantages of having detachable mounting standards for vaporizers? Select 2
A) Easily removed and replaced
B) Permanent installation
C) Especially useful for MH
D) Increased difficulty in maintenance
A) Easily removed and replaced
C) Especially useful for MH
## Footnote
Slide 48
140
An interlock device in vaporizers prevents more than one ________ from being turned on at a time.
Options:
A) valve
B) vaporizer
C) control knob
D) pressure gauge
B) vaporizer
| *Its all about the valves seating or being compressed and released*
## Footnote
Slide 49
141
Back to work ya'll
