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Principles of Anesthesia 1 - (Summer 2024) > Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Upper Body (Revised copy of Andy C's cards) > Flashcards

Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Upper Body (Revised copy of Andy C's cards) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term “rostral” refer to in anatomical terminology?

A. The back
B. The side
C. The front
D. The bottom

A

C. The front

if it were a bird would be the front beak

2

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2
Q

What does the term “caudal” refer to in anatomical terminology?

A. The front
B. The side
C. The back
D. The top

A

C. The back

tail of bird

2

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3
Q

What does the term “cephalad” refer to in anatomical terminology?

A. The back
B. The bottom
C. The superior and anterior/front top
D. The side

A

C. The superior and anterior/front top

*Similar to rostral, superior and anterior *

2

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4
Q

What is the correct description of the anatomical position?

A. Facing backward, standing straight up, arms are supine, thumbs are extending medially
B. Facing forward, standing straight up, arms are supine, thumbs are extending laterally
C. Facing sideways, standing straight up, arms are relaxed, thumbs are extending medially
D. Facing forward, standing straight up, arms are pronated, thumbs are extending laterally

A

B. Facing forward, standing straight up, arms are supine, thumbs are extending laterally

2

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5
Q

What does the term “cutaneous” refer (Select 2)?

A. Muscular system
B. Skeletal system
C. Sensory and peripheral system
D. Circulatory system
E. They are involved in movement
F. They provide support to the body
G. They are sensory and can feel pain
H. They are involved in blood circulation

A

C. Sensory and peripheral system

G. They are sensory and can feel pain

2

The other conduction in the peripheral system will be Motor.

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6
Q

Nerves are __ in the __ .

A. Muscle fibers
B. Blood vessels
C. Bundles of neurons/axons
D. Cartilage cells
E. Central nervous system
F. Peripheral nervous system
G. Cardiovascular system
H. Digestive system

A

C. Bundles of neurons/axons

F. Peripheral nervous system

2

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7
Q

Tracts are __ in the __ .

A. Muscle fibers
B. Blood vessels
C. Bundles of neurons/axons
D. Cartilage cells
E. Central nervous system
F. Peripheral nervous system
G. Cardiovascular system
H. Digestive system

A

C. Bundles of neurons/axons

E. Central nervous system

2

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8
Q

Ganglia are __ in the __ .

A. Axons
B. Cell bodies
C. Muscle fibers
D. Blood vessels
E. Central nervous system
F. Peripheral nervous system
G. Cardiovascular system
H. Respiratory system

A

B. Cell bodies

F. Peripheral nervous system

2

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9
Q

Nuclei are __ in the __ .

A. Axons
B. Cell bodies
C. Muscle fibers
D. Blood vessels
E. Central nervous system
F. Peripheral nervous system
G. Cardiovascular system
H. Respiratory system

A

B. Cell bodies

E. Central nervous system

2

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10
Q

What do rootlets come together to form in the nervous system?

A. Ganglia
B. Root
C. Nerve
D. Synapse

A

B. Root

Anterior rootlets tend to unify at the point in which the individual bundle become one bundle which is referred to as the Anterior Root

Posterior rootlets come together, they are thought as the Posterior Root / Dorsal Root

2

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11
Q

What does the posterior root (dorsal root) contain?

A. Blood vessels
B. Muscle fibers
C. Spinal ganglia
D. Cartilage cells

A

C. Spinal ganglia

Schmidt: Odd term to call ganglia b/c it is still within the CNS but we’ll call it ganglia b/c it’s out in the peripheral parts of the CNS

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12
Q

What is formed at the junction of the posterior root and the anterior root?

A. Dorsal root ganglion
B. Spinal nerve
C. Peripheral nerve
D. Central nerve

A

B. Spinal nerve

3

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13
Q

At which anatomical location does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) begin?

A. At the brainstem
B. Where the spinal cord ends
C. At the spinal nerve
D. Within the dorsal root ganglion

A

C. At the spinal nerve

3

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14
Q

What type of output goes out from the front (anterior) of the spinal cord?

A. Sensory/Afferent output
B. Motor/Efferent output
C. Mixed sensory and motor output
D. Autonomic output

A

B. Motor/Efferent output

3

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15
Q

Which type of output comes out of the posterior part of the spinal cord?

A. Motor/Efferent output
B. Sensory/Afferent output
C. Mixed sensory and motor output
D. Autonomic output

A

B. Sensory/Afferent output

3

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16
Q

What characteristics are associated with the Posterior Ramus? (Select all that apply-2)

A. It projects toward the posterior side of the body
B. It carries motor signals to the muscles
C. It carries sensory information from the posterior side of the body
D. It originates from the anterior horn of the spinal cord

A

A. It projects toward the posterior side of the body

C. It carries sensory information from the posterior side of the body

3

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17
Q

What characteristics are associated with the Anterior Ramus? (Select all that apply-2)

A. Transmitting sensory information for the posterior side of the body
B. Providing motor output and sensory input
C. It projects anteriorly and laterally
D. It projects anteriorly and medially

A

B. Providing motor output and sensory input

C. It projects anteriorly and laterally

3

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18
Q

How does the size of the anterior ramus compare to the posterior ramus?

A. It is smaller than the posterior ramus
B. It is larger than the posterior ramus
C. It is the same size as the posterior ramus
D. Size varies depending on the location

A

B. It is larger than the posterior ramus

3

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19
Q

Which functions are performed by the anterior ramus in relation to the ANS? (Select all that apply-2)

A. Transmitting sensory information to the CNS
B. Providing motor output to muscles
C. Carrying branches of the ANS to the Sympathetic Ganglia
D. Connecting to the sympathetic chain via the rami communicans

A

C. Carrying branches of the ANS to the Sympathetic Ganglia

D. Connecting to the sympathetic chain via the rami communicans

3

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20
Q

Which structures are involved in the connection between the anterior ramus and the sympathetic chain? (Select all that apply-2)

A. Anterior root
B. Posterior root
C. Gray ramus communicans
D. White ramus communicans

A

C. Gray ramus communicans

D. White ramus communicans

3

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21
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Rootlets

3

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22
Q

Label 2

A
  • Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)

3

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23
Q

Label 3

A
  • Spinal Nerve

3

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24
Q

Label 4

A
  • Posterior Ramus

3

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25
Q

Label 5

A
  • Anterior Ramus

3

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26
Q

Label 6

A
  • Gray Ramus Communicans

3

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27
Q

Label 7

A
  • White Ramus Communicans

3

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28
Q

Label 8

A
  • Sympathetic ganglion

3

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29
Q

Label 9

A
  • Meningeal branch

3

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30
Q

Label 10

A
  • Anterior Root

3

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31
Q

Label 11

A
  • Anterior Rootlets

3

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32
Q

In the sacral portion of the spine, to which structure does the anterior ramus connect?

A. Clunial nerves
B. Sacral plexus
C. Sciatic nerve
D. Femoral nerve

A

B. Sacral plexus

Anterior ramus comes out the anterior sacral foramina and are larger in size (main branch)

4

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33
Q

In the sacral portion of the spine, to which structure does the posterior ramus connect?

A. Sacral plexus
B. Clunial nerves
C. Sciatic nerve
D. Femoral nerve

A

B. Clunial nerves

Posterior ramus comes out posterior sacral foramina

4

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34
Q

Where does the sympathetic ganglionic chain run in relation to the vertebral column (2)?

A. Vertically
B. Anteriorly
C. Posteriorly
D. Bilaterally

A

A. Vertically (up and down the vertebral column)
D. Bilaterally

5

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35
Q

Which roots are shown coming out of the cauda equina in the sacral portion of the spine?

A. Anterior and lateral roots
B. Posterior and lateral roots
C. Anterior and posterior roots
D. Superior and inferior roots

A

C. Anterior and posterior roots

also see the posterior root feeding into the spinal ganglia as well as the anterior root.
Anterior root connection is more distal than the posterior root

4

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36
Q

Which side of the sympathetic chain is usually more posterior and lateral?

A. Left side
B. Right side
C. Both sides are the same
D. Neither, it varies by individual

A

A. Left side

because we have the aorta present

5

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37
Q

Which components are part of the posterior ramus branches? (Select all that apply-2)

A. Medial branch
B. Lateral branch
C. Anterior branch
D. Superior branch

A

A. Medial branch
B. Lateral branch

▪ Medial Branch: stay midline and provide cutaneous info to the back in the medial area
▪ Lateral Branch: branch out more lateral

5

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38
Q

What is the pathway of the anterior ramus?

A. It stays midline and does not branch
B. It wraps all the way around the body from the spine to the sternum and then branches
C. It descends directly to the lower limbs
D. It only extends laterally without wrapping around

A

B. It wraps all the way around the body from the spine to the sternum and then branches

5

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39
Q

Which components are part of the anterior ramus branches? (Select all that apply-2)

A. Anterior cutaneous branches
B. Lateral cutaneous branches
C. Medial cutaneous branches
D. Posterior cutaneous branches

A

A. Anterior cutaneous branches
front midline portion of the chest

B. Lateral cutaneous branches
Lateral, around the chest to the back

5

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40
Q

Label 1

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch
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41
Q

Label 2

A
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch

5

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42
Q

Label 3

A

Anterior Ramus

5

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43
Q

Label 4

A
  • Meningeal Branch

5

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44
Q

Label 5

A
  • Medial Branch

5

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45
Q

Label 6

A
  • Lateral Branch

5

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46
Q

Label 7

A
  • Posterior Ramus

5

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47
Q

What is another name for the anterior ramus on each side of the body?

A) Sciatic nerve
B) Intercostal nerve
C) Femoral nerve
D) Radial nerve

A

B) Intercostal nerve

One intercostal nerve sandwiched in btw each rib and spinal nerve

6

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48
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Ramus

6

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49
Q

Label 2

A
  • Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)

6

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50
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch

6

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51
Q

Label 4

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch

6

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52
Q

Where are the intercostal nerves located?

A) On the superior side of the rib below them
B) On the inferior side of the rib above them
C) In the middle of the intercostal space
D) On the lateral side of the rib below them

A

B) On the inferior side of the rib above them

7

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53
Q

Which of the following describes the location of the subcostal nerves?

A) In the first and second ribs
B) Alongside the sternum
C) In the floating ribs at the bottom of the rib cage
D) At the top of the rib cage

A

C) In the floating ribs at the bottom of the rib cage

The bottom subcostal nerve is #12

7

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54
Q

Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.

A

Above

C1-C7 exits CNS ABOVE the vertebra

8

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55
Q

Spinal nerve C8 exits from (above/below) vertebrae C7.

A

Below

C8 exits BELOW C7 vertebrae (there is no C8 v)

8

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56
Q

What is the correct number of vertebrae and nerve pairs in the cervical spine?

A) 7 vertebrae and 8 nerve pairs
B) 7 vertebrae and 7 nerve pairs
C) 8 vertebrae and 8 nerve pairs
D) 6 vertebrae and 6 nerve pairs

A

A) 7 vertebrae and 8 nerve pairs

8

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57
Q

The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.

A

Below

All Thoracic spinal nerves exit below named vertebra continuing all the way down the spine

8

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58
Q

The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.

A

Below

8

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59
Q

Match the correct answer:

  1. Cervical Spinal Nerves
  2. Thoracic Spinal Nerves
  3. Lumbar Spinal Nerves
  4. Sacral Spinal Nerves
  5. Coccygeal Spinal Nerves

A. 1 pair
B. 5 pairs
C. 8 pairs
D. 12 pairs
31 pairs total

A

Cervical Spinal Nerves - C. 8 pairs
Thoracic Spinal Nerves - D. 12 pairs
Lumbar Spinal Nerves - B. 5 pairs
Sacral Spinal Nerves - B. 5 pairs
Coccygeal Spinal Nerves - A. 1 pair

8

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60
Q

What do the cervical spine (C spine) nerves provide information to?** (2)**

A) Legs and feet
B) Abdomen
C) Head
D) Most of the upper extremity

A

C) Head
D) Most of the upper extremity

9

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61
Q

The thoracic spine nerves are essential for the functioning of which parts of the body?

A) Head and neck
B) Upper extremity and torso
C) Lower back and feet
D) Abdomen

A

B) Upper extremity and torso

9

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62
Q

What do the lumbar and sacral nerves provide innervation to?

A) Head and neck
B) Torso
C) Everything below the upper extremity and torso
D) Upper extremity

A

C) Everything below the upper extremity and torso

Lower extremity

9

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63
Q

True or False

The sensory pathways in the spinal nerves are as clear-cut as depicted in anatomical pictures.

A

False

There is a large portion of overlap of the sensory pathways, so its not quite as clearcut as it is in the pictures.

9

64
Q

Label 1

A

Medial cutaneous branch

11

65
Q

Label 2

A

Lateral cutaneous branch

11

66
Q

Label 3

A

Superior clunial nerve

11

67
Q

Label 4

A

Middle clunial nerve

11

68
Q

Label 5

A

Supraclavicular nerve

11

69
Q

Label 6

A

Axillary nerve

11

70
Q

Label 7

A

Intercostal nerve (lateral cutaneous branch)

11

71
Q

Label 8

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

11

72
Q

What regions are innervated by the posterior rami as indicated by the gray shaded area in the image? (select 2)

a) Anterior cutaneous branches
b) Medial cutaneous branches
c) Lateral cutaneous branches
d) Posterior cutaneous branches

A

b) Medial cutaneous branches
c) Lateral cutaneous branches

11

73
Q

Which dermatome level corresponds to the nipple line?

a) T2
b) T4
c) T6
d) T8

A

b) T4

12

74
Q

What regions are innervated by the clunial nerves?

a) Upper back
b) Lower back and top of the buttocks
c) Anterior thigh
d) Lower limbs

A

b) Lower back and top of the buttocks

11

75
Q

Which dermatome level corresponds to the xiphoid process?

a) T4
b) T6
c) T8
d) T10

A

b) T6

12

76
Q

Which dermatome level corresponds to the umbilicus?

a) T6
b) T8
c) T10
d) T12

A

c) T10

12

77
Q

Which cervical spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the phrenic nerve?

a) C1, C2, C3
b) C2, C3, C4
c) C3, C4, C5
d) C4, C5, C6

A

c) C3, C4, C5

“C3,C4,C5, keep the diaphragm alive!”

13

78
Q

True or False

In general, a consequence of having a lesion to the spinal cord is loss of motor function below the level of injury

A

True

The phrenic nerve is an outlier because it innervates something much lower, typically the nerves innervate things at the same level

*L spine- lower leg motor

T spine- Chest injuries

13

79
Q

What is the relationship between motor output pathways and sensory pathways in nerves?

a) They are completely separate
b) They run parallel without interaction
c) Motor pathways are twisted around sensory pathways
d) Motor pathways are above sensory pathways

A

c) Motor pathways are twisted around sensory pathways

13

80
Q

How can we identify which nerve we are targeting without using ultrasound?

a) By visual inspection
b) By palpation
c) By applying an electrode and current
d) By using a stethoscope

A

c) By applying an electrode and current

If it’s a mixed nerve it will recruit the motor nerves in the area we are trying to block [resulting in contraction of the muscles]; This gives us an idea of where we are when we are trying to block

13

81
Q

True or False

The Nuchal (Occipital) nerves are named based on their function and location.

A

True

The name is derived from the nuchal ligament that sits in back of neck; The nuchal nerves are names for what they are and what they do.

14

82
Q

Where is the lesser occipital nerve positioned relative to the greater occipital nerve?

a) Above
b) Below
c) At the same level
d) Anterior to

A

b) Below

It is smaller than the Greater Occipital Nerve

14

83
Q

From which cervical spinal nerve does the Greater Occipital Nerve originate?

a) C1
b) C2
c) C3
d) C4

A

b) Spinal Nerve C2

Probably larger or on top of any other occipital nerve; It sits farther up on top of the head and also lies over the back of the head (occipital bone)

14

84
Q

From which cervical spinal nerve does the 3rd occipital nerve originate?

a) C1
b) C2
c) C3
d) C4

A

c) Spinal Nerve C3

Sits much lower than the other two occipital nerves

14

85
Q

What is the primary function of the supraclavicular nerve?

a) Motor innervation to the shoulder muscles
b) Sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder
c) Autonomic innervation to the shoulder glands
d) Blood supply to the clavicle

A

b) Sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder

14

86
Q

Which of the following are true about the suboccipital nerve? (2)

a) It originates from spinal nerve C1
b) It has a dermatome
c) It is purely a motor nerve
d) It provides sensory innervation to the neck muscles
e) It has branches that are on the bottom of the muscles in the neck

A

a) It originates from spinal nerve C1

c) It is purely a motor nerve

THERE IS NO DERMATOME C1 because C1 is purely a motor pathway ; Has a bunch of branches that are on top of the muscles in the neck

14

87
Q

Label 1

A

Lesser occipital nerve

14

88
Q

Label 2

A

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

14

89
Q

Label 3

A

Great auricular nerve

provides hearing

14

90
Q

Label 4

A
  • Greater occipital nerve (C2)

14

91
Q

Label 5

A

3rd Occipital Nerve

14

92
Q

Label 6

A

Supraclavicular Nerve

14

93
Q

Label 7

A

C5 Spinal Nerve of the Posterior Ramus

14

94
Q

Label 1

A

3rd occipital nerve

15

95
Q

Label 2

A

Greater occipital nerve

15

96
Q

Label 3

A

Lesser occipital nerve

15

97
Q

Label 4

A

Great auricular nerve

15

98
Q

Which of the following statements are true about the trapezius muscle? (3)

a) It is diamond-shaped.
b) It is important for ventilation.
c) It gets input from the “Accessory” cranial nerve .
d) It provides motor innervation to the diaphragm.
e) It originates from the lumbar vertebrae

A

a) It is diamond-shaped

b) It is important for ventilation

c) It gets input from the “Accessory” cranial nerve (CN XI)

16

99
Q

True or False

The accessory muscles are primarily involved in inhalation.

A

False
Accessory muscles of primarily exhalation down in the abdomen

  • Abdominal Muscles
  • External Oblique
  • Internal Oblique

16

100
Q

What is the primary function of the clunial nerves?

a) Motor innervation to the thigh muscles
b) Sensory innervation to the buttocks
c) Autonomic innervation to the pelvic organs
d) Motor innervation to the lower back muscles

A

b) Sensory innervation to the buttocks

16

101
Q

Label 1

A

Supraclavicular Nerve

17

102
Q

Label 2

A

Anterior Cutaneous branch

17

103
Q

Label 3

A

Lateral cutaneous branch

17

104
Q

Label 4

A

Intercostal nerve / anterior ramus

17

105
Q

Label 5

A

Iliohypogastric Nerve

17

106
Q

The dorsal part of the spinal cord is routed through the __________.

a) Anterior ramus
b) Posterior ramus
c) Ventral root
d) Dorsal root ganglion

A

b) Posterior Ramus

18

107
Q

Match the Cervical Nerves of Posterior Rami with its corresponding function or characteristic: (each have 2 answers)

Suboccipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
3rd occipital nerve

a) Innervates C2 dermatome
b) No C1 dermatome
c) Innervates intrinsic nuchal muscles
d) Innervates C3 dermatome

A
  1. Suboccipital nerve -
    b) No C1 dermatome (Sensory function),
    c) Innervates intrinsic nuchal muscles (Motor function)
  2. Greater occipital nerve -
    a) Innervates C2 dermatome (Sensory function),
    c) Innervates intrinsic nuchal muscles (Motor function)
  3. 3rd occipital nerve -
    d) Innervates C3 dermatome (Sensory function),
    c) Innervates intrinsic nuchal muscles (Motor function)

18-20

108
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve (C2,C3)
  • Transverse cervical nerve (C2,C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4)

A cervical plexus is a collection of nerves.

21

109
Q

Label 1

A

Lesser Occipital Nerve (C1)

21

110
Q

Label 2

A

Great Auricular Nerve (C2 and C3)

21

111
Q

Label 3

A

Tranverse Cervical Nerve (C2 and C3)

21

112
Q

Label 4

A

Supraclavicular Nerve (C3 and C4)

21

113
Q

Which of the following statements about the Lesser Occipital Nerve are true? (select 2)

a) It is a motor nerve.
b) It provides sensory innervation to the skin on the side of the head.
c) It originates from the C2 spinal nerve.
d) It innervates the muscles of the neck.

A

b) It provides sensory innervation to the skin on the side of the head.

c) It originates from the C2 spinal nerve.

25

114
Q

Match the following characteristics with the correct nerve: Greater auricular nerve (2)

a) Originates from C2-C3
b) Provides sensory innervation to the ear
c) Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the neck
d) Innervates the skin over the parotid gland

A

a) Originates from C2-C3
b) Provides sensory innervation to the ear

25

115
Q

Which of the following statements about the transverse cervical nerve are true? (select 2)

a) It originates from the C2 and C3 spinal nerves.
b) It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the anterior and medial neck.
c) It innervates the muscles of the neck.
d) It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the parotid gland.

A

a) It originates from the C2 and C3 spinal nerves.

b) It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the anterior and medial neck.

25

116
Q

Which of the following statements about the supraclavicular nerve are true? (select 2)

a) It originates from the C3 and C4 spinal nerves.
b) It provides sensory innervation over the top of the shoulder.
c) It innervates the muscles of the shoulder.
d) It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the parotid gland.

A

a) It originates from the C3 and C4 spinal nerves.

b) It provides sensory innervation over the top of the shoulder.

25

117
Q

Label the nerves of the cervical plexus 1-4.

A
  • 1: Lesser occipital nerve
  • 2: Great auricular nerve
  • 3: Transverse cervical nerve
  • 4: Supraclavicular nerve
118
Q

Label the nerve that best corresponds with 1-4.

A
  • 1: Transverse cervical nerve
  • 2: Lesser occipital nerve
  • 3: Great auricular nerve
  • 4 : Supraclavicular nerve
119
Q

What neck muscle does the phrenic nerve sit on?
A)anterior scalene muscle
B)middle scalene muscle
C)posterior scalene muscle
D)infrahyoid muscle

A

A) Anterior Scalene Muscle

rides next to middle scalene muscle

120
Q

What nerve is at risk for injury during neck surgery
A)brachial plexus
B)hypoglossal nerve
C)phrenic nerve
D)vagus nerve

A

C) phrenic nerve

121
Q

The supraclavicular nerve runs down to the _________ muscle
A)trapezius
B)superior medial deltoid
C)mastoid
D)middle scalene

A

B) superior medial deltoid

also lies in top of trapezius muscle

122
Q

Where are the connection points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? (select 3)
A)sternum
B)mastoid
C)deltoid
D)clavicle

A

A)Connection point on at the sternum
B)mastoid
D)Connection point on the clavicle

123
Q

What are the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus? (select 2)
A)C5-T1
B)anterior rami
C)C2-C8
D)posterior rami

A

A) Spinal Nerve C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
B)Anterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves

Typically the further away you get from the central nervous system, the smaller the nerves are; Motor and Sensory pathways are present here; Blood vessels can be utilized as land marks

124
Q

What is the potential space that the Brachial plexus runs in between the anterior and middle scalene muscle called?
A)interclavicular space
B)Ramus space
C)vertebral space
D)interscalene space

A

D) Interscalene space
* This space can be utilized to perform a scalene brachial plexus block

125
Q

What are the upper trunks of the brachial plexus?
A)Rami C5, C6
B)Rami C7
C)Rami C8, T1
D)Rami C4, C5

A

A)Upper: Rami C5 and C6

126
Q

What are the middle trunks of the brachial plexus?
A)Rami C5, C6
B)Rami C7
C)Rami C8, T1
D)Rami C4, C5

A

B)Middle: Rami C7

127
Q

What are the lower trunks of the brachial plexus?
A)Rami C5, C6
B)Rami C7
C)Rami C8, T1
D)Rami C4, C5

A

C)Lower: Rami C8 and T1

128
Q

Where does the 2 anterior divisions of the lateral cord brachial plexus originate from
A)C5-C7
B)C8-T1
C)C4-C6
D)C5-C8

A

A) C5-C7

129
Q

Where does the 1 anterior division from the medial cord of the brachial plexus originate from
A)C5-C7
B)C6-C8
C)C8-T1
D)C4-C5

A

C)C8-T1

130
Q

True/False
Each of the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus divides into anterior and posterior divisions

A

true

131
Q

What components are in the supraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus? (select 3)
A)anterior Rami (C5-T1)
B)4 divisions
C)Upper, Middle, Lower trunks
D)6 divisions
E)posterior rami

A

A )Anterior Rami (C5-T1)
C )The Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower)
D) The Divisions (6 divisions)

132
Q

What components are in the infraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus? (select 3)
A)lateral cord
B)anterior cord
C)posterior cord
D)medial cord

A

*A)Lateral Cord
*C) Posterior Cord
*D) Medial Cord

133
Q

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus splits to give us what two nerves? (select 2
A) supraclavicular nerve
B)axillary nerve
C)radial nerve
D) ulnar nerve

A

B) Axillary nerve
C) Radial nerve

134
Q

The lateral cord splits to give us what two nerves?(select 2)
A)musculocutaneous nerve
B)radial nerve
C)axillary nerve
D)Lateral Root (a portion of the median nerve)

A

A) Musculocutaneous nerve
D)Lateral Root (a portion of the median nerve)

135
Q

true/ false
Musculocutaneous nerve is difficult to block

A

true
due to being small and how it passes through the Brachial plexus

136
Q

The lateral root will combine with the median root to form what nerve?
A)radial nerve
B)median nerve
C)axillary nerve
D) posterior nerve

A

B) Median Nerve

137
Q

what is the terminal branch of the lateral root
A)lateral nerve
B)median nerve
C)radial nerve
D)ulnar nerve

A

B)median nerve

138
Q

The medial cord splits to give us what two nerves? (select 2)
A)axillary nerve
B) lateral root
C)Ulnar nerve
D)median root

A

C) Ulnar Nerve
D)Median Root (a portion of the median nerve)

139
Q

true/false
the ulnar nerve runs just lateral to the ulnar bone

A

false
ulnar nerve runs MEDIAL to ulnar bone

140
Q

True/False
radial nerve runs lateral to radius bone

A

true

141
Q

What two nerves does the median nerve sit between? (select 2)
A)lateral nerve
B)ulnar nerve
C)radial nerve
D)posterior nerve

A

B) Ulnar Nerve
C) Radial Nerve

142
Q

Where does the the musculocutaneous nerve pass through

A

Brachial plexus
makes it difficult to block

143
Q

The axillary nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
A)C5, C6
B)C4,C5
C)C6,C7
D)C4, C6

A

A) C5, C6

144
Q

The radial nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
A)C4-C6
B)C5-C8
C)C5-T1
D)C5-C7

A

C) C5- T1

145
Q

the medial nerve has what cervical origins
A)C4-C7
B)C5-C7
C)C6-T1
D)C5-T1

A

C) C6-T1

146
Q

The ulnar nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
A)C6-C8
B)C5-C7
C)C4-T1
D)C7-T1

A

D) C7- T1

147
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
A)C6-T1
B)C7-T1
C)C5-C7
D)C5-C8

A

C) C5- C7

148
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the axillary nerve?
A)superior deltoid
B)medial deltoid
C)lateral deltoid
D)anterior deltoid

A

C) Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (lateral deltoid)

149
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates? (select 2)
A)lateral superior thumb
B)lateral anterior biceps/tricpes
C)lateral deltoid
D)last 2 fingers

A

A) Lateral Superior Thumb
B) Lateral Anterior Biceps/Triceps

150
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates? (select 3)
A)palm of hand
B)lateral posterior triceps
C)middle posterior forearm
D)posterior thumb and first 2 finger

A

B) Lateral Posterior Triceps
C) Middle Posterior Forearm
D) Posterior Thumb and First 2 Fingers

151
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
A)ulnar
B)deltoid
C)radial
D)anterior lateral forearm

A

D)Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (anterior lateral forearm)

152
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates? (select 2)
A)medial palmer surface of last 2 fingers
B)medial palmer surface of first 2 fingers
C)anterior medial wrist
D)anterior forearm

A

A)Medial palmer surface of last two fingers (pinky and half of index finger, palm)
C) Anterior medial wrist

153
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates? (select 2)
A) first 2 fingers
B) lateral posterior wrist
C)medial posterior wrist
D) most of the last 2 fingers

A

C) Medial Posterior Wrist
D) Most of the last 2 Fingers (pinky through part of middle finger)

154
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates? (select 2)
A)posterior fingertips of first two digits
B) proper palmar digital nerve
C) posterior medial hand
D)posterior forearm

A

A)Posterior fingertips of first two digits
B) Proper palmar digital nerves

155
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?
A)most of palm
B)anterior thumb
C)anterior surface of first two fingers
D)smaller section of the anterior wrist
E)palmer branch of the median nerve
F) common and proper palmer digital nerve
G) all of the above

A

G) all of the above

Principles of Anesthesia 1 - (Summer 2024) (24 decks)

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