Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 3 (Revised copy of Andy C's cards) Flashcards
Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in. (YouTube video and chart)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAFaTaavmO8&ab_channel=UTSWneurology
Select all that apply to cranial nerves that are primarily motor (Skeletal muscles). Select 5
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducent
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
- III: Oculomotor
- IV: Trochlear
- VI: Abducent
- XI: Accessory
- XII: Hypoglossal
Occasionally
Tigers
Act
Aggressively
Hunting
Slide 3
Select all that apply to cranial nerves that are purely sensory. (Specialized signal transduction) Select 3
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducent
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
Correct Answers:
- I: Olfactory
- II: Optic
- VIII: Vestibulocochlear
Owls
Only
Visualize
Slide 3
Which cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique muscle of the eye?
A) II: Optic
B) III: Oculomotor
C) IV: Trochlear
D) VI: Abducent
C) IV: Trochlear
* Eyeball up and down
Slide 5
How many muscles control the eyeballs?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
C. 6 muscles
Which cranial nerve innervates 4 of the 6 muscles of the eyeball?
A) II: Optic
B) III: Oculomotor
C) IV: Trochlear
D) VI: Abducent
B Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor
The cranial nerve that provides innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye is the ______ and it controls the movement of the eyeball ______.
A) II: Optic, up and down
B) IV: Trochlear, side to side
C) VI: Abducent, side to side
D) III: Oculomotor, up and down
C) VI: Abducent, side to side
Pulls the eye ball towards the lateral fields
Slide 5
Select all the muscles that the Oculomotor (III) nerve innervates in the eye. Select 4
A) Superior Rectus
B) Lateral Rectus
C) Medial Rectus
D) Superior Oblique
E) Inferior Rectus
F) Inferior Oblique
G) Lateral Oblique
A) Superior Rectus
C) Medial Rectus
E) Inferior Rectus
F) Inferior Oblique
Slide 6
Select all the muscles that the cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) provides motor innervation to at the top of the sternum. Select 2
A) Sternocleidomastoid
B) Trapezius
C) Deltoid
D) Pectoralis Major
E) Latissimus Dorsi
F) Rhomboid Major
A) Sternocleidomastoid,
B) Trapezius - diamond shaped muscle in the back
Slide 7
The cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) provides motor innervation to the ______ and ______.
A) Tongue, Soft palate
B) Floor of mouth, Esophagus
C) Tongue, Floor of mouth
D) Pharynx, Larynx
C) Tongue, Floor of mouth
Slide 7
Select all the true statements about the olfactory nerve (CN I).
Select 3
A) It is a mixed nerve.
B) It helps us smell.
C) It is located in the olfactory bulb near the frontal cortex.
D) It provides motor innervation to the nasal cavity.
E) It is a pure sensory nerve.
F) It is located in the Prepiriform area
B) It helps us smell.
C) It is located in the olfactory bulb near the frontal cortex.
E) It is a pure sensory nerve.
Slide 8
The ____________contains second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the __________.
A) Optic Chiasm, Nasal Cavity
B) Olfactory Bulb, Nasal Cavity
C) Trigeminal Ganglion, Oral Cavity
D) Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord
B) Olfactory Bulb, Nasal Cavity
Slide 9
True or False
We can connect memories with our sense of smell
True
*JS - CN I is near the frontal cortex and signals can be combined with memories with the olfactory signals, we can connect those memories with the sense of smell. *
Where is the optic nerve (CN II) attached?
A) To the olfactory bulb
B) To the cochlea
C) To the back of our eyeballs
D) To the auditory canal
C) To the back of our eyeballs
Slide 10
What types of cells are found in the retinas that the optic nerve (CN II) connects to?
A) Hair cells
B) Rods and cones
C) Olfactory receptors
D) Taste buds
B) Rods and cones
Slide 10
Where does the crossover of sensory information from the optic nerves occur?
A) At the auditory cortex
B) At the optic chiasm
C) At the olfactory bulb
D) At the cerebellum
B) At the optic chiasm
JS - not all information crosses over, some does, some does not.
Slide 10
How is information from the right optic nerve processed in the brain?
A) It is processed by the right side of the brain.
B) It is processed by the left side of the brain.
C) It is processed by both sides of the brain equally.
D) It is processed by the cerebellum.
B) It is processed by the left side of the brain.
Slide 10
What is another term for the back of the brain/occipital lobe?
A) Auditory Cortex
B) Visual Cortex
C) Somatosensory Cortex
D) Motor Cortex
B) Visual Cortex
Slide 10
The vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII) is made up of which two parts?
A) Auditory system and visual system
B) Vestibular system and cochlear system
C) Olfactory system and gustatory system
D) Somatosensory system and motor system
B) Vestibular system and cochlear system
Slide 11
What is the function of the vestibular system?
A) Vision and hearing
B) Balance and rotational acceleration
C) Smell and taste
D) Touch and pressure
B) Balance and rotational acceleration
Slide 11
How many loops make up the vestibular system, and in which planes of the body are they located?
A) Two loops in the coronal, horizontal and vertical planes
B) Three loops in the coronal, horizontal, and sagittal planes
C) Four loops in the axial, horizontal and transverse planes
D) Three loops in the frontal, horizontal and saggital
B) Three loops in the coronal, horizontal, and sagittal planes
slide 11
What does the cochlear system connect with in the ear?
A) Oval window
B) Ear drum
C) Round window
D) Vestibular apparatus
B) Ear drum (tympanic membrane)
Slide 11
What role does the cochlear system play in hearing?
A) It detects balance and movement.
B) It converts vibrations from the tympanic membrane into signals.
C) It converts vibrations from the vestibular membrane into signals.
D) It regulates taste and smell.
B) It converts vibrations from the tympanic membrane into signals.
Slide 11
What are the three bones connected to the tympanic membrane that makes up the Cochlea?
A) Malleus, Incus, Stapes
B) Malleus, Hammer, Anvil
C) Hammer, Stirrup, Anvil
D) Incus, Stapes, Cochlea
A) Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Slide 12
In which part of the brain do the auditory pathways ultimately end for sound interpretation?
A) Occipital cortex
B) Frontal cortex
C) Parietal cortex
D) Auditory cortex
D) Auditory cortex
Slide12
Which lobe of the brain contains the auditory cortex where sounds are interpreted?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Occipital lobe
C) Temporal lobe
Slide 12
Which of the following cranial nerves are considered mixed nerves, providing both sensory and motor functions?
A) II: Optic, III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear, VI: Abducent
B) V: Trigeminal, VII: Facial, IX: Glossopharyngeal, X: Vagus
C) I: Olfactory, II: Optic, VIII: Vestibulocochlear
D) III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear, VI: Abducent, XII: Hypoglossal
B) V: Trigeminal, VII: Facial, IX: Glossopharyngeal, X: Vagus
The
Fat
Green
Veggies
Which mixed cranial nerve is responsible for sensory input from the front of the head and motor for chewing?
A) VII: Facial
B) IX: Glossopharyngeal
C) X: Vagus
D) V: Trigeminal
D) V: Trigeminal
Slide 13
The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) are:
A) V1: Ophthalmic, V2: Maxillary, V3: Mandibular
B) V1: Maxillary, V2: Mandibular, V3: Lingual
C) V1: Mandibular, V2: Lingual, V3: Ophthalmic
D) V1: Lingual, V2: Maxillary, V3: Mandibular
A) V1: Ophthalmic superior
V2: Maxillary straight ahead
V3: Mandibular inferior or dropping down
Oh
My
Mandible
Slide 15
Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory information from the top of the head?
A) V1: Ophthalmic
B) V2: Maxillary
C) V3: Mandibular
D) V4: Lingual
A) V1: Ophthalmic
What are the primary sensory nerves of the V1 ophthalmic sensory division? Select 2
A. Supraorbital Nerve
B. Supratrochlear Nerve
C. Infraorbital Nerve
D. Nasociliary Nerve
E. Lacrimal Nerve
F. Mental Nerve
A. Supraorbital Nerve (branched to the top of the skull/forehead, above the eye socket )
B. Supratrochlear Nerve (branched to the top or bridge of the nose)
Slide 17
Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory information to the roof of the mouth, middle of the face, including the nose?
A) V1: Ophthalmic
B) V2: Maxillary
C) V3: Mandibular
D) V4: Lingual
B) V2: Maxillary
Slide 18
What are the primary sensory nerves of the V2 maxillary sensory division? Select 2
A. Infraorbital Nerve
B. Nasociliary Nerve
C. Supraorbital Nerve
D. Supratrochlear Nerve
E. Palatine Nerve
A. Infraorbital Nerve (front middle of the face and nose)
E. Palatine Nerve (roof of the mouth)
Slide 18
What is the little hole that the palatine nerve uses to get to the front of the face from the inside of the nose to the outside of the nose?
A. Greater palatine foramen
B. Infraorbital foramen
C. Supraorbital foramen
D. Incisive foramen
B. Infraorbital foramen
Located in the Nasopharynx
Slide 18
The division of the trigeminal nerve that innervates the lower part of the mouth and jaw is:
A) V1: Ophthalmic
B) V2: Maxillary
C) V3: Mandibular
D) V4: Lingual
C) V3: Mandibular
Slide 20
What are the primary sensory nerves of the V3 mandibular sensory division? Select 3
A. Inferior Alveolar Nerve
B. Mental Nerve
C. Supraorbital Nerve
D. Lingual Nerve
E. Infraorbital Nerve
F. Supratrochlear Nerve
A. Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Most of the Jaw)
B. Mental Nerve (Chin)
D. Lingual Nerve (Anterior sensory of 2/3 of tongue)
Slide 20
What does the Inferior Alveolar Nerve become when it passes through the mental foramen?
A. Infraorbital Nerve
B. Supraorbital Nerve
C. Mental Nerve
D. Lingual Nerve
C. Mental Nerve
Slide 20
What is the relative size of the Lingual Nerve compared to other nerves in the V3 division?
A. Large
B. Medium
C. Small
D. Very Large
C. Small
Slide 20
Which nerve is located close to where the Lingual Nerve exits?
A. Infraorbital Nerve
B. Inferior Alveolar Nerve
C. Supraorbital Nerve
D. Mental Nerve
B. Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Slide 20
Select all the head sensory nerves belonging to CN’s: V1-V3. Select 4
A) Supratrochlear n.
B) Maxillary n.
C) Infraorbital n.
D) Mental n.
E) Supraorbital n.
F) Mandibular n.
G) Infratrochlear n.
H) Zygomatic n.
C) Infraorbital n.
D) Mental n.
E) Supraorbital n.
G) Infratrochlear n.
Slide 21
What are the two primary muscles involved in chewing and moving the jaw up and down?
Select 2
A. Masseter
B. Platysma
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Orbicularis Oris
E. Temporalis Muscle
A. Masseter,
E. Temporalis Muscle
Slide 21
Which cranial nerve provides motor input to the vast majority of the face?
A. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
B. Facial Nerve (CN VII)
C. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
D. Vagus Nerve (CN X)
B. Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Slide 22
Which function related to communication is primarily facilitated by the Facial Nerve (CN VII)?
A. Chewing food
B. Facial expressions
C. Sighing
D. Blinking
B. Facial expressions
Slide 22
Which glands does the Facial Nerve (CN VII) have connections with? Select 3
A. Lacrimal gland
B. Parotid gland
C. Submandibular gland
D. Sublingual gland
E. Nasal glands
A. Lacrimal gland
C. Submandibular gland
D. Sublingual gland
Slide 24
The glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX) provides sensory input to the auditory canal and the ______________
A) Outer ear
B) Inner/middle ear
C) Tympanic membrane
D) External auditory canal
B) Inner and middle ear
Possibly pressure/pain sensors, can feel pain going through the inner/middle ear and relayed to the central nervous system through the glossopharyngeal nerve
Slide 25
The cranial nerve that provides sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is ______.
A) Cranial Nerve V
B) Cranial Nerve VII
C) Cranial Nerve IX
D) Cranial Nerve X
C) Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
follows the pathway in the back of the mouth
Also innervates the tonsils in the same area
Slide 25
Which of the following functions is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)?
A) Motor control of the masseter muscle
B) Sensory innervation to the oropharynx of the soft palate
C) Taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
D) Sensory innervation to the nasopharynx of the soft palate
B) Sensory innervation to the oropharynx of the soft palate
Slide 25
Which of the following structures is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)? Select 2
A) Chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
B) Chemoreceptors in the carotid body
C) Baroreceptors in the aortic arch
D) Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus
B) Chemoreceptors in the carotid body
D) Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus
Helps transmit signals with pressure sensors and blood gas sensors in the bifurcation of the carotid artery
Slide 25
Which gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)?
A) Submandibular gland
B) Sublingual gland
C) Parotid gland
D) Lacrimal gland
C) Parotid gland big gland on the side of the face
** Only gland in the face connected to CN IX. All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)*
Slide 27
Select all the muscles that are controlled by the efferent (motor) functions of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). Select 2
A) Laryngeal muscles
B) Pharyngeal constrictors
C) Facial muscles
D) Extraocular muscles
E) Muscles of mastication
A) Laryngeal muscles - speak
B) Pharyngeal constrictor
Slide 28
Select all the effects of parasympathetic (PSNS) innervation provided by the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).
Select 3
A) Decreases heart rate
B) Increases heart rate
C) Increases motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
D) Decreases motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
E) Bronchoconstriction in the lungs/airways
F) Bronchodilation in the lungs/airways
A) Decreases heart rate
C) Increases motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
E) Bronchoconstriction in the lungs/airways
Slide 28
Select all the structures that receive sensory innervation from the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). Select 5
A) Laryngopharynx
B) Nasopharynx
C) Larynx
D) Epiglottis
E) Trachea
F) Aortic arch
G) Carotid body
A) Laryngopharynx - bottom part in the back of the mouth
C) Larynx
D) Epiglottis - vagus nerve sensory
E) Trachea
F) Aortic arch - sends signals up to the brain stem for the BP and acid/base balance
Slide 28
What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?
- 1: Pharyngeal Nerve
- 2: Superior Laryngeal
Slide 29
Select all the correct divisions of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).
Select 2
A) Internal Laryngeal Branch
B) External Laryngeal Branch
C) Recurrent Laryngeal Branch
D) Inferior Laryngeal Branch
A) Internal Laryngeal Branch
B) External Laryngeal Branch
Slide 29
What is true about the external laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).
A) Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
B) Provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords
C) Provides motor function to the pharyngeal constrictors
D) Provides sensory innervation to the larynx below the vocal cords
A) Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
Slide 29
Select all the correct statements about the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).
A) Provides sensory innervation to the top of the larynx
B) Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle
C) Provides sensory innervation below the larynx
D) Provides sensory innervation behind the larynx
A) Provides sensory innervation to the top of the larynx
Slide 29
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around which structure?
A) Aortic arch
B) Right subclavian artery
C) Left pulmonary artery
D) Right carotid artery
B) Right subclavian artery
Slide 29
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure?
A) Aortic arch
B) Right subclavian artery
C) Left pulmonary artery
D) Right carotid artery
A. Aortic arch
Slide 29
After the vagus nerve becomes the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it ascends towards the larynx and becomes which of the following nerves?
A) Superior laryngeal nerve
B) Inferior laryngeal nerve
C) Internal laryngeal nerve
D) External laryngeal nerve
B) Inferior laryngeal nerve
these are primarily motor pathways that help us with our speech. They also help with some sensory in the trachea and bronchi as well
Slide 29
Select the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve.
A) Endoneurium
B) Perineurium
C) Outer Epineurium
D) Exoneurium
C) Outer Epineurium
This protects the nerve and makes a good space for local to be injected under
Slide 31
Select all the correct statements about the inner (interior) epineurium.
Select 2
A) It is the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve.
B) It consists of chunks of epineurium connective tissue that wrap around interior nerve fascicles.
C) It takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles.
D) It is the most interior fibrous covering of a nerve.
B) It consists of chunks of epineurium connective tissue that wrap around interior nerve fascicles.
C) It takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles.
Picture of a generic peripheral nerve.. and then it splits in two
Slide 32
Select the connective tissue that creates a border between what is in the nerve fascicle and what is outside the fascicle.
A) Endoneurium
B) Perineurium
C) Outer Epineurium
D) Interior Epineurium
B) Perineurium
Slide 32
Select the connective tissue that is found inside the perineurium.
A) Endoneurium
B) Outer Epineurium
C) Interior Epineurium
D) Exoneurium
A) Endoneurium
Inside the fascicle
Slide 32
Select all the components found within a nerve fascicle.
Select 2
A) Axons
B) Endoneurium
C) Perineurium
D) Epineurium
A) Axons
B) Endoneurium
Slide 32
The ______, located above the clavicle, serves as a starting point for ______ when using ultrasound for brachial plexus blocks.
A) supraclavicular fossa, high neck blocks
B) infraclavicular region, intravenous injections
C) subclavian vein, placing central venous catheters
D) deltoid muscle, lower limb blocks
A) supraclavicular fossa, high neck blocks
