Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 3 (Revised copy of Andy C's cards) Flashcards by Kaitlyn McDow

Name all twelve cranial nerves in order and name what category they fall in. (YouTube video and chart)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAFaTaavmO8&ab_channel=UTSWneurology

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Select all that apply to cranial nerves that are primarily motor (Skeletal muscles). Select 5

I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducent
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal

III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
VI: Abducent
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal

Occasionally
Tigers
Act
Aggressively
Hunting

Slide 3

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Select all that apply to cranial nerves that are purely sensory. (Specialized signal transduction) Select 3

I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducent
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus
XI: Accessory
XII: Hypoglossal
Correct Answers:

I: Olfactory
II: Optic
VIII: Vestibulocochlear

Owls
Only
Visualize

Slide 3

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Which cranial nerve provides innervation to the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

A) II: Optic
B) III: Oculomotor
C) IV: Trochlear
D) VI: Abducent

C) IV: Trochlear
* Eyeball up and down

Slide 5

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How many muscles control the eyeballs?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

C. 6 muscles

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Which cranial nerve innervates 4 of the 6 muscles of the eyeball?
A) II: Optic
B) III: Oculomotor
C) IV: Trochlear
D) VI: Abducent

B Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor

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The cranial nerve that provides innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye is the ______ and it controls the movement of the eyeball ______.

A) II: Optic, up and down
B) IV: Trochlear, side to side
C) VI: Abducent, side to side
D) III: Oculomotor, up and down

C) VI: Abducent, side to side
Pulls the eye ball towards the lateral fields

Slide 5

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Select all the muscles that the Oculomotor (III) nerve innervates in the eye. Select 4

A) Superior Rectus
B) Lateral Rectus
C) Medial Rectus
D) Superior Oblique
E) Inferior Rectus
F) Inferior Oblique
G) Lateral Oblique

A) Superior Rectus
C) Medial Rectus
E) Inferior Rectus
F) Inferior Oblique

Slide 6

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Select all the muscles that the cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve) provides motor innervation to at the top of the sternum. Select 2

A) Sternocleidomastoid
B) Trapezius
C) Deltoid
D) Pectoralis Major
E) Latissimus Dorsi
F) Rhomboid Major

A) Sternocleidomastoid,
B) Trapezius - diamond shaped muscle in the back

Slide 7

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The cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) provides motor innervation to the ______ and ______.

A) Tongue, Soft palate
B) Floor of mouth, Esophagus
C) Tongue, Floor of mouth
D) Pharynx, Larynx

C) Tongue, Floor of mouth

Slide 7

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Select all the true statements about the olfactory nerve (CN I).
Select 3

A) It is a mixed nerve.
B) It helps us smell.
C) It is located in the olfactory bulb near the frontal cortex.
D) It provides motor innervation to the nasal cavity.
E) It is a pure sensory nerve.
F) It is located in the Prepiriform area

B) It helps us smell.
C) It is located in the olfactory bulb near the frontal cortex.
E) It is a pure sensory nerve.

Slide 8

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The ____________contains second-order sensory neurons that descend through the cribriform plate and into the __________.

A) Optic Chiasm, Nasal Cavity
B) Olfactory Bulb, Nasal Cavity
C) Trigeminal Ganglion, Oral Cavity
D) Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord

B) Olfactory Bulb, Nasal Cavity

Slide 9

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True or False

We can connect memories with our sense of smell

True
*JS - CN I is near the frontal cortex and signals can be combined with memories with the olfactory signals, we can connect those memories with the sense of smell. *

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Where is the optic nerve (CN II) attached?

A) To the olfactory bulb
B) To the cochlea
C) To the back of our eyeballs
D) To the auditory canal

C) To the back of our eyeballs

Slide 10

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What types of cells are found in the retinas that the optic nerve (CN II) connects to?

A) Hair cells
B) Rods and cones
C) Olfactory receptors
D) Taste buds

B) Rods and cones

Slide 10

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Where does the crossover of sensory information from the optic nerves occur?

A) At the auditory cortex
B) At the optic chiasm
C) At the olfactory bulb
D) At the cerebellum

B) At the optic chiasm

JS - not all information crosses over, some does, some does not.

Slide 10

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How is information from the right optic nerve processed in the brain?

A) It is processed by the right side of the brain.
B) It is processed by the left side of the brain.
C) It is processed by both sides of the brain equally.
D) It is processed by the cerebellum.

B) It is processed by the left side of the brain.

Slide 10

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What is another term for the back of the brain/occipital lobe?

A) Auditory Cortex
B) Visual Cortex
C) Somatosensory Cortex
D) Motor Cortex

B) Visual Cortex

Slide 10

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The vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII) is made up of which two parts?

A) Auditory system and visual system
B) Vestibular system and cochlear system
C) Olfactory system and gustatory system
D) Somatosensory system and motor system

B) Vestibular system and cochlear system

Slide 11

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What is the function of the vestibular system?

A) Vision and hearing
B) Balance and rotational acceleration
C) Smell and taste
D) Touch and pressure

B) Balance and rotational acceleration

Slide 11

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How many loops make up the vestibular system, and in which planes of the body are they located?

A) Two loops in the coronal, horizontal and vertical planes
B) Three loops in the coronal, horizontal, and sagittal planes
C) Four loops in the axial, horizontal and transverse planes
D) Three loops in the frontal, horizontal and saggital

B) Three loops in the coronal, horizontal, and sagittal planes

slide 11

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What does the cochlear system connect with in the ear?

A) Oval window
B) Ear drum
C) Round window
D) Vestibular apparatus

B) Ear drum (tympanic membrane)

Slide 11

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What role does the cochlear system play in hearing?

A) It detects balance and movement.
B) It converts vibrations from the tympanic membrane into signals.
C) It converts vibrations from the vestibular membrane into signals.
D) It regulates taste and smell.

B) It converts vibrations from the tympanic membrane into signals.

Slide 11

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What are the three bones connected to the tympanic membrane that makes up the Cochlea?

A) Malleus, Incus, Stapes
B) Malleus, Hammer, Anvil
C) Hammer, Stirrup, Anvil
D) Incus, Stapes, Cochlea

A) Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Slide 12

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In which part of the brain do the auditory pathways ultimately end for sound interpretation? A) Occipital cortex B) Frontal cortex C) Parietal cortex D) Auditory cortex

D) Auditory cortex ## Footnote Slide12

Which lobe of the brain contains the auditory cortex where sounds are interpreted? A) Frontal lobe B) Parietal lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Occipital lobe

C) Temporal lobe ## Footnote Slide 12

Which of the following cranial nerves are considered **mixed nerves**, providing both sensory and motor functions? A) II: Optic, III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear, VI: Abducent B) V: Trigeminal, VII: Facial, IX: Glossopharyngeal, X: Vagus C) I: Olfactory, II: Optic, VIII: Vestibulocochlear D) III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear, VI: Abducent, XII: Hypoglossal

B) V: Trigeminal, VII: Facial, IX: Glossopharyngeal, X: Vagus **T**he **F**at **G**reen **V**eggies

Which **mixed** cranial nerve is responsible for sensory input from the front of the head and motor for chewing? A) VII: Facial B) IX: Glossopharyngeal C) X: Vagus D) V: Trigeminal

D) V: Trigeminal ## Footnote Slide 13

The three *divisions* of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) are: A) V1: Ophthalmic, V2: Maxillary, V3: Mandibular B) V1: Maxillary, V2: Mandibular, V3: Lingual C) V1: Mandibular, V2: Lingual, V3: Ophthalmic D) V1: Lingual, V2: Maxillary, V3: Mandibular

A) V1: Ophthalmic *superior* V2: Maxillary *straight ahead* V3: Mandibular *inferior or dropping down* **O**h **M**y **M**andible ## Footnote Slide 15

Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory information from the top of the head? A) V1: Ophthalmic B) V2: Maxillary C) V3: Mandibular D) V4: Lingual

A) V1: Ophthalmic

What are the primary sensory nerves of the V1 ophthalmic sensory division? Select 2 A. Supraorbital Nerve B. Supratrochlear Nerve C. Infraorbital Nerve D. Nasociliary Nerve E. Lacrimal Nerve F. Mental Nerve

A. Supraorbital Nerve (branched to the top of the skull/forehead, above the eye socket ) B. Supratrochlear Nerve (branched to the top or bridge of the nose) ## Footnote Slide 17

Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory information to the roof of the mouth, middle of the face, including the nose? A) V1: Ophthalmic B) V2: Maxillary C) V3: Mandibular D) V4: Lingual

B) V2: Maxillary ## Footnote Slide 18

What are the primary sensory nerves of the V2 maxillary sensory division? Select 2 A. Infraorbital Nerve B. Nasociliary Nerve C. Supraorbital Nerve D. Supratrochlear Nerve E. Palatine Nerve

A. Infraorbital Nerve (front middle of the face and nose) E. Palatine Nerve (roof of the mouth) ## Footnote Slide 18

What is the little hole that the palatine nerve uses to get to the front of the face from the inside of the nose to the outside of the nose? A. Greater palatine foramen B. Infraorbital foramen C. Supraorbital foramen D. Incisive foramen

B. Infraorbital foramen *Located in the Nasopharynx* ## Footnote Slide 18

The division of the trigeminal nerve that innervates the lower part of the mouth and jaw is: A) V1: Ophthalmic B) V2: Maxillary C) V3: Mandibular D) V4: Lingual

C) V3: Mandibular ## Footnote Slide 20

What are the primary sensory nerves of the V3 mandibular sensory division? Select 3 A. Inferior Alveolar Nerve B. Mental Nerve C. Supraorbital Nerve D. Lingual Nerve E. Infraorbital Nerve F. Supratrochlear Nerve

A. Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Most of the Jaw) B. Mental Nerve (Chin) D. Lingual Nerve (Anterior sensory of 2/3 of tongue) ## Footnote Slide 20

What does the Inferior Alveolar Nerve become when it passes through the mental foramen? A. Infraorbital Nerve B. Supraorbital Nerve C. Mental Nerve D. Lingual Nerve

C. Mental Nerve ## Footnote Slide 20

What is the relative size of the Lingual Nerve compared to other nerves in the V3 division? A. Large B. Medium C. Small D. Very Large

C. Small ## Footnote Slide 20

Which nerve is located close to where the Lingual Nerve exits? A. Infraorbital Nerve B. Inferior Alveolar Nerve C. Supraorbital Nerve D. Mental Nerve

B. Inferior Alveolar Nerve ## Footnote Slide 20

Select all the head sensory nerves belonging to CN’s: V1-V3. Select 4 A) Supratrochlear n. B) Maxillary n. C) Infraorbital n. D) Mental n. E) Supraorbital n. F) Mandibular n. G) Infratrochlear n. H) Zygomatic n.

C) Infraorbital n. D) Mental n. E) Supraorbital n. G) Infratrochlear n. ## Footnote Slide 21

What are the two primary muscles involved in chewing and moving the jaw up and down? Select 2 A. Masseter B. Platysma C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Orbicularis Oris E. Temporalis Muscle

A. Masseter, E. Temporalis Muscle ## Footnote Slide 21

Which cranial nerve provides motor input to the vast majority of the face? A. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) B. Facial Nerve (CN VII) C. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) D. Vagus Nerve (CN X)

B. Facial Nerve (CN VII) ## Footnote Slide 22

Which function related to communication is primarily facilitated by the Facial Nerve (CN VII)? A. Chewing food B. Facial expressions C. Sighing D. Blinking

B. Facial expressions ## Footnote Slide 22

Which glands does the Facial Nerve (CN VII) have connections with? Select 3 A. Lacrimal gland B. Parotid gland C. Submandibular gland D. Sublingual gland E. Nasal glands

A. Lacrimal gland C. Submandibular gland D. Sublingual gland ## Footnote Slide 24

The glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX) provides sensory input to the auditory canal and the ______________ A) Outer ear B) Inner/middle ear C) Tympanic membrane D) External auditory canal

B) Inner and middle ear *Possibly pressure/pain sensors, can feel pain going through the inner/middle ear and relayed to the central nervous system through the glossopharyngeal nerve* ## Footnote Slide 25

The cranial nerve that provides sensation to the posterior **1/3** of the tongue is ______. A) Cranial Nerve V B) Cranial Nerve VII C) Cranial Nerve IX D) Cranial Nerve X

C) Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) *follows the pathway in the back of the mouth* Also innervates the tonsils in the same area ## Footnote Slide 25

Which of the following functions is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)? A) Motor control of the masseter muscle B) Sensory innervation to the oropharynx of the soft palate C) Taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue D) Sensory innervation to the nasopharynx of the soft palate

B) Sensory innervation to the oropharynx of the soft palate ## Footnote Slide 25

Which of the following structures is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)? Select 2 A) Chemoreceptors in the aortic arch B) Chemoreceptors in the carotid body C) Baroreceptors in the aortic arch D) Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus

B) Chemoreceptors in the carotid body D) Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus *Helps transmit signals with pressure sensors and blood gas sensors in the bifurcation of the carotid artery* ## Footnote Slide 25

Which gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)? A) Submandibular gland B) Sublingual gland C) Parotid gland D) Lacrimal gland

C) Parotid gland *big gland on the side of the face* ** Only gland in the face connected to *CN IX.* All other glands are connected to the CN VII (Facial Nerve)* ## Footnote Slide 27

Select all the muscles that are controlled by the efferent (motor) functions of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). Select 2 A) Laryngeal muscles B) Pharyngeal constrictors C) Facial muscles D) Extraocular muscles E) Muscles of mastication

A) Laryngeal muscles - speak B) Pharyngeal constrictor ## Footnote Slide 28

Select all the effects of parasympathetic **(PSNS)** innervation provided by the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). Select 3 A) Decreases heart rate B) Increases heart rate C) Increases motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract D) Decreases motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract E) Bronchoconstriction in the lungs/airways F) Bronchodilation in the lungs/airways

A) Decreases heart rate C) Increases motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract E) Bronchoconstriction in the lungs/airways ## Footnote Slide 28

Select all the structures that receive sensory innervation from the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). Select 5 A) Laryngopharynx B) Nasopharynx C) Larynx D) Epiglottis E) Trachea F) Aortic arch G) Carotid body

A) Laryngopharynx - bottom part in the back of the mouth C) Larynx D) Epiglottis - vagus nerve sensory E) Trachea F) Aortic arch - sends signals up to the brain stem for the BP and acid/base balance ## Footnote Slide 28

What is Branch #1 and Branch #2?

* 1: Pharyngeal Nerve * 2: Superior Laryngeal ## Footnote Slide 29

Select all the correct divisions of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). Select 2 A) Internal Laryngeal Branch B) External Laryngeal Branch C) Recurrent Laryngeal Branch D) Inferior Laryngeal Branch

A) Internal Laryngeal Branch B) External Laryngeal Branch ## Footnote Slide 29

What is true about the external laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). A) Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle B) Provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords C) Provides motor function to the pharyngeal constrictors D) Provides sensory innervation to the larynx below the vocal cords

A) Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle ## Footnote Slide 29

Select all the correct statements about the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X). A) Provides sensory innervation to the top of the larynx B) Provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle C) Provides sensory innervation below the larynx D) Provides sensory innervation behind the larynx

A) Provides sensory innervation to the top of the larynx ## Footnote Slide 29

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around which structure? A) Aortic arch B) Right subclavian artery C) Left pulmonary artery D) Right carotid artery

B) Right subclavian artery ## Footnote Slide 29

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what structure? A) Aortic arch B) Right subclavian artery C) Left pulmonary artery D) Right carotid artery

A. Aortic arch ## Footnote Slide 29

After the vagus nerve becomes the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it ascends towards the larynx and becomes which of the following nerves? A) Superior laryngeal nerve B) Inferior laryngeal nerve C) Internal laryngeal nerve D) External laryngeal nerve

B) Inferior laryngeal nerve *these are primarily motor pathways that help us with our speech. They also help with some sensory in the trachea and bronchi as well* ## Footnote Slide 29

Select the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve. A) Endoneurium B) Perineurium C) Outer Epineurium D) Exoneurium

C) Outer Epineurium *This protects the nerve and makes a good space for local to be injected under* ## Footnote Slide 31

Select all the correct statements about the **inner (interior)** epineurium. Select 2 A) It is the most exterior fibrous covering of a nerve. B) It consists of chunks of epineurium connective tissue that wrap around interior nerve fascicles. C) It takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles. D) It is the most interior fibrous covering of a nerve.

B) It consists of chunks of epineurium connective tissue that wrap around interior nerve fascicles. C) It takes up space and provides nutrient support for the nerve fascicles. | Picture of a generic peripheral nerve.. and then it splits in two ## Footnote Slide 32

Select the connective tissue that creates a border between what is in the nerve fascicle and what is outside the fascicle. A) Endoneurium B) Perineurium C) Outer Epineurium D) Interior Epineurium

B) Perineurium ## Footnote Slide 32

Select the connective tissue that is found inside the perineurium. A) Endoneurium B) Outer Epineurium C) Interior Epineurium D) Exoneurium

A) Endoneurium | Inside the fascicle ## Footnote Slide 32

Select all the components found *within* a nerve fascicle. Select 2 A) Axons B) Endoneurium C) Perineurium D) Epineurium

A) Axons B) Endoneurium ## Footnote Slide 32

The ______, located above the clavicle, serves as a starting point for ______ when using ultrasound for brachial plexus blocks. A) supraclavicular fossa, high neck blocks B) infraclavicular region, intravenous injections C) subclavian vein, placing central venous catheters D) deltoid muscle, lower limb blocks

A) supraclavicular fossa, high neck blocks