Clinical Monitoring Part 2 (Ericksen) Exam 1 Flashcards
Which of the following analyzers are used for gas mixture analysis? (Select all that apply - 4)
A. Side-stream analyzer
B. Mainstream analyzer
C. Diverting analyzer
D. Non-diverting analyzer
E. Carbon dioxide analyzer
A. Side-stream analyzer
B. Mainstream analyzer
C. Diverting analyzer
D. Non-diverting analyzer
side stream - diverting
main stream - non-diverting
slide 48
In which type of analyzer is gas brought to the analyzer rather than the analyzer being brought to the gas?
A. Mainstream analyzer
B. Non-diverting analyzer
C. Side-stream analyzer
D. Direct analyzer
C. Side-stream analyzer
slide 48
Which type of analyzer is positioned directly in the airway for gas mixture analysis?
A. Side-stream analyzer
B. Mainstream analyzer
C. Diverting analyzer
D. Indirect analyzer
B. Mainstream analyzer
slide 48
Which factors affect the transit time in a side-stream analyzer? (Select all that apply - 3)
A. Inner diameter of the sampling tubing
B. Length of the sampling tubing
C. Patient’s heart rate
D. Analyzing machine’s power
E. Gas sampling rate
A. Inner diameter of the sampling tubing
B. Length of the sampling tubing
E. Gas sampling rate
slide 48
A fuel cell oxygen analyzer is an example of which type of analyzer?
A. Side-stream analyzer
B. Diverting analyzer
C. Mainstream analyzer
D. Indirect analyzer
C. Mainstream analyzer
slide 48
Which statements are true about rise time in a gas analyzer? (Select all that apply - 3)
A. It is the time taken by the analyzer to react to changes in gas concentration.
B. It is instantaneous in a side-stream analyzer.
C. It can fluctuate when reading ETCO2.
D. It depends on how much gas is being read and drawn out by the sampling line.
E. It remains constant regardless of patient exhalation.
A. It is the time taken by the analyzer to react to changes in gas concentration
C. It can fluctuate when reading ETCO2
D. It depends on how much gas is being read and drawn out by the sampling line
slide 48
What does transit time refer to in the context of gas sampling?
A. The time taken by the patient to exhale completely
B. The time lag for the gas sample to reach the analyzer
C. The time taken by the analyzer to react to changes in gas concentration
D. The time taken to switch between different gas samples
B. The time lag for the gas sample to reach the analyzer
slide 48
What is rise time in the context of gas analysis?
A. The time lag for the gas sample to reach the analyzer
B. The time taken by the analyzer to react to changes in gas concentration
C. The time taken for the gas analyzer to warm up
D. The time taken by the patient to inhale
B. The time taken by the analyzer to react to changes in gas concentration
slide 48
What will happen to the rise time and transit time if a patient is not exhaling properly?
A. Both rise time and transit time will increase
B. Both rise time and transit time will decrease
C. Rise time will increase and transit time will decrease
D. Rise time will decrease and transit time will increase
A. Both rise time and transit time will increase
slide 48
Which of the following are potential issues with mainstream ETCO2 sampling?
Select all that apply: 3
A) Water vapor condensation in airway tubing
B) Faster breath-by-breath analysis
C) Secretions clogging the sampling line
D) Additional interfaces for disconnections
E) Reduced chance of condensation in sampling line
A) Water vapor condensation in airway tubing
C) Secretions clogging the sampling line
D) Additional interfaces for disconnections
slide 49
What is one of the benefits of mainstream ETCO2 sampling sites?
A) Reduced condensation in the sampling line
B) Faster breath-by-breath analysis
C) Fewer disconnections
D) Easier to manage secretions
B) Faster breath-by-breath analysis
slide 49
Which of the following connections can contribute to disconnections in mainstream ETCO2 monitoring?
A) Sampling line to the vapor analyzer
B) Elbow to the y-piece
C) Mainstream analyzer to the monitor
D) Endotracheal tube to the ventilator
B) Elbow to the y-piece
slide 49
Which of the following are potential issues with side-stream ETCO2 sampling?
Select all that apply: 4
A) Kinking of sampling tubing
B) Water vapor condensation
C) Faster response time
D) Failure of sampling pump
E) Leaks in the line
A) Kinking of sampling tubing
B) Water vapor condensation
D) Failure of sampling pump
E) Leaks in the line
slide 49
Which of the following factors can lead to leaks in the side-stream ETCO2 sampling line?
Select all that apply: 3
A) Overtightening the connection
B) Reusing the line multiple times
C) Faster breath-by-breath analysis
D) Water vapor condensation
E) Kinking of sampling tubing
A) Overtightening the connection
B) Reusing the line multiple times
E) Kinking of sampling tubing
slide 49
What is a common problem when the sampling pump fails in side-stream ETCO2 monitoring?
A) Slow response time
B) No waveform at all
C) Enhanced accuracy of ETCO2 measurements
D) Increased waveform amplitude
B) No waveform at all
slide 49
What is a disadvantage of side-stream ETCO2 monitoring compared to mainstream?
A) Increased likelihood of condensation
B) Faster response time
C) Fewer interfaces for disconnections
D) Slow response time
D) Slow response time
slide 49
According to Dalton’s Law, which of the following statements are true?
A) The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is less than the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
B) The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
C) Each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure independently.
D) At sea level, the total pressure of all anesthetic gases in the system is 760 mm Hg.
E) The partial pressure of a gas is always expressed in volumes %.
B) The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas
slide 50
How can gases be expressed in measurement units?
Select all that apply: 2
A) Partial pressure (mm Hg)
B) Density (g/L)
C) Volumes %
D) Molarity (mol/L)
E) Weight percent
A) Partial pressure (mm Hg)
C) Volumes %
slide 50
If the partial pressure of oxygen (O2) in room air is 160 mm Hg, what is its volume percent?
A) 16%
B) 21%
C) 25%
D) 50%
B) 21%
slide 50
Which of the following statements about mass spectrometry are true?
Select all that apply: 3
A) Concentration is determined according to the mass/charge ratio.
B) It measures the volume percent of gases directly.
C) Abundance of ions at specific mass/charge ratios is related to the fractional composition of the gas mixture.
D) It can identify and calculate up to eight different gases in a sample.
E) It is currently the primary method used, replacing infrared technology.
A) Concentration is determined according to the mass/charge ratio.
C) Abundance of ions at specific mass/charge ratios is related to the fractional composition of the gas mixture.
D) It can identify and calculate up to eight different gases in a sample.
slide 51
Which of the following are characteristics of Raman Spectroscopy?
Select all that apply: 2
A) It uses a highly powered argon laser.
B) It measures gas concentrations using infrared technology.
C) Scattered photons are measured in a spectrum to identify each gas.
D) It determines concentration based on mass/charge ratios.
E) It is used to identify gases like Sevo, O2, and Nitrous.
A) It uses a highly powered argon laser.
C) Scattered photons are measured in a spectrum to identify each gas.
slide 51
What does mass spectrometry measure to determine the concentration of gases?
A) Volume percent
B) Mass/charge ratio
C) Scattered photons
D) Infrared absorption
B) Mass/charge ratio
slide 51
What technology is now commonly used instead of mass spectrometry for analyzing gas samples?
A) Raman Spectroscopy
B) Mass/charge spectrometry
C) Infrared technology
D) Electron microscopy
C) Infrared technology
slide 52
Which of the following statements about non-dispersive infrared analyzers are true?
Select all that apply: 3
A) They measure the concentration of gases by absorbing energy from a narrow band of IR wavelengths.
B) They can measure the concentration of O2.
C) They are used to measure CO2, nitrous oxide, water, and volatile anesthetic gases.
D) O2 does not absorb IR radiation and cannot be measured by this method.
E) They use a wide-band pass filter to transmit IR light.
A) They measure the concentration of gases by absorbing energy from a narrow band of IR wavelengths.
C) They are used to measure CO2, nitrous oxide, water, and volatile anesthetic gases.
D) O2 does not absorb IR radiation and cannot be measured by this method.
slide 52 & 53