Fluid, Electrolyte, pH (Lab Practical) Flashcards
Process in maintaining our body fluids in order for our body to function well.
Homeostasis
What is the internal environment of the body:
body fluids: physical and chemical properties
Properties of fluids:
temperature, blood pH, blood sugar, water balance, blood pressure, ion balance
The fluid component of the body includes:
solids, fluids
The majority of the body’s mass is:
fluids
Fluids include:
intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, blood
Body fluid compartments:
intracellular, extracellular
Total Body Water component is about:
42L
2/3 body fluid is ____ the cells.
inside
What separates the different types of fluids?
membranes
What separates the ICF from ECF?
cell membrane
What separates interstitial fluid from blood plasma?
wall of blood vessels (mainly capillaries)
Membranes carry out the function of:
selective permeability
Term for ability to control and regulate the movement of substances from one area to another:
selective permeability
First space:
intravascular space (in blood)
Second space:
interstitial space
Third space:
fluid in pleural cavity, peritoneal, pleural, thoracic cavity (not normal–do not want fluids to build up in these cavities)
Chief component of all body fluids:
water
Water is essential in maintaining:
form and texture of tissue, maintaining body heat, transport medium for vitamins, enzymes, electrolytes, hormones, etc.
What is the default because of what we need to do to maintain homeostasis?
dehydration
Water loss mainly occurs in the:
kidneys (have to get rid of metabolic wastes)
Water loss from the kidneys, lungs, skin, GI tract, is called:
obligatory water loss
Water loss occurs in the (from least to greatest in volume):
GI tract, lungs, skin, kidneys
Water gains rely on triggering a ____ to offset water loss. This behavior then requires a _____.
behavior; reflex
Water loss is countered by _____.
water gain
Water gain occurs with the _____ and ____.
digestive tract (ingested foods and liquids), metabolic water
Water manufactured through metabolic processes:
metabolic water
Water is gained through what metabolic process:
cellular respiration
Water gained from the food we eat is called:
preformed water
To prevent dehydration the body relies on:
triggering a behavior (such as getting a glass of water or eating food)
To activate a behavior it requires a:
reflex
Parts of a reflex (for dehydration)
stimulus (dehydration), receptor (detects change), hypothalamus, motor response (behavior)
osmoreceptors
detect that fluid levels are low
Control center in hypothalamus (for dehydration):
thirst center
fluid levels are usually measured in ____ (broad term)
concentration
Mass to volume relationship:
concentration
When you over or under hydrate you change ____.
the concentration of the fluid
What are the ions related to acids and bases:
H+ and OH-
Term for a substance which when dissolved into water produces hydrogen ions:
acid
Term for any substance which when dissolved into water produces hydroxide ions (OH-):
base
When you maintain acid-base balance, you are also maintaining (another term):
pH
Normal blood pH:
7.35-7.45
blood below 7.35 on pH
acidosis (acid)
blood above 7.45 on pH
alkalosis (base)
Blood is slightly:
basic
What disrupts blood pH?
eating, metabolic wastes
Protective features in body to help maintain pH at its optimal level by addition or removal of hydrogen ions:
buffers
Two types of buffer systems:
chemical buffer system and physiological buffer system
First line of defense against pH shift:
chemical buffer system
Second line of defense against pH shift:
physiological buffers
Physiological buffers include:
body systems: respiratory and renal
Chemical buffers include:
Carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system, hemoglobin buffer system
Primary ECF buffer:
carbonic acid: bicarbonate buffer system
Primary ICF buffer:
protein buffer system
Primary buffer in blood:
hemoglobin buffer system (carbonic acid: bicarbonate system)
Important urinary buffer (kidneys and cytoplasm of body cells)
phosphate buffer system
(2nd line of defense) Lungs maintain pH by:
exhalation (must be volatile acid)
Volatile acid goes from:
liquid to gas instantaneously
Examples of volatile acid:
alcohol, acetic acid (diabetic in ketoacidosis), acetone (made in liver)
If lungs can’t get rid of acid they get rid of more ____ as a substitute:
CO2 = acid
By increasing respiration you get rid of more _____.
CO2
3rd line of pH control (and main pH controlling organism):
kidneys (renal regulation)
Kidneys remove acid through ____ and generate _____to neutralize acid (H+):
urine; bicarbonate ions
Main pH control is regulated by:
kidneys/renal regulation
