Fluid Balance And Electrolytes Flashcards
Calcitonin
Tones down calcium
Works to control calcium and potassium levels by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts that break down bone
(When they break down bone, calcium enters the blood stream)
Calcium acetate
Strong calcium to lower phosphorus
Used to control high levels of phosphorus in the blood in people with kidney disease and on dialysis
(Phosphorus binder)
Magnesium oxide
Increase magnesium
Mineral supplement used to prevent/ treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood
Polystyrene sulfonate
Binds to potassium and bowel and causes diarrhea
Used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood
Binds itself to potassium in the digestive tract to help prevent the body from absorbing too much potassium
Alendronate
Prevent burn breakdown to maintain calcium
Can treat/ prevent osteoporosis And pagers disease of the bone keeping blood calcium levels under control
Furosemide
Potassium wasting diuretics, May need a potassium supplement
Sodium the absorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of henle and proximal/distal tubules that causes fluid loss along with electrolytes loss
Very potent diuretic and used when patient has an exacerbation of fluid overload
Strong diuretic “water pill” causing increased urinating
Spironolactone
Potassium sparing diuretic
Prevents body from absorbing too much salt and keeps potassium levels from getting too low
May need to limit potassium foods to prevent high levels
Normal saline
Doesn’t change electrolyte balance just used to maintain
Contains sodium and chloride so it replenishes lost fluid and prevents or corrects some types of electrolyte imbalance
Used to treat dehydration, metabolic alkalosis in presence of fluid loss, and mild sodium depletion
Isotonic
A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells in the blood
“Stay where I put it”
Equal to the blood
Hypotonic solution
A solution that contain fewer dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes)
Commonly given to in order to treat or avoid dehydration
“get Out the vessel” go into the cell
Less than 0.9%
Less particles, more fluid
Hypertonic solution
A solution that contains more dissolved particles ( such as salt and electrolytes) than is found in the blood or normal cells
“Enter the vessel”
Greater than 0.9%
More particles, less fluid
1/2 normal saline
Hypotonic in the body
Interstitial, intercellular
Replace water in hypovolemia
Ringer lactate
Isotonic
Intravascular
Used with electrolytes imbalance
0.45% saline
Intercellular and interstitial
Hypotonic in body
D5W
Hypotonic in the body
Goes to the cells and interstitial
0.9% saline
Intravascular
Isotonic
D5 0.9% saline
Intravascular
Isotonic in the body
What time are you reason with a nurse administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously
For the treatment of Metabolic acidosis (this solution is basic)
Are usually only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when underlying causes are diarrhea, vomiting or kidneys
7.35-7.45 is normal PH for blood
How does the combined effect of dextrose 50% and insulin affect the serum potassium levels
Will reduce potassium levels quickly
Insulin allows dextrose to enter the cells and potassium follows, decreasing the amount in the vessels
- if potassium is too high in the blood it can cause heart problems
Tonicity
Equals concentrations
Intravascular
- what’s in the vessels
- tonicity= 0.9% ( has to be in balance for BP, HR to in normal range)
Ex: someone NPO or before surgery-> want to keep hydration at same level
Intercellular
What’s in the cells
Interstitial
What’s in the membrane/ tissue around the cells
Solutions are made of
Solute: particles “electrolytes”
Solvent: liquid “water”
Concentration is the ratio between solute an solvent
Blood
Solute 0.9%
Solvent 99.1%
Osmosis
Movement of WATER from a lesser to a greater concentration
Diffusion
Movement of PARTICLES from a greater to a lesser concentration
When is hypertonic solutions given as a first response
To shock
