Fluid Balance And Electrolytes

Question 1

Calcitonin

Answer 1

Tones down calcium

Works to control calcium and potassium levels by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts that break down bone
(When they break down bone, calcium enters the blood stream)

Question 2

Calcium acetate

Answer 2

Strong calcium to lower phosphorus

Used to control high levels of phosphorus in the blood in people with kidney disease and on dialysis
(Phosphorus binder)

Question 3

Magnesium oxide

Answer 3

Increase magnesium

Mineral supplement used to prevent/ treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood

Question 4

Polystyrene sulfonate

Answer 4

Binds to potassium and bowel and causes diarrhea

Used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood
Binds itself to potassium in the digestive tract to help prevent the body from absorbing too much potassium

Question 5

Alendronate

Answer 5

Prevent burn breakdown to maintain calcium

Can treat/ prevent osteoporosis And pagers disease of the bone keeping blood calcium levels under control

Question 6

Furosemide

Answer 6

Potassium wasting diuretics, May need a potassium supplement

Sodium the absorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of henle and proximal/distal tubules that causes fluid loss along with electrolytes loss
Very potent diuretic and used when patient has an exacerbation of fluid overload
Strong diuretic “water pill” causing increased urinating

Question 7

Spironolactone

Answer 7

Potassium sparing diuretic
Prevents body from absorbing too much salt and keeps potassium levels from getting too low
May need to limit potassium foods to prevent high levels

Question 8

Normal saline

Answer 8

Doesn’t change electrolyte balance just used to maintain

Contains sodium and chloride so it replenishes lost fluid and prevents or corrects some types of electrolyte imbalance
Used to treat dehydration, metabolic alkalosis in presence of fluid loss, and mild sodium depletion

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells in the blood
“Stay where I put it”
Equal to the blood

Question 10

Hypotonic solution

Answer 10

A solution that contain fewer dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes)
Commonly given to in order to treat or avoid dehydration
“get Out the vessel” go into the cell
Less than 0.9%
Less particles, more fluid

Question 11

Hypertonic solution

Answer 11

A solution that contains more dissolved particles ( such as salt and electrolytes) than is found in the blood or normal cells
“Enter the vessel”
Greater than 0.9%
More particles, less fluid

Question 12

1/2 normal saline

Answer 12

Hypotonic in the body
Interstitial, intercellular
Replace water in hypovolemia

Question 13

Ringer lactate

Answer 13

Isotonic
Intravascular
Used with electrolytes imbalance

Question 14

0.45% saline

Answer 14

Intercellular and interstitial

Hypotonic in body

Question 15

D5W

Answer 15

Hypotonic in the body

Goes to the cells and interstitial

Question 16

0.9% saline

Answer 16

Intravascular

Isotonic

Question 17

D5 0.9% saline

Answer 17

Intravascular

Isotonic in the body

Question 18

What time are you reason with a nurse administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously

Answer 18

For the treatment of Metabolic acidosis (this solution is basic)

Are usually only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when underlying causes are diarrhea, vomiting or kidneys

7.35-7.45 is normal PH for blood

Question 19

How does the combined effect of dextrose 50% and insulin affect the serum potassium levels

Answer 19

Will reduce potassium levels quickly

Insulin allows dextrose to enter the cells and potassium follows, decreasing the amount in the vessels

• if potassium is too high in the blood it can cause heart problems

Question 20

Tonicity

Answer 20

Equals concentrations

Question 21

Intravascular

Answer 21

• what’s in the vessels
• tonicity= 0.9% ( has to be in balance for BP, HR to in normal range)

Ex: someone NPO or before surgery-> want to keep hydration at same level

Question 22

Intercellular

Answer 22

What’s in the cells

Question 23

Interstitial

Answer 23

What’s in the membrane/ tissue around the cells

Question 24

Solutions are made of

Answer 24

Solute: particles “electrolytes”
Solvent: liquid “water”

Concentration is the ratio between solute an solvent

Question 25

Blood

Answer 25

Solute 0.9%

Solvent 99.1%

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

Movement of WATER from a lesser to a greater concentration

Question 27

Diffusion

Answer 27

Movement of PARTICLES from a greater to a lesser concentration

Question 28

When is hypertonic solutions given as a first response

Answer 28

To shock