Antibiotics

Question 1

Aerobic organism

Answer 1

Depend on oxygen for survival

Question 2

Anaerobic

Answer 2

Do not use oxygen

Question 3

Cross sensitivity

Answer 3

Sensitivity to One drug leads to sensitivity to another drug

Most commonly seen in patients who have allergies to penicillin react to cephalosporin which are relatives to penicillins

Question 4

Superinfection

Answer 4

Overgrowth of microorganisms normally found in the body when antibiotics disturb the normal flora balance

Question 5

Red mans syndrome

Answer 5

Skin flushing and hypotension causes by too rapid infusion of vancomycin

treated by slowing infusion not stopping it

Question 6

Common reaction to antibiotics

Answer 6

1) kidney damage
2) GI toxicity- diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis
3) neurotoxicity
4) hypersensitive reactions- allergies, anaphylaxis, rashes, whelps, bronchoconstriction, respiratory arrest
5) super infections- yeast, c diff

Question 7

Penicillins

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

Answer 7

Severe allergic reactions and anaphylactic

Frequent super infections

Take alternate birth control ‼️‼️

Question 8

Cephalosporins

Cephalexin
Ceftazidime

Answer 8

Cross sensitive with penicillins

Question 9

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin
Tobramycin

Answer 9

High risk for toxicity to kidneys and ears 👂🏼🫘

Requires therapeutic monitoring ( peak and trough level) as well as BUN and creatinine

Neurotoxicity 🧠

Question 10

Quinolone

Ciproflocacin
Levoflocacin

Answer 10

Photosensitive and rupture of Achilles’ tendon (rare) 🦶🏻

Question 11

Glycopeptides

Vancomycin

Answer 11

Act similar to aminoglycosides

High risk for toxicity to kidney and ears- monitoring

Red man syndrome

Question 12

Macrolides

Erythromycin
Azitgrimycin

Answer 12

Often used when patients allergic to penicillin

Causes GI distress

Do Not Crush

Question 13

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 13

Risk for photosensitive- severe skin reactions

Question 14

Tetracyclines

Doxycycline

Answer 14

Do you not give to children under 8 as it damages teeth 🦷

Severe photo sensitivity

Must use alternative form of birth control as these drugs decrease the action of oral contraceptives

❌ toxic to fetus

Question 15

Empiric

Answer 15

Starting antibiotics without a culture

Question 16

What do bacterial infections cause

Answer 16

Left sift ( increase neutrophils)

Increase in baby wbc is trying to fight infection

Question 17

Superinfection

Answer 17

Over growth of normal flora

Yeast and bacteria keep each other’s levels in check— kill all bacteria and yeast overgrowth

Treat/prevent with probiotics

Question 18

C. Diff

Answer 18

Super infection— antibiotics kill all good bacteria an c diff overgrows

Produces abnormal diarrhea

Eat yogurt for probiotics

Fluconozole / diflucan antifungal drug of choice

Question 19

purpose of combining certain antibiotics with clavulanic acid and sulbactam

Answer 19

To decrease resistance

Question 20

phenazopyridine

Answer 20

is used to treat urinary symptoms such as pain or burning, increased urination, and increased urge to urinate

Doesn’t cure the infection