Antibiotics Flashcards
Aerobic organism
Depend on oxygen for survival
Anaerobic
Do not use oxygen
Cross sensitivity
Sensitivity to One drug leads to sensitivity to another drug
Most commonly seen in patients who have allergies to penicillin react to cephalosporin which are relatives to penicillins
Superinfection
Overgrowth of microorganisms normally found in the body when antibiotics disturb the normal flora balance
Red mans syndrome
Skin flushing and hypotension causes by too rapid infusion of vancomycin
treated by slowing infusion not stopping it
Common reaction to antibiotics
1) kidney damage
2) GI toxicity- diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis
3) neurotoxicity
4) hypersensitive reactions- allergies, anaphylaxis, rashes, whelps, bronchoconstriction, respiratory arrest
5) super infections- yeast, c diff
Penicillins
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Severe allergic reactions and anaphylactic
Frequent super infections
Take alternate birth control ‼️‼️
Cephalosporins
Cephalexin
Ceftazidime
Cross sensitive with penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
High risk for toxicity to kidneys and ears 👂🏼🫘
Requires therapeutic monitoring ( peak and trough level) as well as BUN and creatinine
Neurotoxicity 🧠
Quinolone
Ciproflocacin
Levoflocacin
Photosensitive and rupture of Achilles’ tendon (rare) 🦶🏻
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Act similar to aminoglycosides
High risk for toxicity to kidney and ears- monitoring
Red man syndrome
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azitgrimycin
Often used when patients allergic to penicillin
Causes GI distress
Do Not Crush
Sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole
Risk for photosensitive- severe skin reactions
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Do you not give to children under 8 as it damages teeth 🦷
Severe photo sensitivity
Must use alternative form of birth control as these drugs decrease the action of oral contraceptives
❌ toxic to fetus
Empiric
Starting antibiotics without a culture
What do bacterial infections cause
Left sift ( increase neutrophils)
Increase in baby wbc is trying to fight infection
Superinfection
Over growth of normal flora
Yeast and bacteria keep each other’s levels in check— kill all bacteria and yeast overgrowth
Treat/prevent with probiotics
C. Diff
Super infection— antibiotics kill all good bacteria an c diff overgrows
Produces abnormal diarrhea
Eat yogurt for probiotics
Fluconozole / diflucan antifungal drug of choice
purpose of combining certain antibiotics with clavulanic acid and sulbactam
To decrease resistance
phenazopyridine
is used to treat urinary symptoms such as pain or burning, increased urination, and increased urge to urinate
Doesn’t cure the infection
