Fluid Balance Flashcards
What is the composition of bodily fluids in an adult
Male - 60% fluids
Female - 55% fluids
67% intracellular fluid
33% extracellular fluid
- 80% interstitial fluid
- 20% blood plasma
What is the function of electrolytes
Control osmosis of water between fluid compartments
maintain acid-base balance
involved in nerve conduction and muscle contraction
cofactors for enzyme activity
which electrolyte is most present in the Interstitial fluid
Na +
which electrolyte is most present in intracellular fluid
K+
Which electrolyte is most present in extracellular fluid
Na +
What term refers to sodium imbalance
Hyponatraemia/hypernataemia
What term refers to potassium imbalance
hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia
what term refers to calcium imbalance
hypercalcaemia/hypocalcaemia
What is the average fluid input required by an adult
2500ml
(1500ml drink
750ml food
250ml metabolism)
What is the average fluid output required by an adult
2500ml
(1500ml urine
100ml feces
200ml sweat
700ml insensible losses)
How does fluid enter and exit body tissues
via plasma compartment
What are the clinical signs of fluid retention or overload
weight gain
hypertension
oedema
neurological disturbance
What are the two types of oedema
Localised - local swelling often resulting from injury
generalised - collection of fluid within chest cavity, abdomen
What are the clinical signs of dehydration
weight loss
hypotension
tachycardia
sticky oral mucus and dry tongue
low urine output (oliguria)
neurological disturbances
What is the function of the thirst center in hypothalamus
stimulates desire to drink fluids
