Fluid and Electrolytes in Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

How does the diffusion of water and ions occur?

A

Phago/endo-cytosis of larger particles

Digestion and absorption in lysosomes

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2
Q

What is the important of hollow shapes?

A

Maximises surface area for exchange (Dig and Abs)

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3
Q

What are the 4 GI Processes?

A

Secretion, Digestion, Motility and Absorption

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4
Q

What 2 things are Epithelial cells involved in?

A

1) Secretion of water and electrolytes

2) Absorption of water and electrolytes

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5
Q

How is energy supplied for moving against concentration gradients?

A

Sodium gradients (Sodium pump) and Proton gradients

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6
Q

What are the 2 stages of Sodium coupled nutrient absorption?

A

1) Membrane transport protein

2) Na+/K+ ATPase transporter

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7
Q

What 5 factors help Intestinal Secretion?

A

1) Na+/K+ ATPase
2) Na+/K+/2Cl- Cotransporter
3) K+ channel
4) Cl- Channel
5) Physiological control of secretion

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8
Q

What factors influence absorption?

A

1) Number/structure of enterocytes
2) Blood and lymph flow
3) Nutrient Intake
4) GI Motility

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9
Q

What factors influence secretion?

A

1) Irritants
2) Bile
3) Bacterial Toxins

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10
Q

How do toxins induce diarrhoea?

A

Released from bacteria in infected intestine

2) Bind to intestinal cells
3) Stimulate adenylate cycle to produce cAMP
4) Efflux of ions and water

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11
Q

What is the definition of Digestion?

A

Breakdown of large, complex organic molecules that can be used by the body

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12
Q

How is fat digested?

A

1) Fat and water separate
2) Bile emulsification with affinity for both fat and water(Fat into water)
3) Fat mixed in water solution, so fat-digesting enzymes have access

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13
Q

What is the fat pathway?

A

Large fatty molecule broken down by lipase
FA etc converted into micelles and absorbed into intestinal epithelia as TG etc
Released via exocytosis as Chylomicron/VLDL and into Lymph vessel

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14
Q

What is exocrine function of pancreas?

A

Secretion of pancreatic juice and enzymes

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15
Q

How is pancreatic secretion regulated? (3)

A

1) Acid in duodenum release secretion, and fats CCK
2) Vagal stimulation cause release of pancreatic enzymes
3) Secretin: Bicarbonate secretions, CCK enzyme secretion

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16
Q

What are the 3 functions of the liver?

A

1) Metabolic regulation: Store and release nutrients when needed
2) Haematological Regulation: Plasma protein production and remove old RBC’s
3) Production of Bile: Required for fat digestion and absorption