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Anatomy 2210 > Flower Class Midterm > Flashcards

Flower Class Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what are the basic tools of floral design?

A

knife (pocket knife) for giving the stem a fresh cut, pruning sheers for cutting larger stems or branches, wire cutters for corsages etc, scissors for ribbon and other design materials

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2
Q

what are the floralife 5 steps of fresh?

A
  1. sanitize
  2. hydrate
  3. nourish
  4. protect
  5. customer care
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3
Q

how do you mix floral preservatives?

A

1/2 scoop of floral preservative per 2 quarts of water

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4
Q

In a bud vase arrangement, why do you put greenery in the vase first?

A

to hold the flowers up

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5
Q

how tall should the tallest flower in an bud vase arrangement be?

A

1.5-2 times higher than the container

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6
Q

what are 5 definitions fo a florist?

A
  1. a person who sells and arranges plants and cute flowers
  2. one in the business of raising or selling flowers and ornamental plants
  3. a person who grows or deals in flowers
  4. a retailer or grower of flowers and ornamental plants
  5. a retailer or wholesaler of flowers, ornamental plants
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7
Q

what is floriculture

A

-cultivation or selling of flowers & ornamental plants, usually on a commercial scale

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8
Q

floriculturist

A

grower of floriculture

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9
Q

what are the 6 principles of floral design?

A
  1. balance
  2. scale
  3. focal point
  4. rhythm
  5. harmony
  6. unity
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10
Q

what is a floral principle?

A

a certain guideline that creates a work of are

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11
Q

what is a floral element?

A

a visual quality of a composition

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12
Q

what are the 5 elements of floral design?

A
  1. line
  2. form
  3. texture
  4. color
  5. pattern
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13
Q

what is a focal point?

A

a focal point is the point in an arrangement that attracts and hold the most interest

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14
Q

how can you create a focal point? **4 ways

A
  • radiate stems toward the middle
  • use a large flower
  • use an unusual flower, bow or other interesting bow
  • use the darkest or brightest flower
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15
Q

what is balance in a floral design?

A

balance refers to stability

balance is balancing the visual weight; darker colors and course textures appear heavier

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16
Q

what is the best way to balance an arrangement?

A

half of the visual weight of the arrangement should be to each side of the focal point

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17
Q

what is symmetrical balance?

A

the formal balance characterized by equal visual weight of very similar materials

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18
Q

what is asymmetrical balance?

A

the informal balance characterized by equal visual weight, but different materials

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19
Q

what is depth in a floral arrangement?

A

depth is essential to achieve a 3D balanced appearance and is established by height and width

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20
Q

what should the size of an arrangement be?

A

1-2 times the height or width of the vase

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21
Q

how many focal points should be in an arrangement?

A

just one

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22
Q

should petals touch?

A

no

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23
Q

where do all stems point?

A

center!

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24
Q

how should you cut stems before using them in the arrangement?

A

at a 45 degree angle

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25
Q

what foliage should be removed?

A

any foliage that is underwater

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26
Q

when should greening be done?

A

**either before or after the flowers are added

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27
Q

how many colors should there be in one arrangement?

A

3 colors max

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28
Q

how large should floral foam be?

A

floral foam should extend 1/2 inch or more above the container

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29
Q

where are small flowers placed in an arrangement?

A

toward the top

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30
Q

where are larger flowers placed in an arrangement?

A

toward the bottom

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31
Q

should you use an odd or even number of flowers?

A

odd

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32
Q

how should you arrange light and dark flowers?

A

lighter flowers toward the outside and darker flowers low and toward the center

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33
Q

what should the shape of the arrangement reflect?

A

the container

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34
Q

what is the form of the arrangement?

A

the shape or silhouette of the arrangement

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35
Q

what are the 4 categories of flowers that create form?

A
  1. filler
  2. mass
  3. line
  4. form
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36
Q

what are examples of filler flowers?

A

wax flower, monte casino, gypsophila, statice

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37
Q

what are examples of mass flowers?

A

rose, gerbera, lily, hydrangea

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38
Q

what are examples of line flowers?

A

snaps, delphinium, liatris, larkspur, stock

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39
Q

what are examples of form flowers?

A

sunflower, daffodil, orchids, spider mum

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40
Q

shapes of arrangement

A 
TRIANGLES
equilateral-all sides equal
isosceles-2 sides equal
scalene- no sides equal
right angled-
obtuse-one angle larger than 90
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41
Q

other than triangles, what other shapes do you find arrangements in?

A

circles

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42
Q

how much water does a 1/3 a block of floral form hold?

A

up to 4 quarts!

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43
Q

what are the primary colors?

A

red, blue, yellow

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44
Q

what are the secondary colors?

A

green, orange, purple

all created by mixing two primary colors

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45
Q

what are tertiary colors?

A

mixed colors; names by combining primary and secondary colors
ex. red-orange, blue-green

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46
Q

what is a hue?

A

any color on the color wheel. it is the main characteristic of a primary, secondary, or tertiary color

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47
Q

what are the 3 types of colors on the color wheel?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary

48
Q

what is the value of a color?

A

the brightness or darkness, achieved by mixing black and white

49
Q

what are the 4 types of color values?

A

tint, shade, tone, and saturation

50
Q

what is a color tint?

A

created when white is added and a low value is created (light blue is a tint of blue)

51
Q

what is a color shade?

A

a darker value of a color created by adding black (dark blue is a shade of blue)

52
Q

what is the tone of a color?

A

the intensity of a value created by adding gray

53
Q

what is the saturation of a color?

A

the degree of purity of the hue, affected by adding white, black or gray

54
Q

what is the intensity of a color?

A

brightness or dullness of a hue; the concentration of color

55
Q

what are the 3 rules for color?

A
  1. use color to add interest, stick with a theme, help with balance, harmony and noticeability
  2. no more than 3 hues in an arrangement
  3. stick with the same color families
56
Q

what is the meaning of warm colors? (red, organge and yellow)

A

active, cheery, and informal–makes the objects look larger
red=lively
orange=energetic
yellow=cheerful, sunny (commonly a filler flower)

57
Q

what is the meaning of cool colors? (white, blue, pink)

A 
quiet, peaceful, sometimes melancholy
formal and not seen from afar
white=elegance & sophistication
blue=peaceful
pink=romance and femininity
58
Q

what is unique about the color purple?

A

it is the only color that can be cool or warm

59
Q

what is green used for?

A

to be neutral or a background color

60
Q

monochromatic color scheme definition

A

all one hue

61
Q

analogous color scheme definition

A

adjacent on the color wheel “match”

62
Q

complementary color scheme definition

A

across on the color wheel “go together”

63
Q

split complementary color scheme definition

A

one color matched to both sides of its complement

64
Q

triadic

A

3 colors; all equal distance

65
Q

what is the standard pricing mark-up?

A

going from wholesale to retail using a ratio

66
Q

what is the standard pricing mark-up for hard goods?

A

2x the wholesale

67
Q

what is the standard pricing mark-up for soft goods?

A

3x the wholesale

68
Q

what is the standard cost for labor?

A

20% for a typical arrangement. take 20% of the totaled soft and hard goods and add it to that “goods total”

69
Q

what is divisional percentage pricing?

A

a system for net profit as a factor with 3 controllable areas: operating expenses, labor, and cost of goods

70
Q

what are the brown spots sometimes found on the underside of leather leaf?

A

spore cases

71
Q

egyptian period

A
  • wide mouth vases
  • orderly, alternating patterns
  • locus flower showed prestige
  • flowers as gifts, signs of beauty, and religious purposes
  • made arrangements to wear
72
Q

greek period

A
  • atrium gardens
  • petals and flowers on ground
  • simplistic designs NOT mass designs
  • arrangements to wear (wreaths)
  • primarily ceremonial/celebratory
  • cornucopia was often used “horns of plenty”, fruit was used in designs
73
Q

Roman Period

A
  • similar to greek
  • arrangements to wear were very common
  • difference from greek because they preferred bright, fragrant flowers
  • FIRST NATURALISTIC ARRANGEMENT
  • wreaths and baskets
74
Q

Byzantine

A

**continuation of greek and roman eras
-symmetrical and conical
(no stems, very compact)
-use of natural elements
-still had flowers to wear and head pieces

75
Q

Middle Ages

A
  • not a time of extravagance
  • fragrant flowers
  • predominately used for medicine
76
Q

english renaissance

A
  • flower symbolism**roses for love and lilies for fertility
  • all sorts of containers (no specific containers)
  • mass and symmetrical arrangements
  • arrangements for everyday use
77
Q

french renaissance

A

similar to english renaissance (symmetrical w/ mass designs)

  • fan shaped
  • elegant vases
  • very lavish
78
Q

baroque/dutch flemish

A
  • period of abundance in all classes
  • gaudy, lots of design
  • blue and white schemes were popular
  • hogarth designs and asymmetrical designs were popular
  • many accessories were used
  • 1st time containers were used specifically by flowers
79
Q

Georgian

A
  • all about gragrance “to ward off spirits”
  • formal and symmetrical
  • centerpieces make first appearance
  • bud vases are popular
  • bough pots=container used for floral designs in fireplaces during the warm seasons
  • tussie-mussie (nosegay)=primitive boutoniere
80
Q

Victorian

A
  • during queen victoria’s reign
  • first time flower arrangement is seen as an art
  • compact, mass designs
  • posy holder=like tussie mussie and lasts longer when stuffed with wet moss
  • a formal design was a rose in the center with a ring of flowers
  • an informal design was a plethora of mixed flowers like a meadow
81
Q

oriental style

A

naturalistic and line designs

82
Q

chinese

A

less stylized with less technique to study

83
Q

japanese

A

highly formalized with lots of “rules of design”

84
Q

Ikebana

A

an arrangement design with a concept of 3 lines in each design

85
Q

early American Style

A

little design before the mid 18th century

-everyday plants in containers, much variety

86
Q

american colonial style

A

mass, rounded, fan

very casual, often with dried flowers

87
Q

american neoclassicism style

A

simplistic and natural; opposite of english

88
Q

american victorian style

A

floral designs as an art; similar to english

89
Q

what are 5 modern american styles

A

art noveau, art deco, fee form, geometric mass, contemporary

90
Q

what is the art noveau style?

A

lots of curves, vases in forms of nature

91
Q

what is the art deco style?

A

strong geometric forms

92
Q

what is the free form style?

A

more about feeling that the design itself

93
Q

what is the geometric mass style?

A

tight masses, very “martha stewart-like”

94
Q

what is the definition of floral industry?

A

the particular branch of the business that includes the production, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of flowers and floral products

95
Q

which countries are the top consumers of the floral industry?

A

germany, usa, france, switzerland, netherlands, great britain, austria, belgium, and sweden

96
Q

what is the definition of a floral designer?

A

a person who makes original floral arrangements; a talented, skilled, or creative florist

97
Q

what is the definition of a forist?

A

one who owns or works in the business of selling flowers, plants, and other related items and is skilled in the creation of arrangements for various occasions

98
Q

what are the 4 types of flower shops?

A

full service shop, limited service, wire service, specialty

99
Q

what is a full service shop?

A

all employees are trained in all aspects of the flower business, provides a range of flowers, foliage, and floral products

100
Q

what is a limited service shop?

A

impulse based, hospitals, hotels, and supermarkets

101
Q

what is a wire service?

A

used to transmit orders, paid subscriptions, sending shop and filling shop

102
Q

what is a specialty shop?

A

concentrates on one area of a full service shope

103
Q

what are 4 different hard materials that are used as design accessories?

A
  1. tuelle (tuft, fan, and butterfly)
  2. ribbon (2-layer bows or loops)
  3. ting ting?
  4. river birch/curly willow
104
Q

what are novelty designs?

A

unique floral designs made for special occasions or specific situations

105
Q

what is the purpose of a novelty design?

A

to fascinate, impress, and bring cheer, delight, or whimsy

106
Q

what soft materials are normally used for novelty designs?

A

broken or short stemmed flowers

-easy to make and extremely profitable

107
Q

what hard materials are normally used in novelty designs?

A

any functional container
-connot spill, tip, or cause the flowers to wilt and die quickly…sometimes the container is the novelty part of the arrangement

108
Q

what is hard water?

A

water with high concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium and it generally associated with high alkalinity

109
Q

what is alkalinity?

A
  • alkalinity is a measure of water’s ability to neutralize acids due to its buffering ability
  • mostly carbonates and bicarbonates are associated with Ca and Mg (limestone)
  • alkalinity may cause the pH to rise in media over time, especially in small containers
110
Q

how do you manage the pH of water?

A

by knowing the alkalinity which “controls” the pH

111
Q

what units is alkalinity measured in?

A

ppm, mg/L meq/L

112
Q

how is alkalinity expressed?

A

as CaCO3 of HCO3-

113
Q

what is the usual level of alkalinity for irrigation water?

A

<100ppm, if higher than 150 ppm

114
Q

what is the ideal Ca:Mg ration?

A

3:1 meq/L
OR
5:1 ppm

115
Q

how does water pH affect flowers?

A
  • pH affects the solubility of fertilizers, and the efficacy of pesticides and growth regulators
  • the higher the water ph the less soluble the materials are

Anatomy 2210 (8 decks)

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