Assessment 5, part 5 Flashcards
what is the filtration membrane?
the structure between the glomerulus and bowmans capsule
what are the 3 components of the filtration membrane?
- filtration poors
- filtration slits
- basement membrane
what is a podocyte?
cells of the filtration membrane with pedicles (looks like a criss crossing macrophage)
what is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
A region of tissue found in each nephron in the kidney that is important is regulating blood pressure and body fluid and electrolytes found in the distal convoluted tubule where it passes close to the afferent arteriole supplying the Bowman’s capsule, near to the glomerulus
what are the 3 types of juxtaglomerular apparatus cells?
- mesangial cells
- macula densa
- juxtaglomerular cells
what are mesangial cells?
cells that respond to paracrine signal molecules and contract or relax to adjust for the flow of fluid. they have gap-juctions allowing the signal to reach the JG cells
what is the macula densa?
patch of cells that sense the flow of the fuid in renal tuble and secrete a paracrine signal molecule
what are juxtaglomerular cells?
specialized smooth muscle cells surrounding the afferent arteriole that are enlarged and contract or relax to adjust to the flow of the fluid
*when juxtaglomerular cells contract, the afferent arteriole vasoconstricts and glomerular filtration rate will reduced
what do juxtaglomerular cells secrete?
renin: this initiates the renin-angiotension-aldosterone-cascade in response to low blood pressure
What is ENaC?
Epithelial Sodium Channel: amiloride-sensitive sodium channel
what is amiloride?
*potassium-sparing diuretic drug
a drug that inhibits the ENaC, prescribed in cases of hypokalemia (low levels of potassium). when amiloride blocks the sodium channel, no sodium is in the cell to leave the cell while there is a potassium uptake
what is metabolism?
energy transfer processes. catabolism and anabolism
what is catabolism?
energy producing reactions; degredation of large molecules into small molecules (exergonic reactions)
what is anabolism?
energy consuming reactions; building large molecules from smaller molecules (endergonic reactions)
what are the 3 reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
- incorporation of CoA
- Dehydrogenation, producing NADh
- Decarboxylation; removal of 2Co2 to internal gas exchange
