Flight Rules - S1 - C2

Question 1

Airspace Classes
Class A

Answer 1

IFR Only
ATC Clearance before entry
Comply with ATC Instrcutions

Question 2

Airspace Classes
Class C

Answer 2

IFR & VFR
ATC clearance before entry.
Comply with ATC instructions.

Separate:
- IFR from other IFR and VFR
- VFR from IFR
Pass traffic information:
- VFR on other VFR and give traffic avoidance advice if requested.

Question 3

Airspace Classes
Class D

Answer 3

IFR & VFR
ATC clearance before entry.
Comply with ATC instructions

Separate:
- IFR from other IFR

Pass traffic information:
- IFR & SVFR on VFR flights and give traffic avoidance advice when requested;
- VFR flights on all other flights and provide traffic avoidance advice when requested.

Question 4

Airspace Classes
Class E

Answer 4

IFR & VFR
IFR flights to obtain ATC clearance before entry and comply with ATC instructions.
VFR flights do not require clearance.

Separate:
IFR flights from IFR
IFR flights: wherever practicable, pass traffic information and if requested by the pilot or when deemed necessary by the controller, suggest traffic avoidance advice on participating and non- participating VFR flights;
(c) to VFR flights: provide traffic information

Question 5

Airspace Classes
Class G

Answer 5

IFR & VFR

None
None

Question 6

The 250 knot speed limit does not apply to? (8)

Answer 6

• flights in Class A & B
• IFR in Class C
• Test flights (in accordance with specified conditions)
• Aircraft taking part in flying displays (when authorised by the CAA)
• Aircraft subject to a written permission granted by the CAA
• State aircraft (such as military aircraft)
• for exempted VFR flights in Class C (when authorised by an ATC unit in accordance with MATS Part 2)
• for exempted flights in Class D (when authorised by an ATC unit in accordance with MATS Part 2)

Question 7

When does the 250kt speed limit always apply apart from to exemption flights?

Answer 7

Flying below FL100

Question 8

What are the reasons for published speed limits on ATC procedures? (4)

Answer 8

A speed limit of 250 kt is applied to;
- Published SID procedures to assist in the initial provision of separation between successive departing aircraft;
- Some STAR procedures to assist ATC in the integration of traffic flows;

• Some holding patterns have non-standard maximum holding speeds for containment within controlled airspace or separation from adjacent routes or procedures;
• Some instrument approach procedures have non standard maximum speeds for obstacle avoidance or controlled airspace containment.

Question 9

VMC Minima by DAY
At & Above FL100
Classes B, C, D, E, F & G

Answer 9

H - 1500m
V - 1000ft
Vis - 8km

Question 10

VMC Minima by DAY
Below FL100 & Above 3000ft AMSL or 1000ft above terrain
Classes B, C, D, E, F & G

Answer 10

H - 1500m
V - 1000ft
Vis - 5km

Question 11

VMC Minima by DAY
At & Below 3000ft AMSL or above 1000ft above terrain whichever higher
Classes B, C, D & E

Answer 11

H - 1500m
V - 1000ft
Vis - 5km

Question 12

VMC Minima by DAY
Classes F & G

Answer 12

H & V - COCSIS
Vis - 5km

Alternatively, for aircraft including helicopters, flying at 140 kt IAS or less
H & V - COCSIS
Vis - 1500m

Question 13

VMC Minima by DAY
Alternatively in Class D

Answer 13

Flying at 140kts IAS or less

FW
H & V - COCSIS
Vis - 5km

RW
H & V - COCSIS
Vis - 1500m

Question 14

VMC Minima by NIGHT
At & Above FL100
Classes B, C, D, E, F & G

Answer 14

H - 1500m
V - 1000ft
Vis - 8km

Question 15

VMC Minima by NIGHT
Below FL100 & Above 3000ft AMSL or 1000ft above terrain
Classes B, C, D, E, F & G

Answer 15

H - 1500m
V - 1000ft
Vis - 5km

Question 16

VMC Minima by NIGHT
At & Below 3000ft AMSL or above 1000ft above terrain whichever higher
Classes B, C, D & E

Answer 16

H - 1500m
V - 1000ft & COCSIS
Vis - 5km

Question 17

VMC Minima by NIGHT
Classes F & G

Answer 17

H & V - COCSIS
Vis - 5km

Question 18

VMC Exemptions

Answer 18

Helicopters flights conducting:
- Police
- HEMS
- SAR (including training) LoA needed
- Power line, Pipeline and Rail track inspections

Question 19

ATZ rules

Answer 19

ATZ adopt the classification of airspace they are situated in.

All movements within the ATZ are subject to permission of the ATC unit.
AC will comply with instructions and maintain a listening watch.

Question 20

SVFR Minima

Answer 20

By Day or Night
FW
- Ground Vis - less than 1500m
- Cloud Ceiling - less than 600ft
RW
- Ground Vis - less than 800m and/or
- Cloud Ceiling - less than 600ft

Question 21

SVFR Separation

Answer 21

IFR & SVFR
SVFR & SVFR

Aircraft are not normally given a specified level to fly but vertical separation from aircraft flying above can be achieved by requiring the Special VFR flight to fly not above a specified level

Question 22

SVFR Exemptions

Answer 22

Helicopter flights conducting:
- Police
- HEMS
- SAR (Including training) LoA needed

• Powerline, Pipeline & Rail track Inspections

Question 23

SVFR
Pilot Responsibilities (6)

Answer 23

• must comply with ATC instructions;
• is responsible for ensuring that flight conditions enable the pilot to remain clear of cloud, determine their flight path with reference to the surface and keep clear of obstructions
• is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft is flown at an indicated airspeed of 140 kt or less in order to provide adequate opportunity to observe any obstacles in time to avoid a collision (SERA.5010(b)
• is responsible for ensuring for flying within the limitations of their pilot’s licence;
• is responsible for complying with the relevant SERA and RoA Regulations low flying restrictions
• is responsible for avoiding ATZ unless prior permission for penetration has been obtained from the relevant ATC unit.

Question 24

What Flight plan requirements for SVFR?

Answer 24

A full flight plan is not required for Special VFR flight but the pilot must give brief details of the callsign, aircraft type and their intentions.

A full flight plan is required if the pilot wishes their destination to be notified.

Question 25

Two types of flight plans

Answer 25

Full FPL
Abbreviated FPL
- limited info required to obtain a clearance for a portion of a flight. e.g Flying in a CTR, Crossing a control area.
- can be filed by RTF or Telephone prior to take off

Question 26

Who is responsible for filing an accurate flight plan?

Answer 26

Pilot or Aircraft Operator

ATSU may assist in compiling and checking.

Question 27

When is a pilot required to file a FPL? (6)

Answer 27

• Any flight or portion thereof to be provided an Air Traffic Control Service
• Any IFR flight in advisory airspace
• Any flight across international boundaries
• Any flight planned to operate at night, if leaving the vicinity of an aerodrome
• Any flight within or into areas, or along routes designated by the Authority, to facilitate the provision of flight information, alerting and search and rescue services
• Any flight within or into areas or along routes designated by the Authority, to facilitate coordination with appropriate military units or with air traffic service units in adjacent States in order to avoid the possible need for interception for the purposes of identification prescribed by the States concerned

A pilot may file a FPL for any flight

Question 28

When is a pilot advised to file a FPL?

Answer 28

• if the flight involves flying over the sea more than 10 nm from the UK coast or flying over sparsely populated areas where SAR operations would be difficult
• if the pilot intends to fly into an area in which SAR operations are in progress.
  The flight plan should include the expected times of entering and leaving the area and the details must also be passed to the parent ACC. The ACC is to notify the JRCC concerned.

Question 29

What is a a repetitive FPL?

Answer 29

The repetitive flight plan scheme is a more convenient method of filing flight plans for flights that operate regularly. Only one plan is filed and the details are brought forward for each flight.

Question 30

What is an AIRPROX?

Answer 30

An AIRPROX is a situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or a controller, the
distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speeds have been
such that the safety of the aircraft involved was or may have been compromised.

Question 31

What should be contained in an AIRPROX report? (7)

Answer 31

• The words “AIRPROX Report”;
• Position at time of incident;
• Time of incident;
• Altitude/Flight Level (climbing, descending or level flight);
• Heading;
• Brief details of incident including first sighting and miss distance;
• Weather conditions.

Controllers must not offer opinions as to cause or responsibility, either to pilots at
the time or to operators or pilots subsequently. Pilots may be told that the incident
will be investigated.

Question 32

Action to be taken when Captive Balloons break free? (6)

Answer 32

Appropriate ACC shall be telephoned without delay stating:
- The type of balloon and whether carrying any person;
- Position of balloon site;
- Direction and speed of drift;
- Last observed height;
- Length of cable attached to balloon; and
- Balloon operator’s name and telephone number.

Question 33

What is an RMZ?

Answer 33

Radio Mandatory Zone

An RMZ is airspace of defined dimensions wherein the carriage and operation of suitable/appropriate radio equipment is mandatory.
Flights operating in airspace designated as a RMZ by the CAA, shall establish two-way communication before entering the RMZ and maintain a continuous air-ground voice communication watch, as necessary, on the appropriate communication channel.

If unable to establish two-way radio communication with the designated ANSP the pilot is to remain outside the RMZ.

Question 34

When is two way radio communication said to be established? (7)

Answer 34

Two-way communication is considered to have been achieved once the pilot has provided at least the following information on the appropriate communications channel:
- Callsign;
- Type of aircraft;
- Position;
- Level;
- Flight rules; and
- Intentions of the flight.
- and has received acknowledgment from ATS.