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ASA FH 01/13/21 > Flight Controls > Flashcards

Flight Controls Flashcards

1
Q

What does ELAC stand for?

A

Elevator Aileron Computers (ELACs)

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2
Q

How many ELACs are installed?

A

2 ELACs

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3
Q

What are the functions of the ELAC?

A

provide normal elevator and
stabilizer control and aileron control.

  • Normal pitch and roll, normal LAF
  • Alternate pitch, alternate LAF
  • Direct pitch and roll
  • Abnormal attitude
  • Aileron droop
  • Acquisition of autopilot orders
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4
Q

Under Normal Law, what does ELAC 1 control?

A

Ailerons 1st / Elevators/THS 2nd

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5
Q

Under Normal Law, what does ELAC 2 control?

A

Ailerons 2nd / Elevators/THS 1st

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6
Q

What does SEC stand for?

A

Spoiler Elevator Computers (SECs)

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7
Q

How many SECs are installed?

A

3 SECs

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8
Q

What functions are performed by the SECs?

A
  • Normal roll (by controlling the spoilers)
  • Speed brakes and ground spoilers
  • Alternate pitch (SEC 1 and SEC 2 only)
  • Direct pitch (SEC 1 and SEC 2 only)
  • Direct roll
  • Alternate LAF
  • Abnormal attitude
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9
Q

Under Normal Law, what do the 3 SECs control?

A

provide spoilers control and

standby elevator and stabilizer control.

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10
Q

What is the sole purpose of SEC 3 in Normal Law?

A

SEC 3 provides spoiler control only (for spoilers 1 and 2).

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11
Q

What is the definition of FAC?

A

Flight Augmentation Computers (FACs)

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12
Q

How many FACs are installed?

A

2 FACs

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13
Q

What are the functions of the FACs?

A
  • Normal roll (coordinating turns and damping)
  • Rudder trim
  • Rudder travel limit
  • Alternate yaw
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14
Q

Is full rudder deflection available during all flight regimes?

A

The maximum rudder travel deflection gradually reduces as the speed increases to avoid
structural loads.

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15
Q

How are the flight control surfaces controlled and actuated?

A

Flight control surfaces are all electrically-controlled and hydraulically-activated.

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16
Q

When is automatic pitch trim available?

A

When in Normal Law, pitch trim is automatic when the autopilot is engaged or disengaged.
Auto trim is available in a turn up to 33° of bank.

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17
Q

How is roll control normally achieved?

A

The roll control of the aircraft is achieved by one wing tip aileron on each wing augmented
by four spoilers on each wing.

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18
Q

If the Rudder Travel Limit system fails, is maximum rudder deflection available?

A

In the case of a failure that causes loss of the Rudder Travel limit system, the rudder
deflection limit stops at the last value reached. When slats are extended, full rudder travel
authority is resumed.

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19
Q

With only Green hydraulic system pressure available, will both the flaps and slats
operate?

A

If one hydraulic system is inoperative, the corresponding surfaces (slats or
flaps) operate at half speed.

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20
Q

What system prevents flap or slat asymmetry?

A

wingtip brakes (WTBs),

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21
Q

What causes the WTBs to activate (ROAM)?

A

activated in case of asymmetry, mechanism overspeed,
symmetrical runaway, or uncommanded movement of the surfaces.
(Runaway, Overspeed, Asymmetry, Movment)

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22
Q

If the WTB activates due to a flap asymmetry, can the slats still operate?

A

If the flap wingtip brakes are on, the pilot can still operate the slats. If the slat
wingtip brakes are on, the flaps can still operate.

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23
Q

How may Slat/Flap Control Computers (SFCC) are installed?

A

two slat flap control computers (SFCCs), each containing one slat channel and one flap
channel.

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24
Q

What would occur if one SFCC failed?

A

If one SFCC is inoperative slats and flaps both operate at half speed.

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25
Q

What flap/slat configurations correspond to position 1 on the FLAPS lever and how do
they differ?

A

Flap position 1 has two configurations (1 and 1 + F) depending on how the position is selected.

1+F config is provided when:

  • the handle is moved from 0-1 with and airspeed is less than or equal to 100 kts.
  • the handle is moved from 2-1 with and airspeed less than 210 kts.
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26
Q

In what situation will the Flaps automatically retract?

A

When config is 1+F the flaps retract automatically at

210 kts. and the Flaps configuration becomes 1.

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27
Q

What is Alpha Lock?

A

This function inhibits slat retraction at high angles-of-attack and low speeds.

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28
Q

What is indicated when the FLAP legend appears in cyan on the upper ECAM display?

A

The position indication becomes cyan when the slats and flaps are in transit.

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29
Q

What happens to the ailerons when the flaps are extended?

A

The ailerons extend 5° down when the flaps are extended (aileron droop).

30
Q

Is there any landing configuration when speed brake extension is inhibited?

A

yes:
Flaps Full (A320)
Flaps 3 or Full (A321)

31
Q

When do the Ground Spoilers automatically extend?

A

Rejected Takeoff Phase:
• If the ground spoilers are armed and the speed exceeds 72 kts, the ground spoilers will automatically extend as soon as both thrust levers are reset to idle
• If the ground spoilers are not armed and the speed exceeds 72 kts, the ground spoilers will automatically extend as soon as reverse is selected on one engine (the other thrust lever remains at idle)
Landing Phase:
• Speed brake lever not in the retracted position or ground spoilers armed and:
- both main landing gear on the ground,
- both thrust levers at or below Idle position or Reverse selected on at least one engine and the other thrust lever below MCT position
• Speed brake lever in the retracted position but ground spoilers not armed and:
- both main landing gear on the ground,
- reverse selected on at least one engine and the other thrust lever below MCT position

32
Q

At touchdown with reverse selected and only one landing gear strut compressed, will
the ground spoilers extend?

A

Partially extended

33
Q

When will the ground spoilers automatically retract?

A
  • After landing
  • After a rejected takeoff when the ground spoilers are disarmed
  • During a touch and go when at least one thrust lever is advanced above 20°
34
Q

When is speedbrake extension inhibited (SAFET)?

A
  • SEC 1 and SEC 3 both have faults
  • Angle-of-attack protection is active
  • Flaps are in configuration FULL
  • An elevator (L or R) has a fault
  • Thrust levers above MCT position
  • Alpha floor activation
35
Q

In flight, what happens if a spoiler fault is detected or electrical power is lost?

A

The system automatically retracts the spoilers to its zero position if it detects a fault or loses electrical control.

36
Q

With spoilers not armed, will the spoilers deploy for an RTO?

A

• If the ground spoilers are not armed and the speed exceeds 72 kts, the ground spoilers will automatically extend as soon as reverse is selected on one engine (the other thrust lever remains at idle)

37
Q

What is the difference between the A320 and A321 regarding speed brake usage with the AP on?

A

The A320 will only allow for partial speed brake extension with AP on. The maximum speedbrake deflection achievable with the autopilot engaged
is obtained by setting the speedbrake lever to the half-way position. When setting the speedbrake lever from half to full with the autopilot engaged, the deflection of the speedbrakes will not increase.
The A321 will allow for full deflection if speed brakes are set to the full position.

38
Q

What protection/s do you have in Normal Law?

A
  • Load factor limitation
  • Pitch attitude protection
  • High-angle-of-attack (AOA) protection
  • High-speed protection
39
Q

How does the High Speed Protection operate?

A

As the speed increases above VMO/MMO, the sidestick nose-down authority is progressively reduced and a permanent nose-up order is applied to aid recovery to normal flight conditions.

40
Q

Can the pilot override the auto pitch-up associated with High Speed Protection in Normal Law?

A

The pilot cannot override this nose-up order but can hinder the recovery by maintaining full forward sidestick.

41
Q

What is Alpha Max?

A

αMAX (the maximum AOA allowed in Normal Law)

42
Q

How does High Angle-of-Attack Protection operate?

A

Without pilot input, the F/CTL computers will
maintain the AOA equal to αPROT. The AOA can be further increased by pilot input up to a maximum value equal to αMAX (the maximum AOA allowed in Normal Law). When the
High AOA protection is activated, the Normal Law demand is modified and the sidestick input is an angle-of-attack demand instead of a load factor demand.

43
Q

What protection do you have in Alternate Law?

A
  • Load Factor Limitation
  • Low Speed Stability (replaces normal high angle-of-attack protection)
  • High Speed Stability (replaces normal high speed protection)
44
Q

Can you override the high speed stability in Alternate Law?

A

Yes, The pilot can override this command.

45
Q

What protections do you have in Direct Law?

A

No protections

46
Q

If you are in Pitch Alternate Law, what law would Roll be?

A

Direct,
While in pitch Alternate Law, lateral control follows the roll Direct Law associated with yaw alternate or mechanical, depending on the failure.

47
Q

When is there a direct relationship between sidestick and flight control surface deflection?

A

A direct relationship between sidestick and flight control surface deflection happens when in Normal Law ground mode, when below 50 ft in Flare mode (pitch only), and when the aircraft is in Direct Law.

48
Q

How would you get into Abnormal Attitude Law?

A

If for any reason the aircraft goes far outside the normal flight envelope and reaches an extreme attitude.

The abnormal attitude law engages when one of the following values is reached:
• Bank angle above 125°
• Pitch attitude above 50° nose-up or below 30° nose-down
• Speed below 70 to 90 kts (depending on the aircraft pitch attitude), or above 440 kts
• Mach above 0.91
• Angle-of-attack above 40°

49
Q

What is the purpose of Abnormal Attitude Law?

A

The abnormal attitude law will

engage and will provide the PF with maximum efficiency to recover normal attitude.

50
Q

After recovery from an unusual attitude, what law will you be in?

A

ALTN LAW
When the aircraft returns within the normal flight envelope, the abnormal attitude law disengages and the following conditions remain for the remainder of the flight:
• The pitch Alternate Law is active with no protections and with autotrim
• The roll Direct Law is active
• The yaw Alternate Law is active
• F/CTL ALTN LAW

51
Q

Will Abnormal Law revert to Direct Law on landing gear extension?

A

No it will remain in ALTN LAW for the remainder of the flight.

52
Q

What PFD indications indicate Normal Law?

A

Green protection symbols (=)

Vls, Vα prot, Vα MAX

53
Q

What would cause you to revert to another law?

A

multiple failures of redundant systems

54
Q

What law are you in when you perform the flight control check on the ground?

A

Normal law ground mode

55
Q

What is indicated if the PFD pitch and bank limits are amber Xs?

A

When

protections are lost, amber crosses (X) appear, you are not in Normal Law

56
Q

Can the aircraft be flown with a loss of all flight control computers?

A

In Mechanical Backup

57
Q

How is the aircraft controlled in Mechanical Backup?

A

The pilot manually applies trim to the THS to control the aircraft in pitch. The PFDs display “MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY” in red.
The pilot uses the rudder pedals as the mechanical backup to laterally control the aircraft.
In mechanical backup, the speed is controlled by manually moving the thrust levers.

58
Q

How is the THS normally operated in flight?

A

Normally, ELAC2 controls the elevators and the trimmable horizontal stabilizer.

59
Q

If NO hydraulic power is available can the THS be positioned?

A

No

60
Q

If a complete flight control computer failure occurs can the THS be positioned?

A

as long as either the green or yellow hydraulic systems are functioning.

61
Q

Can you move the PITCH trim wheel if all systems are working normally?

A

Yes, Manual pilot

input to the pitch trim wheel with sufficient force will always have priority over the electrical control to the THS

62
Q

What happens to the THS when the aircraft enters into Ground Mode?

A

Following nosewheel touchdown, as the pitch attitude becomes less than 2.5° for more than 5 seconds, the pitch trim is automatically reset to zero.

63
Q

What does the red arrow in the SIDE STICK PRIORITY light mean?

A

a red arrow light illuminates in front of the pilot whose stick is deactivated and points to the sidestick that is active.

64
Q

How would you regain control if you had just lost sidestick authority?

A

A pilot can deactivate the other sidestick and take full control by pressing and holding the priority takeover pushbutton.

65
Q

What do flashing green CAPT and F/O SIDESTICK PRIORITY lights indicate?

A

In the event of simultaneous input from both sidesticks

66
Q

What happens when both pilots make an input simultaneously on the sidesticks?

A

the two green SIDE STICK PRIORITY lights on

the glareshield come on and “DUAL INPUT” voice message is activated.

67
Q

What happens if you turn the Rudder Trim with the autopilot engaged?

A

Nothing, The rudder trim rotary switch and the rudder trim reset pushbutton are not active when the autopilot is engaged.

68
Q

Does the rudder RESET button work with the autopilot engaged?

A

No, he rudder trim rotary switch and the rudder trim reset pushbutton are not active when the autopilot is engaged.

69
Q

When is the side stick position indication icon (white cross) displayed?

A

On the ground after the first engine start, sidestick position indications appear white on both PFDs. The indications disappear when the aircraft goes from the ground into flight.

70
Q

Can the aircraft be flown with a loss of all hydraulic systems?

A

No, you all are fucked!

All flight control surfaces are hydraulically actuated.

ASA FH 01/13/21 (13 decks)

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