flash cancer Flashcards
breast cancer: s/s
MRI: micro-calcifications
breast cancer: screening
monthly BSE @ 20+
CBE @ 20-30 (q3 yrs) then 40+ yearly
screening
annual mammogram @ 40 or 5 years before 1st affected relative
breast cancer tx
axillary lymph node dissection
sentinel lymph node biopsy
breast conserving therapy
mastectomy (radical, skin sparing, nipple sparing, etc)
radiation therapy, hormone therapy, tamoxifen
lung cancer: s/s
30x risk for smoker vs non CXR changes FEV1 35-70 = mild to mod impairment new/changed cough hoarse, hemoptysis weight loss un-resolvinv pneumonia
lung cancer baseline test
CXR - most important radiologicla finding = change in characteristic of a lesion
superior vena cava syndrome
EMERGENCY! sign of growing lung tumor
colon cancer: s/s
depends on L or R - hematochezia or melena, mass etc
colon cancer: screening - under 50 vs 50+
average risk, asx, under 50
- colonoscopy
- f/u based on results: adenomatous = 3 years vs clean = 7-10 years
average risk, asx, 50+
- yearly fecal occult blood test
- flex sig q5; full colonoscopy if + unless less than 1cm
IBD + colon cancer significance
UC: 30x increased risk - after 30 yo, 35% risk
Crohn’s + UC: regular surveillance
most common symptom of rectal cancer
bleeding (60% pts)
rectal cancer s/s
early stage often asx
bleeding (60%)
DRE = size, location
cervical cancer s/s + PE
vaginal discharge
bleeding
postcoital spotting
masses/lesions on cervix
cervix greyish color, bleeding, discharge
uterine cancer s/s
abnormal bleeding (97%)
premenopausal: prolonged menses, excessive/intermenstrual bleeding
postmenopausal: bleeding after 1 year of last menses
uterine cancer key lab
CA-125 diagnostic
CA-125
diagnostic lab + for uterine cancer
useful for ovarian as well
ovarian cancer s/s
VAGUE constellation
GI distress, abd discomfort, bloating, flatulence, increased pelvic pressure, vaginal bleeding
most common GYN malignancy
uterine cancer
leading cause of death for all GYN cancers
ovarian cancer
ovarian cancer tumor marker labs
CA-125, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG)
testicular cancer s/s
non-tender enlarged testicle
most common in caucasian, young (15 - 34)
testicular cancer screening
monthly self-exam puberty - 40, report any new lump/lesion
testicular cancer diagnostic tests
CT scan: assess nodal status
CT lung & whole lung tomography for mets eval
IVP: assess kidneys, ureters, bladders
CXR
prostate screening
50: DRE & PSA - earlier if 1st degree relative
colorectal cancer screening
@ 50
- fecal occult blood: annual
- flex sig q 5 years OR colonoscopy q 10 years
uterine (endometrial) cancer screening
@ high risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer should be offered annual endometrial biopsy beginning @ 35
cervical cancer screenings
begin 3 yrs after vaginal intercourse OR at least by 21
annual Pap OR q2 for newer liquid-based
@ 30 if 3 normal paps, screening 2-3 years
70+ with normal paps can stop, also if hysterectomy w/o removal of cervix
adriamycin significant AE
cardiotoxic
