Firsts Etc Flashcards
First vinegrowing region in Bordeaux?
Graves
First tasting panel AOC?
Saint Julien
First lab analysis AOC?
Entre Deux Mers
Chx with exemptions for inter appellation blending?
Lafite (St Est)
Conseillante (St Em)
Pichon Comtesse (Haut Med)
Ducru Beaucaillou (Haut Med)
Latour announced pull out of EP in what year?
2012
First white grape to be harvested?
Sauv Blanc
Last white grape to be harvested?
Muscadelle
Harvest order for white grapes?
- Sauv Blanc
- Semillon
- Muscadelle
Most widely planted white grape?
Semillon (48%)
Most Colombard in Bdx found in which two sub regions?
Bourg
Blaye
Most Merlot Blanc found in which three sub regions?
Bourg
Blaye
Fronsac
Ugni Blanc found in which part of Bordeaux?
Entre Deux Mers and AOCs within it
Ugni Blanc synonyms (3)
Trebbiano
St Emilion Des Charentes
Muscadet Aigre
Semillon - two clones
Gros Semillon
Petit Semillon
Semillon colour comes from…?
The must’s propensity to oxidise (not from pigmentation)
Sauvignon Gris - what colour skin?
Pink
Mauzac Blanc more famous in which Languedoc AOC?
Blanquette de Limoux
Mauzac Blanc related to Mauzac Noir?
No
Merlot Blanc parents?
Merlot X Folle Blanche
Merlot X Folle Blanche = ?
Merlot Blanc
Folle Blanche synonym in Loire Valley?
Gros Plant
Folle Blanche synonym in Armagnac?
Picpoul
Folle Blanche allowed in which AOC?
Cotes de Blaye
Chenin Blanc synonyms (2)
Pineau de la Loire
Pineau d’Anjou
Chenin Blanc allowed in which AOC?
Cotes de Blaye
Chenin Blanc allowed in Cotes de Blaye until when?
2025
Most planted red grape
Merlot (66%)
Second most planted red grape
Cabernet Sauvignon (22.5%)
Third most planted red grape
Cab Franc (9.5%)
Merlot parents?
Magdeleine Noire des Charentes X Cabernet Franc
Merlot ban when?
1970-1975
1970-1975: only legal to plant which grape?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot bigger part of blend in Saint Emilion or Pomerol?
Pomerol (80%)
Around 60% in Saint Em
Cabernet Sauvignon synonyms (3)
Petit Cabernet
Vidure
Petit Vidure
Cabernet Franc synonyms? (4)
Voucher
Gros Voucher
Grosse Vidure
Carmenet
Malbec synonyms (2)
Côt
Noir de Pressac
Malbec mostly found in which 3 sub regions?
Bourg
Blaye
Entre Deux Mers
Petit Verdot synonym (1)
Lambrusquet
First red grape to harvest?
Malbec
Last red grape to harvest?
Petit Verdot
Harvest order for red grapes (6)
- Malbec
- Merlot
- Carmenere
- Cabernet Franc
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Petit Verdot
Carmenere parents
Cabernet Franc X Gros Cabernet
Grapes ripen how many days after flowering?
110 days
2nd epoch of ripening is how many days after Chasselas?
12-15
Which two red grapes ripen in 3rd epoch?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Petit Verdot
Is it legal to irrigate in Bordeaux?
No
Irrigation is illegal in Bordeaux. T/F?
True
Notable biodynamic chateaux (5)
Latour Palmer Pontet Canet Fonroque Climens
% of Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux farmed organically or biodynamically?
25%
% of Bordeaux producers “sustainable” farming?
45%
What is PIWI?
Fungus resistant grapes e.g. Cal 6-04, Cabernet Jura
Cal 6-04 and Cabernet Jura are examples of what?
PIWIs
Stèphane Derenoncourt clients
Talbot Smith Haut Lafitte Prieuré-Lichine La Gaffelière Pavie Macquin Fonplégade La Tour Figeac
Chateau Latour consultant? (Also founder of Biodynamie Services)
Vincent Masson
Clos Puy Arnaud winemaker/consultant?
Anne Calderoni
Claude and Lydia Bourguignon consultant for which 2 right bank chx?
Ausone
Le Puy
Most recent ice age took place when?
From 2 million years ago to 10,000 years ago
Spanish name for Garonne river
Rio Garona
Oldest Médoc gravel type?
Günz
Big günz
List 4 Médoc gravel types
Günz
Mindel
Riss
Würm
Most important tributaries of Garonne (3)
Lot
Tarn
Dordogne
Highest point in Bordeaux?
Sainte Foy
115m
Two chx with their own drainage systems
Latour
Yquem
2 similarities of all great Bordeaux terroir
- Infertile soil
2. Soil regulate water supply
Soils at Haut-Brion
9m of Günz gravel atop pre-Ice Age gravels atop Starfish limestone
Soils at Lafite and Mouton
9m of Günz gravel Atop Sandy-marl rich in fossil Atop St Estephe limestone
Soils at Ch Margaux
Pockets of thick gravel but mostly THIN gravel
Atop
Freshwater limestone (Lacustre de Plaisac) and blue Gray Fronsadais marl
Locally referred to as “la terre Blanche”
NB is not gravel mound typical of other first growths
Soils at Latour
9m of Günz gravel
Atop sandy oyster shell marl
Atop at estephe limestone
Dividing line between Médoc and Graves?
Jalle de Blanquefort
Ironstone soil type in Bourg and Blaye
Sidérolithique
What is sidérolithique?
Ironstone soil found in Bourg and Blaye - tannic, well structured red wines
What separates Fronsac/Canon Fronsac from Pomerol, Lalande de Pomerol and St Emilion?
Isle river
What is Cotes de Canon?
Hilly topography found in Canon Fronsac
Gravel terraces uniquely found in which RB appellation?
Pomerol
Ausone soils
Starfish limestone plateau
Cheval Blanc soils
Iron rich gravel (Pomerol like)
Pavie soils
Limestone and sandy clay
Angélus soils
Clay dominant limestone and sandy clay limestone
What is a butte
Flat topped hill with steep escarpments or slopes
Francs soil type
Périgord sands
Castillon soil type
Lacustrine (freshwater) limestone plateau
What is loess?
Composite of fine wind blown sands and silts
Topography of Entre Deux Mers
Weathered starfish limestone plateau buried beneath 33m of sand, silt, clay, gravels and loess
Warm soils (2)
Gravel
Sand
Cold soils (2)
Clay
Limestone
Merlot best on which (cold) soil type
Clay
Cabernet Franc best on which (cold) soil type
Limestone
Malbec best on which (cold) soil type
Limestone
Iron elements in soil give telltale notes of which 2 descriptors?
Prune
Black walnut
Prune and black walnut indicate presence of which soil type
Iron elements
What is débourbage?
Juice settling
French word for juice settling after pressing?
Débourbage
Hand harvest is mandatory for Crémant. T/F?
True
All crémant is dry. T/F?
True
Three styles of Crémant?
Blanc de Blancs
Blanc de Noirs
Rosé
Minimum aging for Crémant?
9 months
Minimum pressure for Crémant?
3.5 atms
Typical fermentation temperature for white Bordeaux?
18-20°
Typical max skin contact for Bordeaux rosé?
10-12 hours
Typical skin contact for Clairet?
24-36 hours (as much as 48 hours)
8 member appellations of Sweet Bordeaux?
- Sauternes
- Barsac
- Cérons
- Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
- Cadillac
- Loupiac
- Sainte Croix du Mont
- Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire
Muscadelle typical in sweet Bordeaux?
No - Semillon/SB blends
Botrytized grapes have __ times the normal number of aromatic precursors
10 times
How long can harvest of Sauternes etc take?
4-8 weeks
6 or more tries
Typical harvest dates for sweet appellations
Mid September til November
Desired ratio of alcohol to sugar in Sauternes etc?
14: 4
15: 5
How is fermentation arrested in Sauternes?
Sulfur addition
Oak ageing for Sauternes etc
12-24 months
Yeast discovered by whom in 1863?
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur discovered what in 1863?
Yeast
What is an égrappoir?
Destemming machine
French name for a destemming machine?
Égrappoir
Chaptalisation is legal in Bordeaux. T/F?
True
What is cuvaison?
Maceration period on tank after primary fermentation
French word for maceration in tank after primary fermentation?
Cuvaison
Average Grand Vin ageing time?
18-24 months
Three fining agents
Egg whites
Bentonite (clay)
Gelatin
Two ways to remove water/concentrate red wines
Reverse Osmosis
Entropy Evaporation
When is chaptalisation forbidden?
When concentration has taken place (e.g. via reverse osmosis or entropy Evaporation)
Two methods for removing/reducing alcohol?
Spinning Cone Columns
Cross Flow filtration
Regional IGP for Bordeaux
IGP Atlantique
IGP Atlantique covers which departments?
Charentes Charentes Maritime Gironde Dordogne Western part of Lot et Garonne
What % of overall production is regional Bordeaux AOCs?
48%
What % of overall production is RED regional Bordeaux AOC?
43%
Bordeaux Blanc AOC allows max 30% of which (3) grape varieties?
Colombard
Merlot Blanc
Ugni Blanc
There is no dry white Bordeaux Sup. T/F?
True
White Bordeaux Superieur conditions?
Semi sweet / moeulleux
6-18 months ageing
Red Bordeaux Sup min ageing?
9 months
Which regional Bordeaux AOC has the lowest permitted yield? (49 HL/ha)
Bordeaux Superieur white
Which regional Bordeaux AOC has the lowest minimum ABC? (9%)
Crémant
Max yield for red Bordeaux AOC?
60 HL/ha
Bordeaux rosé can include what % of white grapes in blend?
20%
Three named AOCs within Entre Deux Mers permitted to make red wine? (Excluding regional Bordeaux)
Graves de Vayres
Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
Which year did AOC Cotes de Bordeaux debut?
2008
Cotes de Bordeaux AOC can incorporate fruit from which (5) growing areas?
- Cotes de Blaye
- Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
- Cotes de Castillon
- Bordeaux Cotes des Francs
- Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
Name the 5 sub regional designations for Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?
- Blaye-Cotes de Bordeaux
- Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
- Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux
- Francs Cotes de Bordeaux
- Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
Max yield for Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?
55 HL/ha
Max yield for red Cotes de Bordeaux with named designation?
52 HL/ha
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOC characteristics
Semi-sweet/moeulleux white
Sémillon dominant
Min abv 11.5%
Min RS 34g/l
Which 5 appellations are used for red wine made in Entre Deux Mers?
Bordeaux Bordeaux Sup Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux Graves de Vayres
Red wines bottled as Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux are from which part of Premières Cotes de Bordeaux? North or South?
North
Merlot the dominant variety
Pockets of gravel so cabernet Sauvignon too
Premières Cotes de Bordeaux AOC makes what style of white wine?
Semi sweet aka mouelleux
Sweet or liqoureux wines from the Premières Côtes de Bordeaux must use which appellation?
Cadillac AOC
Dry whites = Bordeaux AOC
Red = Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
Semi sweet whites = Premières Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
Which Cotes of Bordeaux has a reputation for clairets and rosés? (NB from the generic regional AOCs)
Premières Cotes de Bordeaux/Cadillac
Cadillac AOC delineated as independent growing area in 1973 and received AOC status in __
1980
Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire is an extension of which other area?
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux
Blaye is located __km downriver from Bordeaux city?
50km
Blaye was rebuilt as a citadel in the ___ century
17th
Rationale for Blaye growing Ugni Blanc?
Supplying Cognac prior to official delineation of Cognac AOC in 1909
What is Fine de Bordeaux?
Grape brandy made in Blaye
70% Ugni Blanc and Colombard
Balance: Merlot, Mauzac and Ondenc
Fine de Bordeaux distilled in what still?
Pot still (double distilled)
Fine de Bordeaux - max ABV
40%
Cotes de Bourg based around what town?
Bourg-sur-Gironde
Which subregion is known as “little Switzerland” or “Switzerland on Gironde”?
Bourg
Battle of Castillon took place in what year?
1453
Hilltops in Castillon reach what elevation?
91m
Which is the warmest and driest sub region of Bordeaux?
Francs Cotes de Bordeaux
Which is the easternmost appellation of Bordeaux?
Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
The Médoc runs from ___ to the Pointe de Grave
Jalle de Blanquefort
The Médoc runs from the Jalle de Blanquefort to ___
Pointe de Grave
What is the northernmost AOC in Bordeaux?
Médoc AOC
Most vineyards in Médoc AOC are planted to what grape variety?
Merlot
How many GCCs in Haut Médoc AOC?
5 Cantemerle La Lagune La Tour Carnet Camensac Belgrave
Gravel mounds in Saint Estephe are relatively HIGHER or LOWER than the other Médoc communes?
Higher
Drainage is slow in Saint Estephe. True or false?
True
Which AOC sits halfway between Bordeaux city and the Atlantic Ocean?
Pauillac
What is the dividing line between the northern and southern gravel mounds in Pauillac?
Pibran marsh
What dividing line separates Pauillac from Saint Estephe?
Jalle de Breuil
What dividing line separates Pauillac from Saint Julien?
Julliac stream
How many GCCs in Saint Estephe?
5 Montrose Cos d'Estournel Cos Labory Lafon Rochet Calon Segur
How many GCCs in Pauillac?
17
Which Médoc AOC is considered most new world in style?
Saint Julien
How many gravel mounds in Listrac Médoc?
3
Listrac
Fontréaud
Fourcas
Name the 3 gravel mounds in Listrac Médoc
Listrav
Fontréaud
Fourcas
Which AOC contains the highest point in the Médoc?
Listrac
Limestone plateau
Which Médoc AOC has the thinnest layer of Günz gravels as its topsoil?
Margaux
Pessac Léognan became an AOC in what year?
1987
Breakdown of red and white production in Graves?
75% red
25% white
How many estates have been classified for red and or white wines in Pessac Léognan?
16
Name the 5 communes of Sauternes AOC
Sauternes Fargues Bommes Preignac Barsac
Approximate Semillon/SB planting breakdown in Sauternes
2/3 Semillon
1/3 Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle fallen out of favour
Barsac limestone used for 2 examples
Grand Théatre de Bordeaux
Sidewalks in Martinique
In the 1900s there were how many Cooper’s in Barsac?
300
Name the plateau in Barsac
Haut Barsac
Can Cérons AOC produce dry white?
No, fully sweet white only
Libourne named after whom?
Roger de Leyburn, English settler
The Cotes are considered part of the Libournais. True or false?
False
1973 effort to incorporate Sables-Saint Emilion into the Saint Emilion AOC - was it successful or unsuccessful?
Unsuccessful
Northern border of Saint Emilion AOC is what?
Barbanne stream
The hills of which sub region form Saint Emilion’s eastern border?
Castillon
Ausonius was thought to have lived in which Saint Emilion satellite?
Montagne
Name the now defunct AOC whose vines were incorporated into Montagne Saint Emilion in 1973
Parsac Saint Emilion
Saint Georges Saint Emilion is separated from Saint Emilion by what?
Barbanne stream
Which Saint Emilion satellite is most homogenous in soil and aspect?
St Georges
50% of Saint Georges Saint Emilion production goes to which 3 countries?
Belgium
Switzerland
UK
The Hospitaliers of St John of Jerusalem are associated with which modern day AOC?
Pomerol
Hospitaliers of St John of Jerusalem more commonly called?
Knights of Malta
Pomerol wasn’t considered a fine wine appellation until when?
Early 1900s
Name the iron rich hardpan found in Pomerol
Crasse de Fer
What separates Pomerol and Lalande de Pomerol?
Barbanne stream
Which Saint Emilion satellite forms Lalande de Pomerol’s eastern border?
Montagne
Name the 2 communes of Lalande de Pomerol
Lalande de Pomerol
Néac
Néac AOC is defunct. True or false?
False. It has fallen out of use but not disallowed.
Lalande de Pomerol was once a part of Pomerol AOC. True or false?
True
NB Néac commune was its own AOC
How many communes in Fronsac?
Of those, how many in Canon-Fronsac?
18
6
Name the sandy clay soil associated with Fronsac
Fronsadais molasse
Stylistic production shift in Entre Deux Mers took place in what year?
1953
Directive to make dry white wine, max 4g/l
Mandatory lab analysis (1st in Bordeaux) and tasting panel
Which is considered the best of the Entre Deux Mers sweet appellations?
Saint Croix du Mont
Due to concentration of gravel
How many changes to 1855?
3
- Cantemerle added
- Part of Romer sold before WWII, renamed Romer-du-Hayot, maintained its ranking
- Mouton in 1973
In what year was Mouton elevated to 1st growth?
1973
Temperature controlled fermentation arrived in what decade?
1970s
Who is behind Chateau La Gomerie?
Gérard and Dominique Bécot of Beau-Séjour Bécot
11 named Super Seconds in textbook?
Cos d'Estournel Ducru Beaucaillou Léoville Las Cases Léoville Poyferré Lynch Bages Montrose Palmer Pichon Comtesse Pichon Baron Pontet Canet Rauzan Ségla
Montrose got 100RP in what 3 vintages?
1990, 2009, 2010
Pétrus for RP100 in which 5 vintages?
1989, 1990, 2000, 2009, 2010
Second wines produced by first growths since…?
The 1700s
Petit Mouton debuted in what year?
1993
How many chx in first Cru Bourgeois classification (1932)?
444
EU recognised Cru Artisan term in what year?
1994
A 2006 inter ministerial decree limited use of Cru Artisan term to how many chateaux?
44
How often is Cru Artisan classification reviewed?
Every 5 years
In what year was the Graves classification completed?
1959
Drawn up in 1953
Latour Haut Brion was incorporated into which chateau?
La Mission Haut Brion
Part of Ch Couhins was sold and renamed what?
Ch Couhins Lurton
First Saint Emilion classification took place in which year?
1955
Which Saint Emilion classification was nullified? On what grounds?
2006
Tasting protocol was considered flawed - judges tasted GCCs along with would be GCCs, it was thought they could not remain impartial in such conditions
With 2012 ranking, how many Premiers Grands Crus Classés (As and Bs) in Saint Emilion?
4 As
14 Bs
How many “Grand Cru Classé” estates in Saint Emilion (excluding Premiers) from 2012 classification?
64
Conditions for Grand Cru Classé in Saint Emilion?
Chateau must have made AOC SE Grand Cru for 7 of past 10 harvests
Vines at least 12 years old
Cannot modify (buy or sell land) for duration of their classification
Which humourously named French writer coined the term garagiste?
Nicolas Baby
Thunevin made L’interdit de V…D in what year? Why?
2002
INAO forbid him from using AOC because he used plastic sheeting before harvest rains
Thunevin and Andraud’s Margaux property?
Marojallia
La Mondotte: Vin de garage or super cuvee?
Super cuvee
According to Von Niepperg
Distinguish between
Sainte Foy
St Macaire
St Croix du Mont
Sainte Foy Côtes de Bordeaux - part of CdB. Easternmost AOC of Bdx. SE part of E2M. Makes red, dry, semi sweet and sweet white.
Cotes de Bordeaux st Macaire - not part of CdB.
Southwest part of E2M. No red wine. Dry, semi sweet and sweet whites. Extension of Premières Cotes.
St Croix du Mont. Sweet wine only, right bank of Garonne in E2M. Most prestigious on this side.
Two historical oyster bivalves from Arcahon?
Gravette (plate or crassotrea edulis)
Portugaise (crassotrea angulata)
Name of Portuguese ship that dumped Portugaise oysters in Gironde in 1868?
The Morlaisien
Portugaise oyster population decimated in the 1970s by what?
Oyster hill disease
Gravette/plate susceptible to a disease that kills them in their ____ year
Third
Successful oyster introduced from Japan in 1966?
Pacific oyster (crass ostrea gigas)
Spicy sausages with oysters
Crépinettes
What is a crépinette?
Spicy sausage served with oyster
Name the dish of oysters with crépinette sausages
Huitres à la Bordelaise
What is shad in French?
Alose
What is sturgeon in French?
Esturgeon
Shad has how many bones?
3,000
Name the large black eels that migrate up the Gironde estuary Feb-May
Lamprey
Food prep A la Bordelaise usually has three meanings, what are they?
- Sauce with chopped parsley, shallots or garlic
- Sauce red wine, bone marrow, shallots
- Sauce red wine, shallots, cèpes
White wine sauce name
Bonnefoy
Where does Bordeaux get its truffles?
Dordogne Valley, around Périgord
Best vine for cooking on sarments?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Woody and delivers high heat
What are pré salés?
Salt marshes
What are sweet breads in French?
Riz de veau
What are veal kidneys in French?
Rognons de veau
Macarons recipe
Almond flour
Egg whites
Sugar
